The Effects of the Word of Wisdom Meditation Technique on the Development of Executive Function Skills in Early Childhood Education

This theory-based paper examines the definition of Executive Functioning (EF) skills, their importance in the early childhood classroom and how to aid in their natural development. The Word of Wisdom meditation technique is considered as a viable alternative to increase the natural development of EF skills in early childhood.

Mobile Phones, Sensors & The Crowd: Lessons Learnt From Development of a Real-Time Travel Information System

Postprint

Crowd at NOW conference, Atlantic City

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Crowd at NOW conference, Atlantic City

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Crowd at anti-pornography rally

Inscription: Verso: Women Against Pornography march on Times Square, New York.

View of the crowd from women's rights demonstration

Inscription: Verso: women's march and demonstration, New York.

Crowd at Bryant Park during women's rights march

Inscription: Verso: women's rights rally, Bryant Park, New York.

Eliciting and Aggregating Forecasts When Information is Shared

Using the wisdom of crowds---combining many individual forecasts to obtain an aggregate estimate---can be an effective technique for improving forecast accuracy. When individual forecasts are drawn from independent and identical information sources, a simple average provides the optimal crowd forecast. However, correlated forecast errors greatly limit the ability of the wisdom of crowds to recover the truth. In practice, this dependence often emerges because information is shared: forecasters may to a large extent draw on the same data when formulating their responses.

To address this problem, I propose an elicitation procedure in which each respondent is asked to provide both their own best forecast and a guess of the average forecast that will be given by all other respondents. I study optimal responses in a stylized information setting and develop an aggregation method, called pivoting, which separates individual forecasts into shared and private information and then recombines these results in the optimal manner. I develop a tailored pivoting procedure for each of three information models, and introduce a simple and robust variant that outperforms the simple average across a variety of settings.

In three experiments, I investigate the method and the accuracy of the crowd forecasts. In the first study, I vary the shared and private information in a controlled environment, while the latter two studies examine forecasts in real-world contexts. Overall, the data suggest that a simple minimal pivoting procedure provides an effective aggregation technique that can significantly outperform the crowd average.

The Subject in the Crowd: A Critical Discussion of Jodi Dean’s “Crowds and Party”

This article presents a critical discussion of Jodi Dean’s (2016) book “Crowds and Party”. I pay particular attention to her discussion of crowds and the Communist Party that is influenced by psychoanalysis. Dean has put forward an important argument for the affectivity within crowds that may be transformed into a Communist Party that is characterised by a similar affective infrastructure. I suggest that Dean’s discussion of affect is slightly vague at times and may be supplemented with Sigmund Freud’s work on affect. In contrast to Dean, who stresses the collectivity and deindividuation of the crowd, I argue that the crowd needs to be thought of as a place where individuality and collectivity come together and remain in tension. Such a tension may then be managed by the Party, as Dean illustrates.

Facilitating Inclusion: Austrian Wisdom Councils as Democratic Innovation between Consensus and Diversity

Democratic innovations face the challenge of realizing deliberative democratic ideals in the context of structural inequality. Consensus decision making and expertise have been said to have exclusive effects on marginalized groups like women and ethnic and sexual minorities, which obstructs diversity. Wisdom Councils as practiced in Austria attempt to counter inequalities by including marginalized groups through the moderation technique dynamic facilitation. Exploratory participatory observations and interviews with a moderator and the participants of two Wisdom Councils in Austria provide a deeper understanding of the inclusive processes at work in Wisdom Councils facilitating a productive combination of consensus and diversity.

Progetto di servizi multimediali in sistemi di Crowd Sensing

Nell’ambito delle Smart City si rivela di fondamentale importanza ottenere quante più informazioni possibili dalla popolazione locale. In questo scenario sono di utilizzo strategico sistemi di CrowdSensing e soprattutto di Mobile CrowdSensing per raccogliere informazioni dalla popolazione autoctona. Su queste basi nasce e si sviluppa il sistema ParticipAct dell’Università di Bologna. A differenza dei tradizionali sistemi di Mobile CrowdSensing, ParticipAct attua il modello del così detto “Mobile CrowdSensing Partecipativo”, che vede l’utente non solo come fonte di dati passivi, ma come fonte di informazioni di qualsiasi genere, da questionari a fotografie. Questa Tesi di laurea vuole mettere in evidenza come l’integrazione di dati multimediali, in particolare i Video, possono essere sfruttati come risorsa per Smart City grazie alla loro particolare natura composta. Viene poi analizzata la particolare architettura del sistema ParticipAct e come è stato possibile implementare la richiesta di Task contenenti azioni di tipo Video in un sistema basato su interazione Client - Server.

Adaptive Crowd Algorithms for Open-Ended Problems

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06