Prismatic adaptation changes visuospatial representation in the inferior parietal lobule.

Prismatic adaptation has been shown to induce a realignment of visuoproprioceptive representations and to involve parietocerebellar networks. We have investigated in humans how far other types of functions known to involve the parietal cortex are influenced by a brief exposure to prismatic adaptation. Normal subjects underwent an fMRI evaluation before and after a brief session of prismatic adaptation using rightward deviating prisms for one group or after an equivalent session using plain glasses for the other group. Activation patterns to three tasks were analyzed: (1) visual detection; (2) visuospatial short-term memory; and (3) verbal short-term memory. The prismatic adaptation-related changes were found bilaterally in the inferior parietal lobule when prisms, but not plain glasses, were used. This effect was driven by selective changes during the visual detection task: an increase in neural activity was induced on the left and a decrease on the right parietal side after prismatic adaptation. Comparison of activation patterns after prismatic adaptation on the visual detection task demonstrated a significant increase of the ipsilateral field representation in the left inferior parietal lobule and a significant decrease in the right inferior parietal lobule. In conclusion, a brief exposure to prismatic adaptation modulates differently left and right parietal activation during visual detection but not during short-term memory. Furthermore, the visuospatial representation within the inferior parietal lobule changes, with a decrease of the ipsilateral hemifield representation on the right and increase on the left side, suggesting thus a left hemispheric dominance.

Coronary sinus atresia with persistent left superior vena cava: unusual clinical presentation and endovascular management.

Atresia of the coronary sinus (ACS) is a rare congenital anomaly. When associated with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), this defect could have no significant hemodynamic effect, and the patient might remain asymptomatic. However, vascular interventions might induce changes or complications that could show the anomaly. Appropriate management requires a good understanding of this condition. We present the first reported case of ACS and PLSVC occurring after thrombosis of the innominate vein (IV) after central venous catheter placement. The patient presented with atypical subacute chest pain and recurrent extrasystoles. Diagnosis and characterization of vascular anomalies was made by computed tomography phlebography, and the patient was successfully managed by endovascular recanalization of the IV.

Disparate activation of the coronary sinus and inferior left atrium during atrial tachycardia after persistent atrial fibrillation ablation: prevalence, pitfalls, and impact on mapping.

INTRODUCTION: Persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation may lead to partial disconnection of the coronary sinus (CS). As a result, disparate activation sequences of the local CS versus contiguous left atrium (LA) may be observed during atrial tachycardia (AT). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of this phenomenon and its impact on activation mapping. METHODS: AT occurring after persistent AF ablation were investigated in 74 consecutive patients. Partial CS disconnection during AT was suspected when double potentials with disparate activation sequences were observed on the CS catheter. Endocardial mapping facing CS bipoles was performed to differentiate LA far-field from local CS potentials. RESULTS: A total of 149 ATs were observed. Disparate LA-CS activations were apparent in 20 ATs after magnifying the recording scale (13%). The most common pattern (90%) was distal to proximal endocardial LA activation against proximal to distal CS activation, the latter involving the whole CS or its distal part. Perimitral macroreentry was more common when disparate LA-CS activations were observed (67% vs 29%; P = 0.002). Partial CS disconnection also resulted in "pseudo" mitral isthmus (MI) block during LA appendage pacing in 20% of patients as local CS activation was proximal to distal despite distal to proximal activation of the contiguous LA. CONCLUSION: Careful analysis of CS recordings during AT following persistent AF ablation often reveals disparate patterns of activation. Recognizing when endocardial LA activation occurs in the opposite direction to the more obvious local CS signals is critical to avoid misleading interpretations during mapping of AT and evaluation of MI block.

Acute retroperitoneal bleeding due to inferior mesenteric artery aneurysm: case report

Background: Visceral artery aneurysms (VAA), although uncommon, are increasingly being detected. We describe a case of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage from a ruptured IMA aneurysm associated with stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and celiac trunk, successfully treated with surgery. Methods: A 65-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. Abdominal CT scan showed an aneurysm of the inferior mesenteric artery with retroperitoneal hematoma. In addition, an obstructive disease of the superior mesenteric artery and celiac axis was observed. Results: Upon emergency laparotomy a ruptured inferior mesenteric artery aneurysm was detected. The aneurysm was excised and the artery reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis. Conclusions This report discusses the etiology, presentation, diagnosis and case management of inferior mesenteric artery aneurysms

Osteosarcoma extraóseo en extremidad inferior

INTRODUCTION: Extraoseus osteosarcoma is a rare tumor confined in soft tissues but with histological features similar to bone osteosarcoma. CLINICAL CASE: We report the case of a young male affected extraosseous osteosarcoma. A detailed analysis of the clinical symptoms and evolution from the beginning of the process to the death of the patient, three years later, is performed. DISCUSSION: The different types of treatment and prognostic factors involving this disease are discussed CONCLUSIONS: Radical surgery followed by chemotherapy is the preferred form of treatment in extraosseus osteosarcoma.The latest advances in chemotherapy have improved the prognosis in this type of tumor

Accidental cross-clamping of the superior vena cava: management and BIS evolution.

The case of a 38-year old man with recurrent adenocarcinoma of the right lung and infiltration of the thoracic wall, who underwent a right pneumonectomy with thoracic wall resection, is described. Dissection of the right pulmonary hilous was extremely difficult due to the previous operations. The superior vena cava (SVC) was accidentally ligated, resulting in profound hypotension and increased venous pressure in the internal jugular vein. Immediate blood aspiration through a 8.5-French introducer sheath lowered the venous congestion. After the SVC was cross-clamped, the Bispectral Index (BIS) acutely decreased to 0 and remained low during the resuscitation. Over the next 5 hours, BIS was directly affected by mean arterial pressure. Four days postoperatively, the patient was neurologically intact.

Total aortic arch stenting--hemodynamical impact of carotid artery perfusion.

The aim of this experimental study is to evaluate the feasibility and the outcome of total endovascular stent implantation in the aortic arch. Indications for this operation-technique would be acute or chronic dissection of the aortic arch (non-A-non-B dissection) or type B dissection with retrograde extension. Four pigs were canulated via the distal abdominal aorta and a retrograde placement of a Djumbodis arch stent (4-9 cm) was controlled by using intravascular ultrasound and intracardiac ultrasound by the inferior cava vein and under radioscopic control. Cerebral perfusion, by using a flow meter placed on one prepared carotid artery, were controlled before, immediate post-procedural (<1 min), and in the early follow-up after aortic arch stent implantation. During the implantation process, especially during balloon inflation and deflation, mean carotid perfusion decreases slightly. A reactive increase of carotid perfusion after stent placements indicates transitory cerebral hypo-perfusion. Non-covered aortic arch stent implantation is technically feasible and could be a potential treatment option in otherwise inoperable arch dissections. The time required for balloon inflation and deflation causes an important risk of cerebral ischemia. The latter can be reduced by transaxillary perfusion.

Distribution of artifactual gas on post-mortem multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

PURPOSE: We investigated the incidence and distribution of post-mortem gas detected with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to identify factors that could distinguish artifactual gas from cardiac air embolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MDCT data of 119 cadavers were retrospectively examined. Gas was semiquantitatively assessed in selected blood vessels, organs, and body spaces (82 total sites). RESULTS: Seventy-four of the 119 cadavers displayed gas (62.2%; CI 95% 52.8-70.9), and 56 (75.7%) displayed gas in the heart. Most gas was detected in the hepatic parenchyma (40%), right heart (38% ventricle, 35% atrium), inferior vena cava (30% infrarenally, 26% suprarenally), hepatic veins (26% left, 29% middle, 22% right), and portal spaces (29%). Male cadavers displayed gas more frequently than female cadavers. Gas was detected 5-84 hours after death; therefore, the post-mortem interval could not reliably predict gas distribution (rho = 0.719, p < 0.0001). We found that a large amount of putrefaction-generated gas in the right heart was associated with aggregated gas bubbles in the hepatic parenchyma (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 89.7%). In contrast, gas in the left heart (sensitivity = 41.7%, specificity = 100%) or in periumbilical subcutaneous tissues (sensitivity = 50%, specificity = 96.3%) could not predict gas due to putrefaction. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to show that the appearance of post-mortem gas follows a specific distribution pattern. An association between intracardiac gas and hepatic parenchymal gas could distinguish between post-mortem-generated gas and vital air embolism. We propose that this finding provides a key for diagnosing death due to cardiac air embolism.

Image-Derived Input Function from the Vena Cava for 18F-FDG PET Studies in Rats and Mice.

Measurement of arterial input function is a restrictive aspect for quantitative (18)F-FDG PET studies in rodents because of their small total blood volume and the related difficulties in withdrawing blood.

Superior vena cava syndrome caused by invasive epidermoid carcinoma.

Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Malignant SVC syndrome is generally considered a contraindication to curative resection, although palliative bypasses are done for symptoms that do not respond to medical therapy. However, a majority of patients with such advanced disease die of complications caused by the primary tumor rather than distant metastasis. We present the case of one patient with lung cancer invading the mediastinal structures. Combined resection and replacement of the SVC with a segment of Dacron vascular graft was performed. Postoperative survival time was 24 months.

O enfermeiro e o amputado: a qualidade de vida do utente amputado o membro inferior

O presente estudo foi elaborado no âmbito da disciplina de Seminários Avançados em Enfermagem I e Investigação Científica. Desenvolveu-se uma investigação de cariz qualitativa, cujo objectivo geral foi o de analisar se as intervenções de enfermagem promovem a qualidade de vida do utente amputado o membro inferior no serviço da Cirurgia do Hospital Baptista de Sousa, recorrendo-se para o efeito a entrevistas semiestruturadas e a observação participante a sete enfermeiros do serviço. O conceito amputação veio sofrendo transformações desde a antiguidade, onde a prática do procedimento era feita de forma rudimentar, baseada apenas numa cirurgia sem nenhum cuidado. Surge então o interesse em tentar compreender e identificar o significado da qualidade de vida nas pessoas sujeitas a uma amputação e verificar a interferência dos cuidados sobre a qualidade de vida das mesmas durante o período de internamento na perspectiva do enfermeiro. Várias são as causas que podem levar a amputação do membro inferior e uma das principais é a Diabetes Mellitus, sendo que esta era considerada uma doença dos idosos, porque atingia mais a camada idosa. No entanto o que se verifica é que hoje esta doença tem vindo a atingir cada vez mais os jovens devido aos comportamentos de risco, como o tabagismo, o uso abusivo do álcool, o sedentarismo, entre outros. Com a presente investigação chegou-se a conclusão que de facto os enfermeiros do serviço de Cirurgia detêm conhecimentos técnicos e científicos para cuidar do utente amputado, conhecem os preceitos ligados a temática qualidade de vida, mas no entanto nos cuidados diários não se evidencia uma qualidade máxima na sua prestação. Os cuidados são básicos de forma geral, não havendo uma especificação quando o cuidar é para uma pessoa amputada o membro inferior. Salienta-se também que o espaço do serviço revela-se insuficiente para garantir uma maximização dessa qualidade de vida durante o internamento, bem como os recursos materiais e humanos. Todavia graças ao sistema, designada enfermagem de proximidade, os enfermeiros têm tarefas específicas, acabando por ficar mais tempo junto dos utentes, o que facilita na melhoria futura dessa qualidade de vida dos utentes internados.

Influência da adição de fósforo no índice de compressão e parâmetros de consistência de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro

A adsorção de fosfato pelo solo pode causar a dispersão de partículas, alterando sua porosidade e a relação solo-água, especialmente em solos oxídicos. Portanto, parâmetros do solo variáveis com o conteúdo de água, como os limites de consistência e índices de compressão, podem, indiretamente, ser influenciados pela adsorção desse íon. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adsorção de fosfato no índice de compressão e nos limites de consistência de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro da microrregião dos Campos da Mantiqueira (MG), Brasil. Amostras do solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-0,03 m e 0,27-0,30 m. Metade das amostras recebeu fosfato durante a fase de pré-umedecimento no laboratório, com P suficiente para atingir a capacidade de adsorção. Foram determinados os limites de consistência e o índice de compressão, este representado pela inclinação da reta de compressão virgem da curva de compressão. Os valores do índice de compressão foram mais elevados para a camada superficial, tanto na condição com P quanto na sem P, significando maior predisposição à compactação. Os limites de consistência e o índice de compressão foram mais elevados para condição com P. Embora o teor de água ótimo para a maior resposta à compactação esteja dentro da faixa de plasticidade na camada superficial, o que significa menor risco de compactação com o solo preparado na faixa de friável, o solo ainda seria susceptível à compactação, uma vez que esses valores estão na faixa de friabilidade para a camada de 0,27-0,30 m; camada esta que coincide com a profundidade de corte de alguns dos implementos de preparo do solo.