Nuevos precios del petróleo y la industria eléctrica en América Latina = New oil prices and the Latin American electricity industry

Incluye Bibliografía

Economic criteria for the selection and development of power stations and electricity systems

Includes bibliography

Some problems arising from the development of power stations and electricity systems

Includes bibliography

Electric power costs and the functions of electricity undertakings

Report submitted by the Energy Division of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Istmo Centroamericano: la regulación de la distribución de energía eléctrica en los países con empresas privadas. Los casos de El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua y Panamá

Incluye Bibliografía

Análise técnico-econômica da substituição parcial do combustível diesel pelo gás natural em motores marítimos na região amazônica

A experiência internacional indica a existência de cinco alavancas principais comumente relacionadas à expansão do consumo de gás natural: a) disponibilidade de reservas de gás natural; b) restrições à oferta de outros energéticos (especialmente para a geração de eletricidade); c) preocupação com o meio ambiente em uma legislação ambiental cada dia mais rigorosa; d) liberalização de empresas privadas na distribuição e comercialização de gás natural, atraindo investimentos; e) liberalização da indústria, atraindo investimentos privados, como opção. Dentro desse cenário, as obras de construção do gasoduto Coari (Base de Extração Urucu)-Manaus, com cerca de 670 quilômetros de extensão total, ficarão prontas em abril de 2008 conforme previsão da Petrobrás divulgada no dia 21/05/2007, o qual transportará 4,7 milhões de metros cúbicos por dia de gás natural na primeira fase de operação. O investimento total previsto é de R$2,4 bilhões. O gás natural substituirá o diesel e o óleo combustível usados principalmente na produção de grande parte da energia elétrica consumida no Estado do Amazonas. Será usado também nos processos industrial e comercial, bem como para abastecer veículos automotores (automóveis, pickups, caminhões leves, ônibus) com segurança. Essa última aplicação incentivou por excelência esta dissertação, fazendo uma análise técnico-econômica da substituição parcial do combustível diesel pelo gás natural em motores marítimos na região Amazônica, pois as embarcações são veículos que singram os rios da Amazônia, usados no transporte de carga e passageiros. Demonstra primeiramente que é possível tecnicamente a conversão dos motores diesel para consumirem diesel misturado com gás natural às taxas de substituição de diesel por gás natural de 5% a 90%, usando tecnologias já disponíveis no mercado brasileiro, sob a ótica de desempenho energético e ambiental. Posteriormente apresenta uma análise econômica da conversão, levando em consideração os reservatórios para gás natural comprimido - GNC ofertados no mercado nacional e os kits de conversão, em que ficam demonstradas: a) a viabilidade econômica do empreendimento, se desprezados os pesos e os volumes dos reservatórios de gás natural comprimido, principalmente os pesos; b) a inviabilidade econômica, considerando o transporte dos reservatórios nas embarcações como fretes que deixaram de gerar receitas pelos volumes e pesos ocupados nelas.

Comparative analysis between a PEM fuel cell and an internal combustion engine driving an electricity generator: Technical, economical and ecological aspects

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Transmission Expansion Planning Via a Constructive Heuristic Algorithm in Restructured Electricity Industry

The transmission expansion planning problem in modern power systems is a large-scale, mixed-integer, nonlinear and non-convex problem. this paper presents a new mathematical model and a constructive heuristic algorithm (CHA) for solving transmission expansion planning problem under new environment of electricity restructuring. CHA finds an acceptable solution in an iterative process, where in each step a circuit is chosen using a sensitivity index and added to the system. The proposed model consider multiple generation scenarios therefore the methodology finds high quality solution in which it allows the power system operate adequacy in an environment with multiple generators scenarios. Case studies and simulation results using test systems show possibility of using Constructive heuristic algorithm in an open access system.

Comercialização de energia elétrica no Brasil

How companies can sell their surplus production capacity of electric power in Brazil? This work was developed from the question presented and focusing on clarification of procedures to enter the Brazilian electricity market by providing basic guidelines based on resolutions by National Agency of Electric Energy, National System Operator procedures and rules of the Assembly of Electric Energy Commercialization. It features subsidy to companies that fit this profile to evaluate the possibility to sell their surplus electricity. The general aim was to analyze the procedures and the necessary steps to make this sale happen. Was developed through a literature review where an overview of the Brazilian electric sector and a case study of a company that has excess capacity of electricity, but doesn’t make its marketing. Resulted in the expected clarification as well as the incentive for companies through the information presented, the entry in this trade since power is still crucial to the country's economic growth and ensure its availability in quantity demanded is a challenge of the utmost importance for satisfactory results are achieved economic development contributing to the progress of our society

Exploring the water-energy nexus in Brazil: the electricity use for water supply

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Committed to reform? Pragmatic antitrust enforcement in electricity markets

This thesis is a collection of essays about the instrumental use of commitment decisions to facilitate the completion of the European internal electricity market. European policy can shape markets in many ways, two most evident being regulation and competition enforcement. The interplay between these two instruments attracts a lot of scholarly attention. One of the major concerns in the competition vs. regulation debate is the instrumental use of competition rules. It has been observed that competition enforcement is triggered not only as a response to an anticompetitive harm occurring in the market, but that it sometimes becomes a powerful tool in the European Commission’s hands to pursue regulatory goals. This thesis looks for examples of such instrumentalisation in the context of electricity markets and finds that the Commission is very pragmatic in using all the possible instruments it has at hand to push forward its project of creating the internal electricity market. This includes regulation, competition enforcement and all sorts of political pressure. To the extent that commitment decisions accelerate sector-specific regulation and overcome political deadlocks, they contribute to the Commission’s energy policy goals. However, instrumentalisation of competition rules comes at a certain cost to competition policy, energy policy and, most importantly, to electricity markets themselves. Markets might be negatively affected either indirectly, by application of sector-specific regulation or competition policy building on previous commitment decisions, or directly, through the implementation of inadequate commitments in individual cases. Concluding, commitment decisions generally contributed to achieving the policy objectives of the internal electricity market, but their use for that purpose does not come without cost. Given that this cost is ultimately borne by the internal electricity market, the Commission should take a more balanced approach to the instrumental use of commitment decisions so that it does not do more harm than good.

Designing Electricity Auctions in the Presence of Transmission Constraints

This paper analyzes the effect that different designs in the access to fnancial transmission rights has on spot electricity auctions. In particular, I characterize the equilibrium in the spot electricity market when financial transmission rights are assigned to the grid operator and when financial transmission rights are assigned to the firm that submits the lowest bid in the spot electricity auction. When financial transmission rights are assigned to the grid operator, my model, in contrast with the models available in the literature, works out the equilibrium for any transmission capacity. Moreover, I have found that an increase in transmission capacity not only increases competition between markets but also within a single market. When financial transmission rights are assigned to the firm that submits the lowest bid in the spot electricity auction, firms compete not only for electricity demand, but also for transmission rights and the arbitrage profits derived from its hold. I have found that introduce competition for transmission rights reduces competition in spot electricity auctions.