Life before the minster: the social dynamics of monastic foundation at Anglo-Saxon Lyminge, Kent

Anglo-Saxon monastic archaeology has been constrained by the limited scale of past investigations and their overriding emphasis on core buildings. This paper draws upon the results of an ongoing campaign of archaeological research that is redressing the balance through an ambitious programme of open-area excavation at Lyminge, Kent, the site of a royal double monastery founded in the seventh century ad. The results of five completed fieldwork seasons are assessed and contextualised in a narrative sequence emphasising the dynamic character of Lyminge as an Anglo-Saxon monastic settlement. In so doing, the study brings into sharp focus how early medieval monasteries were emplaced in the landscape, with specific reference to Anglo-Saxon Kent, a regional context offering key insights into how the process of monastic foundation redefined antecedent central places of long-standing politico-religious significance and social action.

A later Bronze Age well complex at Swalecliffe, Kent

This paper examines the significance of seventeen later Bronze Age wells found during construction at Swalecliffe, in north-east Kent. The unusual depth of the features made for exceptional preservation of wooden structural elements, including steps and revetments, demonstrating rare evidence for woodworking and woodmanship. Extensive biological remains facilitated environmental reconstruction, and a lengthy dendrochronological sequence corroborates the internationally important Flag Fen chronology. Dendrochronological and radiocarbon dates demonstrate around 500 years of seemingly continuous use and replacement of wells. Votive deposits and apparatus used for water collection provide glimpses of small-scale ritual and domestic activities. The highly unusual concentration of wells is compared to contemporary sites regionally and elsewhere.

Technology, ritual and Anglo-Saxon agrarian production: the biography of a seventh-century century plough coulter from Lyminge, Kent

The discovery of an unusual early medieval plough coulter in a well-dated Anglo-Saxon settlement context in Kent suggests that continentally derived technology was in use in this powerful kingdom centuries before heavy ploughs were first depicted in Late Saxon manuscripts. The substantial investment required to manufacture the coulter, the significant damage and wear that it sustained during use and the circumstances of its ultimate ritual deposition are explored. Investigative conservation, high-resolution recording and metallographic analysis illuminate the form, function and use-life of the coulter. An examination of the deposition contexts of plough-irons in early medieval northern Europe sheds important new light on the ritual actions of plough symbolism in an age of religious hybridity and transformation.

Revisiting Swiss temperature trends 1959-2008

Temperature is a key variable for monitoring global climate change. Here we perform a trend analysis of Swiss temperatures from 1959 to 2008, using a new 2 × 2 km gridded data-set based on carefully homogenised ground observations from MeteoSwiss. The aim of this study is twofold: first, to discuss the spatial and altitudinal temperature trend characteristics in detail, and second, to quantify the contribution of changes in atmospheric circulation and local effects to these trends. The seasonal trends are all positive and mostly significant with an annual average warming rate of 0.35 °C/decade (∼1.6 times the northern hemispheric warming rate), ranging from 0.17 in autumn to 0.48 °C/decade in summer. Altitude-dependent trends are found in autumn and early winter where the trends are stronger at low altitudes (<800 m asl), and in spring where slightly stronger trends are found at altitudes close to the snow line. Part of the trends can be explained by changes in atmospheric circulation, but with substantial differences from season to season. In winter, circulation effects account for more than half the trends, while this contribution is much smaller in other seasons. After removing the effect of circulation, the trends still show seasonal variations with higher values in spring and summer. The circulation-corrected trends are closer to the values simulated by a set of ENSEMBLES regional climate models, with the models still tending towards a trend underestimation in spring and summer. Our results suggest that both circulation changes and more local effects are important to explain part of recent warming in spring, summer, and autumn. Snow-albedo feedback effects could be responsible for the stronger spring trends at altitudes close to the snow line, but the overall effect is small. In autumn, the observed decrease in fog frequency might be a key process in explaining the stronger temperature trends at low altitudes.

Downland, marsh, and weald: monastic foundation and rural intensification in Anglo-Saxon Kent

This paper takes a fresh look at the relationship between Christian conversion and economic change in Anglo-Saxon England, drawing upon new archaeological evidence from Kent. One of its primary aims is to exploit the archaeological record to provide a critical perspective on how these two processes may have related to one another, paying particular attention to previous assumptions concerning the role played by monastic institutions in the process of rural intensification in Anglo-Saxon England.

Taxonomic review of Haliclystus antarcticus Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus Haliclystus Clark, 1863

Difficulties concerning the taxonomy of stauromedusae are long known, and there is a clear need for taxonomic revision of the genus Haliclystus, as well as the reevaluation of some species. Haliclystus antarcticus Pfeffer, 1889 is recorded from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Due to the lack of detailed information on this species, we provide a redescription, presenting new data on the cnidome, morphometry, geographical distribution and intraspecific variation. Based on these characters, we propose that our specimens and Haliclystus auricula from Chile and Argentina are synonymous and should be classified as H. antarcticus. We also review the worldwide distribution of the genus Haliclystus Clark, 1863 and discuss taxonomic issues, concluding that some characters traditionally used in the taxonomy of the group should be used cautiously.

Notes on distribution, variation and characterization of Erythrolamprus pseudocorallus Roze, 1959 (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the first records from Colombia

The Maracaibo false coral snake Erythrolamprus pseudocorallus, previously known only from Venezuela, is recorded from five departments in Colombia. These new data include the westernmost and the southernmost records presently known for the species. Two specimens previously identified as E. aesculapii, from the localities of El Valle, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, and Yarumal, Antioquia, Colombia, are now attributed to E. pseudocorallus, the first one representing the northeasternmost record of the species. Morphological characterization of E. pseudocorallus is expanded based on the new specimens.

Aga, disciplin och fostran i den svenska folkskolan 1945-1959. : En studie om 1947 års skoldisciplinutredning, Skolöverstyrelsens direktiv i fostrans- och disciplinfrågor samt hanteringen av frågan om skolagan i Tunabygdens lärarklubb.

Denna historieuppsats (15hp) handlar om aga- och skoldisciplinsfrågorna i den svenska folkskolan. Undersökningens syfte är att granska hur disciplinsfrågorna i folkskolan hanterades före och efter agaförbudet på både nationell och lokal nivå. För att uppnå detta mål har i första hand tre olika källor använts, nämligen 1947 års skoldisciplinutredning, protokoll från Tunabygdens lärarklubb och dess studiecirkel samt Skolöverstyrelsens anvisningar till folkskolelärarna efter att agan hade förbjudits i folkskolan. Skoldisciplinutredningen kom som en följd av protesterna från lärarkåren och Skolöverstyrelsen till ett agaförbud. Disciplinutredningen kom inte fram till något agaförbud utan snarare fram till flera disciplinsfrämjande förslag. I Tunabygdens lärarklubb och dess studiecirkel bedrevs diskussioner som berörde aga, disciplin och fostran överhuvudtaget. Lärarklubben och folkskolestyrelserna i landet var emot ett agaförbud, men inte enbart för rätten i sig att få aga elever, utan också för att de var emot en stark centralstyrning som de upplevde fanns och som ifrågasatte lärarnas yrkesprofession. Skolöverstyrelsens anvisningar kom 1959, året efter agaförbudet och den handlade mycket om skolans och lärarnas fostrande uppgifter. Fungerande disciplin i klassen ansågs vara lika viktig som innan agaförbudet och det handlade om att ändra formerna för denna disciplin. För att upprätthålla ett fungerande disciplin ansåg Skolöverstyrelsen att det var oerhört viktigt att lära känna igen skolbarnet och dess hemförhållanden. För att kontrollera detta hade bl.a. lärare och skolläkare viktiga roller i hemmens hjälp att fostra barnen rätt, då tilltron till barnens föräldrar och uppväxtmiljö var låg från Skolöverstyrelsens sida.

Landsbygdens lärjungar : En studie av den sociala rekryteringen vid realskolan i Rättvik 1930-1959

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka den sociala bakgrunden hos elever som läste vid Realskolan i Rättvik mellan åren 1930 och 1959. Källmaterialet består av antagnings- och avgångsmatriklar från Realskolan i Rättvik där uppgifter om elevens kön, faderns yrke, eventuell examen samt om eleven valt att läsa vidare på gymnasium efter avslutad skolgång hämtats. Ovanstående insamlad data visar vilken socialgrupp och vilket kön eleverna hade som läste på skolan, vilka som avbröt sina studier i förtid samt vilka som läste vidare på gymnasium efter realexamen. Indelningen i socialgrupper har gjorts utifrån SCB’s socioekonomiska indelning, SEI. Resultatet visar att elevernas sociala bakgrund har varierat över tid och även varierat mellan könen. Resultatet visar även att denna variation stämmer överens med omvärldens förändringar, där samhälleliga och social förändringar avspeglar sig i resultatet. Resultatet visar att de största variationerna återfinns i de lägre socialgrupperna, socialgrupp 2 och 3, där hemmansägarnas och arbetarnas barn befinner sig.

Group photo at New York Trade School Commencement Ceremony, 1959

A group of administrators from the New York Trade School pose at the 1959 commencement ceremony held May 19, 1959. Original caption: "Front: (left to right) Wm. F. Vanderbeek - Kenneth Schweiger - Bernard Rosenstadt - Ralph D. Cole - George E. McLaughlin - Herbert Brod - Edward Hansen. Back: (left to right) James Wright - Lawrence Levenstein - Ronald B. Smith - Roy Wall."

Projeto de desenvolvimento e encampações no discurso do governo Leonel Brizola : Rio Grande do Sul (1959-1963)

Esta dissertação aborda o discurso do desenvolvimento do governo Leonel Brizola (1959-1963) no Rio Grande do Sul. A partir de uma perspectiva que associa as preocupações da Ciência Política com a abordagem da Análise do Discurso, este trabalho examina alguns dos principais aspectos da construção do referido discurso. Neste sentido, a pesquisa apresenta uma reflexão teórica sobre a noção de discurso e sobre destacadas matrizes de pensamento acerca dos modelos de desenvolvimento. Isto oferece subsídios para um exame das políticas no campo econômico por parte deste governo estadual. Dentre as medidas adotadas por esta administração, a dissertação enfatiza os processos de desapropriação de empresas estrangeiras nos setores de energia elétrica e de telecomunicações. Baseado no estudo específico destes eventos de intervenção estatal, a pesquisa analisa a constituição heterogênea do discurso do desenvolvimento do governo Brizola. Estes aspectos permitem averiguar: os distintos sentidos atribuídos ao desenvolvimento, o significado político destas encampações, a dinâmica dos elementos discursivos envolvidos e a importância de tais iniciativas governamentais na configuração de um projeto econômico para o Rio Grande do Sul.

A esquerda católica do Brasil: formação na prática político-educativa e no horizonte teórico dos anos 1959-1964

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a formação da Esquerda Católica do Brasil durante os anos de 1959 -1964. O que se pretende focalizar, principalmente, e a busca do aprofundamento teórico e do referencial filosófico que orientou as práticas políticas e pedagógicas dos cristãos de esquerda no período imediatamente anterior ao golpe de 1964. Pela análise de sua trajetória nestes anos, é possível reconhecer traços originais e contribuições inovadoras que esta parcela de militantes católicos deixou na Igreja e na sociedade brasileira, cujos reflexos chegam até nossos dias.