Projecte d'energia solar t��rmica

El proyecto consiste en el dise��o de una instalaci��n solar t��rmica para producci��n de agua caliente sanitaria (ACS) en un edificio de nueva construcci��n en la localidad de Mollerussa (Lleida). Se han estudiado las necesidades t��rmicas de ACS en atenci��n a las caracter��sticas constructivas y funcionales del edificio, dando cumplimiento a la normativa vigente. Conocida la demanda energ��tica esperada, se han analizado los datos climatol��gicos y de temperatura de red de agua fr��a propios del emplazamiento, y se ha propuesto un campo de captaci��n compuesto por captadores planos y los distintos subconjuntos que componen la instalaci��n: acumulaci��n, transferencia t��rmica, trazado hidr��ulico, regulaci��n y control, y energ��a auxiliar. Con ello se ha llevado a cabo una simulaci��n energ��tica mediante la herramienta TSOL, software de simulaci��n solar recomendado por entidades de reconocido prestigio, para comprobar que se han alcanzado los objetivos del sistema propuesto. Por ��ltimo, se ha realizado un estudio del beneficio medioambiental que supone la instalaci��n proyectada, indicando el ahorro energ��tico para el usuario y las toneladas equivalentes de di��xido de carbono evitadas.

Blunting the response to endotoxin in healthy subjects: effects of various doses of intravenous fish oil.

To test the dose response effect of infused fish oil (FO) rich in n-3 PUFAs on the inflammatory response to endotoxin (LPS) and on membrane incorporation of fatty acids in healthy subjects. Prospective, sequential investigation comparing three different FO doses. Three groups of male subjects aged 26.8 +/- 3.2 years (BMI 22.5 +/- 2.1). One of three FO doses (Omegaven10%) as a slow infusion before LPS: 0.5 g/kg 1 day before LPS, 0.2 g/kg 1 day before, or 0.2 g/kg 2 h before. Temperature, hemodynamic variables, indirect calorimetry and blood samples (TNF-alpha, stress hormones) were collected. After LPS temperature, ACTH and TNF-alpha concentrations increased in the three groups: the responses were significantly blunted (p < 0.0001) compared with the control group of the Pluess et al. trial. Cortisol was unchanged. Lowest plasma ACTH, TNF-alpha and temperature AUC values were observed after a single 0.2 g/kg dose of FO. EPA incorporation into platelet membranes was dose-dependent. Having previously shown that the response to LPS was reproducible, this study shows that three FO doses blunted it to various degrees. The 0.2 g/kg perfusion immediately before LPS was the most efficient in blunting the responses, suggesting LPS capture in addition to the systemic and membrane effects.

Dynamic arterial elastance to predict arterial pressure response to volume loading in preload-dependent patients

INTRODUCTION Hemodynamic resuscitation should be aimed at achieving not only adequate cardiac output but also sufficient mean arterial pressure (MAP) to guarantee adequate tissue perfusion pressure. Since the arterial pressure response to volume expansion (VE) depends on arterial tone, knowing whether a patient is preload-dependent provides only a partial solution to the problem. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of a functional evaluation of arterial tone by dynamic arterial elastance (Ea(dyn)), defined as the pulse pressure variation (PPV) to stroke volume variation (SVV) ratio, to predict the hemodynamic response in MAP to fluid administration in hypotensive, preload-dependent patients with acute circulatory failure. METHODS We performed a prospective clinical study in an adult medical/surgical intensive care unit in a tertiary care teaching hospital, including 25 patients with controlled mechanical ventilation who were monitored with the Vigileo(��) monitor, for whom the decision to give fluids was made because of the presence of acute circulatory failure, including arterial hypotension (MAP ���65 mmHg or systolic arterial pressure <90 mmHg) and preserved preload responsiveness condition, defined as a SVV value ���10%. RESULTS Before fluid infusion, Ea(dyn) was significantly different between MAP responders (MAP increase ���15% after VE) and MAP nonresponders. VE-induced increases in MAP were strongly correlated with baseline Ea(dyn) (r(2) = 0.83; P < 0.0001). The only predictor of MAP increase was Ea(dyn) (area under the curve, 0.986 �� 0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84-1). A baseline Ea(dyn) value >0.89 predicted a MAP increase after fluid administration with a sensitivity of 93.75% (95% CI, 69.8%-99.8%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 66.4%-100%). CONCLUSIONS Functional assessment of arterial tone by Ea(dyn), measured as the PVV to SVV ratio, predicted arterial pressure response after volume loading in hypotensive, preload-dependent patients under controlled mechanical ventilation.

Dysfonction endoth��liale et risque cardiovasculaire : l'exercice prot��ge la fonction endoth��liale et pr��vient la maladie cardiovasculaire [Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk : xercise protects endothelial function and prevents cardiovascular disease]

Objectifs : D��crire les caract��ristiques de la dysfonction endoth��liale associ��e au risque cardiovasculaire et expliciter les m��canismes biologiques par lesquels l'exercice stimule et/ou restaure la fonction endoth��liale. Actualit��s : La fonction endoth��liale, via les effets vasculoprotecteurs du monoxyde d'azote (NO), pr��serve la sant�� cardiovasculaire. Le dysfonctionnement endoth��lial est un facteur pr��dictif de la survenue des ��v��nements cardiovasculaires. L'endoth��lium est donc un organe cible pr��ventif et th��rapeutique prioritaire pour diminuer le risque cardiovasculaire. Perspectives : Les ��tudes ��pid��miologiques mettent en ��vidence les bienfaits de l'exercice r��gulier sur la fonction endoth��liale, via une action endoth��liale directe. L'approche exp��rimentale permet aujourd'hui de mieux cerner les m��canismes biologiques protecteurs de l'exercice. L'exercice, via l'��l��vation des forces de cisaillement, prot��ge et/ou normalise la fonction endoth��liale en augmentant la biodisponibilit�� en NO soit par une stimulation de la production de NO et/ou, soit par une augmentation des d��fenses antioxydantes et/ou une att��nuation des enzymes prooxydantes. Conclusion : La connaissance des m��canismes biologiques protecteurs de l'exercice doit permettre d'encourager la pratique d'un exercice r��gulier par tous pour pr��venir et r��duire la mortalit�� cardiovasculaire.

Corticosterone regulates multiple colour traits in Lacerta [Zootoca] vivipara males.

Ornamental colours usually evolve as honest signals of quality, which is supported by the fact that they frequently depend on individual condition. It has generally been suggested that some, but not all types of ornamental colours are condition dependent, indicating that different evolutionary mechanisms underlie the evolution of multiple types of ornamental colours even when these are exhibited by the same species. Stress hormones, which negatively affect condition, have been shown to affect colour traits based on different pigments and structures, suggesting that they mediate condition dependence of multiple ornament types both among and within individuals. However, studies investigating effects of stress hormones on different ornament types within individuals are lacking, and thus, evidence for this hypothesis is scant. Here, we investigated whether corticosterone mediates condition dependence of multiple ornaments by manipulating corticosterone levels and body condition (via food availability) using a two-factorial design and by assessing their effect on multiple colour traits in male common lizards. Corticosterone negatively affected ventral melanin- and carotenoid-based coloration, whereas food availability did not affect coloration, despite its significant effect on body condition. The corticosterone effect on melanin- and carotenoid-based coloration demonstrates the condition dependence of both ornaments. Moreover, corticosterone affected ventral coloration and had no effect on the nonsexually selected dorsal coloration, showing specific effects of corticosterone on ornamental ventral colours. This suggests that corticosterone simultaneously mediates condition dependence of multiple colour traits and that it therefore accounts for covariation among them, which may influence their evolution via correlational selection.

THC prevents MDMA neurotoxicity in mice

The majority of MDMA (ecstasy) recreational users also consume cannabis. Despite the rewarding effects that both drugs have, they induce several opposite pharmacological responses. MDMA causes hyperthermia, oxidative stress and neuronal damage, especially at warm ambient temperature. However, THC, the main psychoactive compound of cannabis, produces hypothermic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, THC may have a neuroprotective effect against MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. Mice receiving a neurotoxic regimen of MDMA (20 mg/kg ��4) were pretreated with THC (3 mg/kg ��4) at room (21��C) and at warm (26��C) temperature, and body temperature, striatal glial activation and DA terminal loss were assessed. To find out the mechanisms by which THC may prevent MDMA hyperthermia and neurotoxicity, the same procedure was carried out in animals pretreated with the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 and the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630, as well as in CB1, CB2 and CB1/CB2 deficient mice. THC prevented MDMA-induced-hyperthermia and glial activation in animals housed at both room and warm temperature. Surprisingly, MDMA-induced DA terminal loss was only observed in animals housed at warm but not at room temperature, and this neurotoxic effect was reversed by THC administration. However, THC did not prevent MDMA-induced hyperthermia, glial activation, and DA terminal loss in animals treated with the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251, neither in CB1 and CB1/CB2 knockout mice. On the other hand, THC prevented MDMA-induced hyperthermia and DA terminal loss, but only partially suppressed glial activation in animals treated with the CB2 cannabinoid antagonist and in CB2 knockout animals. Our results indicate that THC protects against MDMA neurotoxicity, and suggest that these neuroprotective actions are primarily mediated by the reduction of hyperthermia through the activation of CB1 receptor, although CB2 receptors may also contribute to attenuate neuroinflammation in this process.

Early Cretaceous radiolarians of the Northeast Indian Ocean (leg 123 - site 765, site 766 and dsdp site 261) - The Antarctic-Tethys connection

During ODP Leg 123, abundant and well-preserved Neocomian radiolarians were recovered at Site 765 (Argo Abyssal Plain) and Site 766 (lower Exmouth Plateau). Assemblages are characterized by the numerical dominance of a small number of non-tethyan forms and by the scarcity of tethyan taxa. Remarkable contrasts exist between radiolarian assemblages extracted from claystones of Site 765 and reexamined DSDP Site 26 1, and faunas recovered from radiolarian sand layers, only found at Site 765. Clay faunas are unusual in their low diversity of apparently ecologically tolerant (or solution resistant?), ubiquist species, whereas sand faunas are dominated by non-tethyan taxa. Comparisons with Sites 766 and 26 1, as well as sedimentological observations, lead to the conclusion that this faunal contrast resulted from a difference in provenance, rather than from hydraulic sorting or selective dissolution. The ranges of 27 tethyan taxa from Site 765 were compared to the tethyan radiolarian zonation by Jud (1992) by means of the Unitary Associations Method. This calculation allows to directly date the Site 765 assemblages and to estimate the amount of truncation of ranges for tethyan taxa. Over 70% of the already few tethyan species of Site 765, have truncated ranges during the Valanginian-Hauterivian. Radiolarian assemblages recovered from claystones at Sites 765 and 261 in the Argo Basin apparently reflect restricted oceanic conditions during the latest Jurassic-Barremian. Neither sedimentary facies nor faunal associations bear any resemblance to what we know from typical tethyan sequences. We conclude that the Argo Basin was paleoceanographically separated from the Tethys during the Late Jurassic and part of the Early Cretaceous by its position at higher paleolatitudes and/or by enclosing land masses. Assemblages recovered from radiolarian sand layers are dominated by non-tethyan species that are interpreted as circumantarctic. Their first appearance in the late Berriasian-early Valanginian predates the oceanization of the Indo-Australian breakup (M11, late Valanginian), but coincides with a sharp increase in margin-derived pelagic turbidites. The Indo-Australian rift zone and the adjacent margins must have been submerged deeply enough to allow an intermittent influx of circumantarctic cold water into the Argo Basin, creating increased bottom current activity. Cold-water radiolarians carried into the Argo Basin upwelled along the margin, died, and accumulated in radiolarite layers due to winnowing by bottom currents. High rates of faunal change and the sharp increase of bottom current activity are thought to be synchronous with possible pronounced late Berriasian-early Valanginian lowstands in sea level. Hypothetically, both phenomena might have been.caused by a tendency to glaciation on the Antarctic-Australian continent, which was for the first time isolated from the rest of Gondwana by oceanic seaways as a result of Jurassic-Early Cretaceous sea-floor spreading. The absence of most typical tethyan radiolarian species during the Valanginian-Hauterivian is interpreted as reflecting a time of strong influx of circumantarctic cold water following oceanization (M11) and rapid spreading between Southeast India and West Australia. The reappearance and gradual abundance/diversity increase of tethyan taxa, along with the still dominant circumantarctic species are thought to result from overall more equitable climatic conditions during the Barremian-early Aptian and from the establishment of an oceanic connection with the Tethys Ocean during the early Aptian.

Kylm��n veden tauti kirjolohella : tapausselostus ja l����kej����mien seuranta

Eija Rimaila-P��rn��nen, Varpu Hirvel��-Koski, Anneli Niemi, Jaana Sepp��nen ja Erkki Hernesniemi

Iowa Byways: The Official Guide to Iowa Byways, 2013

Browse through this guide and you���ll find the distinct flavor of what is available along each byway. Discover recreational, historic, cultural and scenic attractions using the maps and lists provided in the guide. You���ll find numbered attractions for each byway in or near the town listed. For a comprehensive list of byway features, visit www.iowabyways.org. Friendly local contacts are provided to help you along the way. Iowa Transportation Maps clearly tracking all the Iowa byways with red dotted lines are available at Iowa���s official welcome centers. Traveling Iowa���s byways you will experience small town America, while enjoying diverse landscapes and unique landforms that have been shaped over thousands of years. Iowa���s cultural heritage also plays a major role across all 11 byways, boasting hundreds of historic sites, national landmarks and interpretive centers, each telling Iowa���s stories from the first Native Americans through European immigrants to modern times. Glaciers once covered much of Iowa, shaping the broad flat plains of the prairie. These massive sheets of ice missed the northeast corner of the state, leaving the land along the Driftless Area Byway rugged and hilly with rock outcroppings, springs and cold water trout streams. Rivers coursed their way through the land, carving deep furrows in some places and leaving gently rolling hills in others. In western Iowa, wind has shaped fine sand into the impressive Loess Hills, a rare land form found in only one other place on earth. Iowa���s two national scenic byways and nine state byways offer unique varieties of scenic features, and more for you to see and do. View three states from atop a Mississippi River bluff, stop at a modern art museum and then tour a working farm. Explore a historic mill, visit a national aquarium, take a boat ride in a cave, purchase locally crafted pottery and wares from local artisans or trace the footsteps of Lewis and Clark. Experience the actual wagon ruts of the Mormon Trail, ride your bike 13 stories high, canoe a water trail, star gaze under Iowa���s darkest sky, and marvel at mounds built by prehistoric cultures. Agriculture wraps Iowa���s byways with an abundance of farmland vistas and fills Iowa lands with ever-changing crops and activities for you to ���harvest.��� You���ll see croplands on the vast flat plains and farmsteads sprinkled across rolling hills reminiscent of a Grant Wood painting. Along the way, you might wander in a corn maze, rest at a bed and breakfast, study farming in museums, discover the Iowa barn quilt collection or visit a working Amish farm. When you are ready to step outside your vehicle, you���ll find much more to do and see. Prairie, forests, rivers and public lands are abundant along Iowa���s byways; providing opportunities for you to stop and play in the outdoors with hiking, biking, kayaking and trout fishing. Classic hometowns with pride for their unique lore and offerings are found all along the byways. They invite you to taste local food, enjoy their architecture, and immerse yourself in the rich history and culture that defines them. Why not plan your next journey off the beaten path? No matter how you choose to make the most of every moment, we know that time spent along Iowa���s byways is sure to grow your love for Iowa���s diverse, beautiful vistas and authentic communities. Happy driving!

The human epidermal differentiation complex: cornified envelope precursors, S100 proteins and the 'fused genes' family.

�� The skin is essential for survival and protects our body against biological attacks, physical stress, chemical injury, water loss, ultraviolet radiation and immunological impairment. The epidermal barrier constitutes the primordial frontline of this defense established during terminal differentiation. During this complex process proliferating basal keratinocytes become suprabasally mitotically inactive and move through four epidermal layers (basal, spinous, granular and layer, stratum corneum) constantly adapting to the needs of the respective cell layer. As a result, squamous keratinocytes contain polymerized keratin intermediate filament bundles and a water-retaining matrix surrounded by the cross-linked cornified cell envelope (CE) with ceramide lipids attached on the outer surface. These cells are concomitantly insulated by intercellular lipid lamellae and hold together by corneodesmosmes. Many proteins essential for epidermal differentiation are encoded by genes clustered on chromosomal human region 1q21. These genes constitute the 'epidermal differentiation complex' (EDC), which is divided on the basis of common gene and protein structures, in three gene families: (i) CE precursors, (ii) S100A and (iii) S100 fused genes. EDC protein expression is regulated in a gene and tissue-specific manner by a pool of transcription factors. Among them, Klf4, Grhl3 and Arnt are essential, and their deletion in mice is lethal. The importance of the EDC is further reflected by human diseases: FLG mutations are the strongest risk factor for atopic dermatitis (AD) and for AD-associated asthma, and faulty CE formation caused by TG1 deficiency causes life-threatening lamellar ichthyosis. Here, we review the EDC genes and the progress in this field.

Evaluation of Concrete Patching Mixes and Opening Time Using the Maturity Concept, MLR-93-7, 1993

This report summarizes the findings of a research which was intended to evaluate the concrete strength and opening time for the full depth patching projects in Iowa under cold weather and whether or not cold water could be allowed in the mix. This research was performed both in the laboratory and in the field. The results indicated that with the present specification the concrete strength after five hours for two-lane patches which requires hot water and calcium chloride is about 1,600 psi. Hence, if a higher strength is desired, a longer curing time is required. Hot water will have to be used and water reducer is not recommended for two-lane patches. On the other hand, the concrete strength for multi-lane patches with either hot or cold water approaches 4,000 psi in less than 24 hours. There was only a slight difference in compressive strengths between the 24-hour and 36-hours curing times.

07039-014 Miners Creek Final Report

This project brings together rural and urban partners to address the impairment of Miners Creek, a cold water trout stream in Northeast Iowa. It eliminates point source pollution contributions from the City of Guttenberg, decreases non-point source pollution and increases in-stream and near stream habitat in the Miners Creek Watershed. It specifically eliminates sewage and storm water runoff from the City of Guttenberg into Miners Creek; it develops, enhances and preserves wetlands; reduces direct livestock access to the. stream through rotational grazing systems; completes stream bank stabilizatio11 and in-stream habitat creation; targets upland land treatment; and promotes targeted application of continuous CRP and forestry practices. This project recognizes that non-point source pollution improvements could be hampered by point source pollutants ihat inhibit biologic reproduction and survival. It takes appropliate measures to improve all aspects of the stream ecosystem.

Mice with chronic GSH deficit display phenotypical anomalies that resemble key aspects of schizophrenia

ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder occurring with a prevalence of 1% in the worldwide population. It develops progressively with psychosis onset in late adolescence or earlyadulthood. The disorder can take many different facets and has a highly diffuse anddistributed neuropathology including deficits in major neurotransmitter systems,myelination, stress regulation, and metabolism. The delayed onset and the heterogeneouspathology suggest that schizophrenia is a developmental disease that arises from interplayof genetic and environmental factors during sensitive periods. Redox dysregulation due to animbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant defence mechanisms is among the riskfactors for schizophrenia. Glutathione (GSH) is the major cellular redox regulator andantioxidant. Levels of GSH are decreased in cerebrospinal fluid, prefrontal cortex and postmortemstriatum of schizophrenia patients. Moreover, polymorphisms of the key GSHsynthesizingenzyme, glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier (GCLM) subunit, are associatedwith the disease, suggesting that GSH deficit is of genetic origin. Here we used miceknockout (KO) for the GCLM gene, which display chronic GSH deficit (~70 to 80% decrease)to investigate the direct link between redox dysregulation and schizophrenia. Accordingly,we evaluated whether GCLM KO compared to normal wildtype mice display behavioralchanges that relate to schizophrenia symptoms and whether their brains showmorphological, functional or metabolic alterations that resemble those in patients.Moreover, we exposed pubertal GCLM mice to repeated mild stress and measured theirhormonal and behavioral stress reactivity. Our data show that chronic GSH deficit isassociated with altered emotion- and stress-related behaviors, deficient prepulse inhibition,pronounced amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion but normal spatial learning andworking memory. These changes represent important schizophrenia endophenotypes.Moreover, this particular pattern of change indicates impairment of the ventralhippocampus (VH) and related circuitry as opposed to the dorsal hippocampus (DH), which isimplicated in spatial information processing. This is consistent with a selective deficit ofparvalbumin positive interneurons and gamma oscillation in the VH but not DH. Increasedlevels of circulating stress hormones in KO mice following pubertal stress corroborate VHdysfunction as it is involved in negative feedback control of the stress response. VHstructural and functional deficits are frequently found in the schizophrenic brain. Metabolicevaluation of the developing GCLM KO anterior cortex using in vivo magnetic resonancespectroscopy revealed elevated glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), Gln/Glu and N-acetylaspartate(NAA) during the pre-pubertal period. Similar changes are reported in earlyschizophrenia. Overall, we observe phenotypic anomalies in GSH deficient GCLM KO micethat correspond to major schizophrenia endophenotypes. This supports an important rolefor redox dysregulation in schizophrenia and validates the GCLM KO mouse as model for thedisease. Moreover, our results indicate that puberty may be a sensitive period for redoxsensitivechanges highliting the importance of early intervention. Gln, Gln/Glu, Glu and NAAmay qualify as early metabolic biomarkers to identify young at-risk individuals. Since chronictreatment with NAC normalized most metabolic changes in GCLM KO mice, NAC may be oneadjunct treatment of choice for early intervention in patients.RESUMELa schizophr��nie est une maladie psychiatrique majeure avec une pr��valence de 1% dans lapopulation. Son d��veloppement est progressif, les premi��res psychoses apparaissant ��l'adolescence ou au d��but de l'��ge adulte. La maladie a plusieurs pr��sentations et uneneuropathologie ��tendue, qui inclut des d��ficits neurochimiques, m��taboliques, de lamy��lination et de la r��gulation du stress. L'��mergence tardive et l'h��t��rog��n��it�� de lapathologie sugg��rent que la schizophr��nie est une maladie d��veloppementale, favoris��e pardes facteurs g��n��tiques et environnementaux durant des p��riodes sensibles. La d��r��gulationr��dox, due �� un d��s��quilibre entre facteurs pro-oxidantes et d��fenses anti-oxidantes,constitue un facteur de risque. Le glutathion (GSH) est le principal r��gulateur r��dox et antioxidantdes cellules, ses taux sont diminu��s dans le liquide c��phalorachidien, le cortexpr��frontal et le striatum de patients. De plus, des variations du g��ne codant la sous-unit��modulatrice (GCLM) de la glutamate-cyst��ine ligase, enzyme de synth��se du GSH, sontassoci��s la maladie, sugg��rant que le d��ficit observ�� chez les patients est d'origineg��n��tique. Nous avons donc utilis�� des souris ayant une d��l��tion du g��ne GCLM (KO), quiont un d��ficit chronique en GSH (70-80%), afin d'��tudier le lien entre une d��r��gulation r��doxet la schizophr��nie. Nous avons ��valu�� si ces souris pr��sentent des alt��rationscomportementales analogues aux sympt��mes de la maladie, et des modificationsstructurelles, fonctionnelles et m��taboliques au niveau du cerveau, ressemblant �� celles despatients. De plus, nous avons soumis les souris �� des stresses mod��r��s durant la pubert��,puis mesur�� les r��ponses hormonales et comportementales. Les animaux pr��sentent und��ficit pr��-attentionnel du traitement des informations moto-sensorielles, un d��ficit pourcertains apprentissages, une r��ponse accrue �� l'amph��tamine, mais leurs m��moires spatialeet de travail sont pr��serv��es. Ces atteintes comportementales sont analogues �� certainsendoph��notypes de la schizophr��nie. De plus, ces changements comportementaux sontlargement expliqu��s par une perturbation morphologique et fonctionnelle de l'hippocampeventral (HV). Ainsi, nous avons observ�� un d��ficit s��lectif des interneurones immunor��actifs�� la parvalbumine et une d��synchronisation neuronale dans l'HV. L'hippocampe dorsal,impliqu�� dans l'orientation spatiale, demeure en revanche intact. L'augmentationd'hormones de stress dans le sang des souris KO suite �� un stress pr��pubertal soutien aussil'hypoth��se d'une dysfonction de l'HV, connu pour moduler ce type de r��ponse. Des d��ficitsstructurels et fonctionnels dans l'hippocampe ant��rieur (ventral) ont d'ailleurs ��t�� rapport��schez des patients schizophr��nes. Par de r��sonance magn��tique, nous avons ��galement suivile profil m��tabolique du le cortex ant��rieur au cours du d��veloppement postnatal des sourisKO. Ces mesures ont r��v��l�� des taux ��lev��s de glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), du ratioGln/Glu, et de N-ac��tyl-aspartate (NAA) durant la p��riode pr��pubertale. Des alt��rationssimilaires sont d��crites chez les patients durant la phase pr��coce. Nous avons donc r��v��l��des anomalies ph��notypiques chez les souris GCLM KO qui refl��tent certainsendoph��notypes de la schizophr��nie. Nos r��sultats appuient donc le r��le d'une d��r��gulationr��dox dans l'��mergence de la maladie et le potentiel des souris KO comme mod��le. De plus,cette ��tude met en ��vidence la pubert�� comme p��riode particuli��rement sensible �� uned��r��gulation r��dox, renfor��ant l'importance d'une intervention th��rapeutique pr��coce. Dansce cadre, Gln, Gln/Glu, Glu and NAA seraient des biomarqueurs cl��s pour identifier de jeunesindividus �� risque. De part son efficacit�� dans notre mod��le, NAC pourrait ��tre unesubstance de choix dans le traitement pr��coce des patients.

09029-015 Otter Creek Watershed Final Report

The City of West Union has been selected by Iowa Department of Economic Development as a Green Pilot Community. A major project within this designation is the reconstruction of the downtown business district public infrastructure in a sustainable, innovative, and replicable way. A key component of this project is replacement of the impermeable street and sidewalk surfacing with a porous paver system. This system, along with bio-retention cells in intersection bumpouts and sidewalk planters, will infiltrate, then cleanse and cool the storm water prior to a very slow discharge rate to Otter Creek. The project area will see a 95% reduction in peak discharge rate for a 100 year storm and a 20% reduction in runoff volume. West Union is located within the Otter Creek watershed, a designated cold water trout stream just below the city. Fayette County Soil and Water Conservation District and IDNR consider improvement of the water quality of Otter Creek to be very important. This reconstruction of downtown West Union in a sustainable manner will be the start of an overall Otter Creek watershed improvement project.

06003-002 Upper Catfish Creek Watershed Final Report

Upper Catfish Creek is located in a 9,300-acre watershed that flows through two significant natural resources, Swiss Valley Park and Swiss Valley Nature Preserves, one of the largest nature preserves in the Midwest. According to DNR���s 2002 305(d) report, that portion of the creek within the park and preserve is classified as a Class B(CW) cold water stream of which a portion has naturally reproducing trout (one of only 30 in the state of Iowa with this capability). Urban sprawl is a real threat to the Upper Catfish Creek Watershed. Currently, 10% of the watershed is residential, but 27% is zoned residential or commercial. The watershed is near Dubuque city limits but the jurisdiction is in the county. Differing criteria for land development between city and county jurisdictions further entices developers to build in outlying areas. County leaders agree there is more that needs to be done and will work with municipalities on uniformity of regulations and follow-up measures. We propose to set up key urban conservation practice models that will address storm water runoff and water quality which can be learned about and viewed by city and county officials, engineers, developers, etc. This would be part of a larger initiative including an educational campaign, inter-jurisdictional planning, the development of a land use GIS database, and agricultural conservation practices. The successes coming out of and learned about this watershed will serve as a model to spread county-wide.