998 resultados para Dispositivi medici
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Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 632
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Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 635
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El desenvolupament de competències comunicatives interculturals es planteja de forma creixent com un dels elements fonamentals per a la Educació Secundària Obligatòria, ja que pot donar resposta a molts interrogants plantejats en les societats multiculturals actuals. En aquest article es planteja en què consisteix la competència comunicativa intercultural en les seves tres dimensions bàsiques: cognitiva, afectiva i comportamental; centrant-se en la necessitat de detectar i avaluar les competències dels adolescents, de forma prèvia a tota intervenció educativa. Per donar resposta a aqusesta necessitat es tenen en consideració les propostes actuals de medició d'aquest tipus de competències. entre els instruments de mesura proposats, es presenta el test de competència comunicativa intercultural com una alternativa vàlida i fiable d'evaluar els components cognitius i comportamentals de la competencia comunicativa intercultural dels y les adolescents.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of drought and nitrogen (N) stresses on stomatal conductance of three maize cultivars grown in the field. The stomatal conductance of Sol da Manhã variety (BRS 4157) and Pioneer 6875 hybrid, under drought and high N, was lower than under drought and low N, which indicates drought tolerance, since these cultivars did not exhibit reduction in grain yield by drought, as observed for Amarelão variety, which flowered under more severe drought. 'Sol da Manhã' exhibited shorter anthesis-silking interval under high N than under low N, an additional indication of tolerance.
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BACKGROUND: Data on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and fractures conflict. PURPOSE: To assess the risk for hip and nonspine fractures associated with subclinical thyroid dysfunction among prospective cohorts. DATA SOURCES: Search of MEDLINE and EMBASE (1946 to 16 March 2014) and reference lists of retrieved articles without language restriction. STUDY SELECTION: Two physicians screened and identified prospective cohorts that measured thyroid function and followed participants to assess fracture outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION: One reviewer extracted data using a standardized protocol, and another verified data. Both reviewers independently assessed methodological quality of the studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: The 7 population-based cohorts of heterogeneous quality included 50,245 participants with 1966 hip and 3281 nonspine fractures. In random-effects models that included the 5 higher-quality studies, the pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of participants with subclinical hyperthyroidism versus euthyrodism were 1.38 (95% CI, 0.92 to 2.07) for hip fractures and 1.20 (CI, 0.83 to 1.72) for nonspine fractures without statistical heterogeneity (P = 0.82 and 0.52, respectively; I2= 0%). Pooled estimates for the 7 cohorts were 1.26 (CI, 0.96 to 1.65) for hip fractures and 1.16 (CI, 0.95 to 1.42) for nonspine fractures. When thyroxine recipients were excluded, the HRs for participants with subclinical hyperthyroidism were 2.16 (CI, 0.87 to 5.37) for hip fractures and 1.43 (CI, 0.73 to 2.78) for nonspine fractures. For participants with subclinical hypothyroidism, HRs from higher-quality studies were 1.12 (CI, 0.83 to 1.51) for hip fractures and 1.04 (CI, 0.76 to 1.42) for nonspine fractures (P for heterogeneity = 0.69 and 0.88, respectively; I2 = 0%). LIMITATIONS: Selective reporting cannot be excluded. Adjustment for potential common confounders varied and was not adequately done across all studies. CONCLUSION: Subclinical hyperthyroidism might be associated with an increased risk for hip and nonspine fractures, but additional large, high-quality studies are needed. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Swiss National Science Foundation.
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The study assessed growth and physiological parameters of 'Sunrise Golden' and 'Tainung 01' papaya seedlings grown in 280mL plastic tubes and watered using a low-cost automatic irrigation system adjusted to operate at substrate water tension for starting irrigation (STI) of 3.0, 6.0 or 9.0 kPa. The water depths applied by the dripping system and drainage were monitored during germination and seedling growth. Germination, emergence velocity index (EVI), leaf area, plant height, shoot and root dry weight, stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC) and relative chlorophyll content (RCC) were evaluated. Soil nutrient levels were determined by electrical conductivity (EC). Water use efficiency (WUE) corresponded to the ratio of plant dry mass to depth of water applied. STI settings did not affect papaya germination or EVI. System configuration to 3.0 and 6.0 kPa STI exhibited the highest drainage and lowest EC and RCC, indicating soil nutrient loss and plant nutrient deficiency. Drainage was greater in tubes planted with the 'Tainung 01' variety, which developed smaller root systems and lower stomatal conductance than 'Sunrise Golden' seedlings. The highest values for shoot dry weight and WEU were obtained at 6.0 kPa STI for 'Sunrise Golden' (0.62 g and 0.69 g L-1) and at 9.0 kPa in 'Tainung 01' (0.35 g and 0.82 g L-1). RWC at 9.0 kPa STI was lower than at 3.0 kPa in both varieties. The results indicate that the low-cost technology developed for irrigation automation is promising. Even so, new studies are needed to evaluate low-flow irrigation systems as well as the nutrient and water needs of different papaya varieties.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the risk of stroke associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: Published prospective cohort studies were identified through a systematic search through November 2013 without restrictions in several databases. Unpublished studies were identified through the Thyroid Studies Collaboration. We collected individual participant data on thyroid function and stroke outcome. Euthyroidism was defined as TSH levels of 0.45-4.49 mIU/L, and subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as TSH levels of 4.5-19.9 mIU/L with normal T4 levels. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: We collected individual participant data on 47 573 adults (3451 subclinical hypothyroidism) from 17 cohorts and followed up from 1972-2014 (489 192 person-years). Age- and sex-adjusted pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for participants with subclinical hypothyroidism compared to euthyroidism were 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91-1.21) for stroke events (combined fatal and nonfatal stroke) and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.80-1.42) for fatal stroke. Stratified by age, the HR for stroke events was 3.32 (95% CI, 1.25-8.80) for individuals aged 18-49 years. There was an increased risk of fatal stroke in the age groups 18-49 and 50-64 years, with a HR of 4.22 (95% CI, 1.08-16.55) and 2.86 (95% CI, 1.31-6.26), respectively (p trend 0.04). We found no increased risk for those 65-79 years old (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.86-1.18) or ≥ 80 years old (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.79-2.18). There was a pattern of increased risk of fatal stroke with higher TSH concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Although no overall effect of subclinical hypothyroidism on stroke could be demonstrated, an increased risk in subjects younger than 65 years and those with higher TSH concentrations was observed.
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Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on selvittää, millaista on kulttuurisensitiivinen suun terveydenhoitotyö. Monikulttuurisuus on lisääntymässä Suomessa, ja eri kulttuurit kohtaavat myös suun terveydenhuollossa. Suomi tarvitsee kulttuuritietoisia suun terveydenhuollon ammattilaisia. Tähän velvoittaa myös Amsterdamin julistus, joka viittaa maahanmuuttajaystävällisten sairaaloiden ja kulttuurisesti pätevien organisaatioiden kehittämiseen . Tämä opinnäytetyö on osa suun terveydenhuollon koulutusohjelman hanketta: Näyttöön perustuvan monikulttuurisen suun terveydenhoitotyön kehittäminen. Tätä opinnäytetyötä varten on kerätty tietoa eri tietolähteistä ja tietokannoista: Kurre, Linda, Helka, Medici, Cinahl ja Nelli-portaali. Hakusanoina olivat maahanmuuttajat, monikulttuurisuus, hampaat, suu, ethnical, immigrants, dental multicultural ja transcultural. Lisäksi haimme tietoa monista eri hoito- ja kasvatustieteen kirjoista sekä verkkodokumenteista. Opinnäytetyössämme kuvataan kolmea eri kulttuurisen hoitamisen mallia. Mallien tarkoitus on tuoda uusia näkökulmia kulttuurisensitiiviseen hoitamiseen suun terveydenhuollossa ja kehittää asiakkaan ja hoitajan välistä vuorovaikutusta. Opinnäytetyömme maahanmuuttaja näkökulma on rajattu kolmeen ulkomaalaisryhmään: somalialaiset, venäläiset ja entisen Jugoslavian maan kansalaiset. Suuhygienistillä on opetusministeriön mukaan taito kohdata tasavertaisesti eri kulttuurista tulevia ja erilaisissa elämäntilanteissa olevia yksilöitä, perheitä ja yhteisöjä. Kulttuurisensitiivinen suun terveydenhoitotyö tarkoittaa sitä, että hoitotyöntekijä ymmärtää kulttuurin merkityksen potilaan kokonaishoidossa, pyrkii ihmisen kokonaisvaltaisen hoitoon ja omaa monipuolista tietoa yksilön ja yhteisön olosuhteista. Kulttuurisensitiivinen suun terveydenhoito on jatkuvaa prosessointia, joka muokkautuu tilanteiden, tietoperustan ja kokemusten kautta. Kulttuurisensitiivisyys sisältää myös halun huolenpitoon, miten ymmärtää, ajatella ja kunnioittaa toista. Jokainen suun terveydenhuollon työntekijä kehittää itselleen oman yksilöllisen kulttuurisen prosessoinnin mallin, jota oma persoona ja maailmankatsomus muovaavat.
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L’objectiu d’aquest estudi va ser poder observar les diferències a nivell estadístic entre dos tenistes. En ell apareixen els dos millors tenistes del moment en l’any 2013: Rafael Nadal i Novak Djokovic. Per a la medició dels seus partits a nivell estadístic es va utilitzar un protocol verbal a través d’una fulla d’Excel per tal de poder, posteriorment codificar la informació. Els resultats mostren les diferències de joc entre un i l’altre, així com els punts forts i dèbils de cada jugador. Aquest estudi pretén informar de manera objectiva, en quines situacions el tenista es desenvolupa millor i en quines té més problemes.
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The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the atmospheric behavior in the dispersion of the pollutants SO2, PM10 and NOx emitted by the President Medici power plant in Candiota, RS. The RAMS atmospheric model was applied and the simulations were conducted from april in 20 to 24, 2004. The concentrations of the pollutants simulated by RAMS were compared with the data measured at the air quality monitoring stations. The results showed significant influence of the emissions generated by the power plant on the concentration of the pollutants.
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RESUMO Visando à otimização do uso da água na produção de alimentos, este artigo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho da TDR e de um acionador automático para irrigação na produção da alface em solos com diferentes doses de um polímero hidrofílico. Em casa de vegetação, foram realizados dois ensaios em vasos de 3 litros cultivados com alface. O primeiro foi realizado na primavera de 2011, utilizando 2 texturas de solo (arenosa e argilosa) e a presença/ausência do hidrogel. O segundo ensaio foi realizado no outono de 2012, utilizando 4 doses de hidrogel (0; 8; 16 e 24 g por vaso) no solo de textura arenosa. Aos 38 (2011) e 44 (2012) dias após o transplantio (DAT) das mudas, foram realizadas as colheitas e a avaliação das plantas cultivadas. O hidrogel não representou uma fonte de erros para o funcionamento da TDR, e o dispositivo acionador automático para irrigação respondeu adequadamente à presença do hidrogel nos solos com diferentes texturas. Em geral, foi verificada maior eficiência do uso da água nas plantas desenvolvidas na presença do hidrogel. As plantas cultivadas em solo com 16 g por vaso de hidrogel destacaram-se em massa seca e fresca da parte aérea.
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OBJETIVO: A hipertensão portal esquistossomótica com antecedente de hemorragia digestiva foi tratada com esplenectomia + ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda (LVGE) + desvascularização da grande curvatura do estômago + esclerose endoscópica pós-operatória. Quando da existência de varizes de fundo gástrico, realizamos a abertura do fundo gástrico e sutura obliterante destas varizes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recidiva de hemorragia digestiva, repercussões laboratoriais e mortalidade do tratamento cirúrgico/endoscópico. MÉTODOS: Entre 1992 e 1998, foram operados no HC-UFPE 131 pacientes. O seguimento médio foi de 30 meses, em 111 pacientes, que foram solicitados a retornar ao ambulatório do HC-UFPE para a realização de controle clínico e laboratorial. RESULTADOS: A recidiva hemorrágica foi de 14,4% (16/111) e uma mortalidade de 5,4% (6/111). A recidiva de hemorragia digestiva alta foi exteriorizada através de hematemese em oito pacientes e oito por melena. Dos seis pacientes que foram a óbito, três apresentavam diagnóstico de linfoma, hepatocarcinoma e infarto agudo do miocárdio, respectivamente. Dois pacientes foram a óbito no pós-operatório imediato (sepse e coagulação intravascular disseminada). O sexto paciente foi a óbito por recidiva da hemorragia digestiva alta. Em nove pacientes, 13,2%, foi diagnosticada trombose da veia porta. Os dados laboratoriais, hematológicos e de função hepática também foram analisados. CONCLUSÕES: Os autores concluíram que o tratamento cirúrgico da hipertensão portal esquistossomótica, através da esplenectomia + LVGE + desvascularização da grande curvatura do estômago + esclerose endoscópica pós-operatória determina resultados compatíveis com a literatura em relação à recidiva de sangramento, mas preserva a funcionalidade hepática.
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A particularidade da secreção láctea caprina, do tipo apócrina, diferente da secreção merócrina da vaca, leva a erros de interpretação durante a realização de técnicas de avaliação da celularidade do leite de fêmeas desta espécie. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a contagem de células somáticas pelo método indireto California Mastitis Test (CMT), e por métodos diretos, incluindo a contagem por citometria de fluxo e a contagem microscópica direta, através da coloração de verde de metil e pironina-Y, além de comparar os métodos de contagem celular. Foram analisadas 102 amostras de 51 fêmeas caprinas, das raças Saanen, Parda Alpina e Toggenburg, criadas no Estado de São Paulo. Os animais foram categorizados segundo a fase da lactação, exame físico da glândula mamária e exame do leite. As amostras foram colhidas, após a realização do exame Califórnia Mastitis Test, em duas alíquotas, uma destinada à contagem celular automática e a outra, a contagem microscópica direta, utilizando-se o corante verde de metil e pironina- Y. De acordo com os diferentes escores do CMT, observou- se 74,5% de amostras negativas, 8,8% de amostras com escore traços, 8,8% de amostras ligeiramente positivas (+), 6,8% de amostras fracamente positivas (++) e 0,9% de amostras fortemente positivas (+++). Os valores medianos das contagens de células somáticas presentes no leite de cabras, avaliadas através de contador automático e microscopia direta, e analisadas de acordo com os diferentes escores do CMT, foram, respectivamente, 181.000, 578.000, 628.000, 1.421.500 e 5.542.000 células/mL de leite e 74.991, 271.396, 71.420, 640.995 e 5.049.394 células/ mL de leite, nos escores negativo, traços, +, ++ e +++. Os valores medianos obtidos através da contagem de células somáticas pelo método automático e microscópico direto, de acordo com as fases de lactação foram de 159.500, 508.000 e 277.500 células/mL de leite, e 62.493, 89.275 e 146.411. A correlação obtida entre a contagem celular automática e microscópica direta foi de 88%. A partir dos resultados observados pode-se concluir que existe diferença na contagem celular determinada através do método automático e microscópico sendo este último o mais adequado para a determinação da celularidade no leite de cabras.
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This study analyzed the influence of the number of milkings, number of births, and udder quarter in immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration in the colostrum of healthy Holstein cows. It was collected two samples of colostrum by manual milking, getting the first jets to completion of bacteriological examination and immunoglobulin levels by radial immunodiffusion test in agar gel. Positive samples for bacteriological examination were excluded from this investigation. Medians of immunoglobulin's G, A and M in the colostrum collected before the first and second milking were respectively 9,200 and 6,400mg/dL (p=0.0029); 400 and 200mg/dL (p=0.0018); 800 and 400mg/dL (p=0.0001). Median immunoglobulin concentration in animals that calved once, twice or three times or in cows that calved 4 to 6 times were 6,400; 6,400; 3,200 and 11,200mg/dL IgG; 100, 200, 100 and 800mg/dL IgA ; and 400, 400, 100 and 800mg/dL IgM, respectively. Concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM were greater in animals that calved more than 4 times (p<0.05). Medians of IgG, IgA and IgM in the right fore quarter (RF), right hind quarter (RH), left fore quarter (LF) and left hind quarter (LH) were, respectively, 7,800; 6,400; 7,800 and 6,400mg/dL; 200, 200, 200 and 200mg/dL; and 400, 400, 400 and 400mg/dL. Ig concentrations in the colostrum of Holstein cows were influenced by the number of milkings after delivery and number of lactations. These variations may be considered risk factors to passive immunity transfer to newborn calves, predisposing them to diseases and causing economic losses to dairy production.