Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Peeling a DNA Molecule on Substrate

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to study adhesion and peeling of a short fragment of single strand DNA (ssDNA) molecule from a graphite surface. The critical peel-off force is found to depend on both the peeling angle and the elasticity of ssDNA. For the short ssDNA strand under investigation, we show that the simulation results can be explained by a continuum model of an adhesive elastic band on substrate. The analysis suggests that it is often the peak value, rather than the mean value, of adhesion energy which determines the peeling of a nanoscale material.

SARS流行预测分析

表面上突如其来的SARS本质上却有极规律的内在发展演化机制,遵从初始缓慢增长、加速、减速和稳定终止四个阶段总体道路,自然和社会生活领域众多事件演化都符合这一规律,因而可以运用广义的Logistic生长模型进行描述.基于先期流行的广东SARS感染病例数据,以及尚未结束的北京、全国2003年SARS流行统计数据,借助于最优化分析技术,运用广义的Logistic生长模型对该事件演化特征参量进行了辨识;在此基础上,又借助于广义生长模型的特例--Gompertz函数进行了演化过程的预测,并与其他生长模型结果进行了比较.研究表明,生长模型模拟结果均与实际数据有很好的一致性,可以用来预测事件的发生演化过程,此次SARS事件堪称生长模型的经典实例.

Study of Gas Combustion in a Vented Cylindrical Vessel

Complicated interaction of a flame front with a turbulent flow induced by venting is studied during combustion of the stoichiometric propane/air mixture in a relatively large vented cylindrical vessel. Flame position, its shape, and combustion pressure were measured as a function of time and vent parameters. The experimental data were used to verify numerical simulation of the combustion process. The proposed numerical model satisfactorily simulates the main features of combustion in a closed and vented vessel such as flame configuration, flow and temperature fields, and pressure variation pattern. Simulated velocity and temperature distribution are very useful pieces of information because they are not available from experiments.

壁面粗糙度对水平后台阶气粒两相流动影响的PDPA实验研究

用相位多普勒颗粒测速仪(PDPA)测量了颗粒的平均与脉动速度,研究了壁面粗糙度对水平后台阶气粒两相流动的影响.研究结果表明,壁面粗糙度减小颗粒纵向平均速度,增大颗粒纵向和横向脉动速度.壁面粗糙度对流场中不同位置处颗粒运动影响的强弱不同,其中逆流区处较弱,下游处较强.壁面粗糙度对不同粒径颗粒运动影响的强弱不同,其中对细颗粒的影响较弱且被局限在壁面附近;对粗颗粒的影响较强且扩散到整个流场.

初始镀铬层的基体溶解法研究

利用基体溶解法通过高分辨扫描电镜(HRSEM)研究了钢基体激光淬火对初始镀铬层组织结构及形貌的影响.结果表明:初始镀铬层的形貌遗传了激光离散淬火基体的周期表面形貌,即激光完全相变硬化区、过渡区和原始基体;基体激光淬火不仅细化淬火区的晶粒、提高其硬度和耐蚀性,而且使激光淬火区上的初始镀铬层晶粒大大细化且排列非常致密.

潮汐调和分析与预报系统

为满足近海勘测前预测海域潮位的需要,利用VC++设计开发一个集潮汐调和分析及预报于一体的系统. 输入与勘测作业海域相近的潮汐观测站点数据,利用该系统的调和分析模块可得到30个分潮的潮汐调和常数,进而用于勘测施工海域的潮位预报. 该系统用户界面友好、操作简便、精度高、通用性强,在近海勘测作业中预估海域潮位具有实用和推广价值.

Arc Voltage Fluctuation in DC Laminar and Turbulent Plasma Jets Generat Ion

Arc voltage fluctuations in a direct current (DC) non-transferred arc plasma generator are experimentally studied, in generating a jet in the laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes. The study is with a view toward elucidating the mechanism of the fluctuations and their relationship with the generating parameters, arc root movement and flow regimes. Results indicate that the existence of a 300 Hz alternating current (AC) component in the power supply ripples does not cause the transition of the laminar plasma jet into a turbulent state. There exists a high frequency fluctuation at 4 kHz in the turbulent jet regime. It may be related to the rapid movement of the anode attachment point of the arc.

双层堤基管涌溃堤砂槽模型试验及渗流场特点研究

对双层堤基管涌溃堤进行了砂槽模型试验，对模型试验的流量和时间比尺进行了分析和讨论。通过有限元数值模拟，研究了管涌渍堤过程中渗流场变化的特点，分析并解释了砂槽模型试验中出现的难以理解的现象，对管涌发展机理和渗流场变化特点有了更深入的认识。

海洋平台吸力式基础的研究与进展

吸力式基础平台是近年开发的一种新型海洋平台，由于多种优越性而受到各国石油部门的重视，并引起许多研究人员的关注。对有关吸力式基础的沉贯，稳定性以及与分析密切相关的冰激振动，土的动载下的本构研究进展进行了综述。并在最后针对海洋地区的条件提出了今后研究的重点问题。包括：沉贯阻力特性，动载下基础的软化特性和液化可能性，合适的土动力本构关系和数值方法，实验方法及模型律等。

饱和土对瞬态荷载响应的初步分析

文中给出的两个典型爆炸实验并指出了其中共有的特殊现象即负压的出现，对饱和土在这种瞬态荷载下的响应及负压作用作了初步分析。

Interferometric Measurement of Density in Nonstationary Shock Wave Reflection Flow and Comparison with CFD

We present density measurements from the application of interferometry and Fourier transform fringe analysis to the problem of nonstationary shock wave reflection over a semicircular cylinder and compare our experimental measurements to theoretical results from a CFD simulation of the same problem. The experimental results demonstrate our ability to resolve detailed structure in this complex shock wave reflection problem, allowing visualization of multiple shocks in the vicinity of the triple point, plus visualization of the shear layer and an associated vortical structure. Comparison between CFD and experiment show significant discrepancies with experiment producing a double Mach Reflection when CFD predicts a transitional Mach reflection.

Improved method makes a soft landing of well path

Research and field experience have shown that well-path control is important in many cases, not only to reach the desired coordinates, but also to arrive at the well completion target from the preferred trajectory.

Experimental Evidence of Critical Sensitivity in Catastrophe

The paper presents an experimental study on critical sensitivity in rocks. Critical sensitivity means that the response of a system to external controlling variable may become significantly sensitive as the system approaches its catastrophic rupture point. It is found that the sensitivities measured by responses on three scales (sample scale, locally macroscopic scales and mesoscopic scale) display increase prior to catastrophic transition point. These experimental results do support the concept that critical sensitivity might be a common precursory feature of catastrophe. Furthermore, our previous theoretical model is extended to explore the fluctuations in critical sensitivity in the rock tests.

Kinetic and Size Control of Polystyrene and Polyacrylic Octadecyl Ester Lattices Via Polymerization in O/W Microemulsions

The kinetic studies of the acrylic octadecyl ester and styrene polymerization in microemulsion systems, (1) cetyl pyridine bromide (CPDB)/t-butanol/styrene/water; (2) CPDB/t-butanol/toluene + acrylic octadecyl ester (1:1, w/v)/ water; (3) cetyl pyridine bromide/styrene/formamide, were made by using dynamic laser light scattering techniques (DLS). The mechanisms of nucleation of latex particles were discussed. The most possible nucleation location of the styrene and acrylic octadecyl ester microlatex particles in aqueous microemulsion system is in aqueous phase via homogeneous nucleation. Meanwhile, parts of microlatex particles are possibly produced via swollen micelles (microemulsions) and monomer droplets nucleation. On the other hand, the most possible nucleation location of the styrene microlatex particles in nonaqueous microemulsion system is inside monomer droplets. The relationship between the amount of monomer and the size of microlatex was also investigated. It has been found that the size of microlatex particles could be controlled by changing the amount of monomer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.