The effect of social security, health, demography and technology on retirement

This article studies the determinants of the labor force participation of the elderly and investigates the factors that may account for the increase in retirement in the second half of the last century. We develop a life-cycle general equilibrium model with endogenous retirement that embeds Social Security legislation and Medicare. Individuals are ex ante heterogeneous with respect to their preferences for leisure and face uncertainty about labor productivity, health status and out-of-pocket medical expenses. The model is calibrated to the U.S. economy in 2000 and is able to reproduce very closely the retirement behavior of the American population. It reproduces the peaks in the distribution of Social Security applications at ages 62 and 65 and the observed facts that low earners and unhealthy individuals retire earlier. It also matches very closely the increase in retirement from 1950 to 2000. Changes in Social Security policy - which became much more generous - and the introduction of Medicare account for most of the expansion of retirement. In contrast, the isolated impact of the increase in longevity was a delaying of retirement.

Communication and synchronized molting in a colonial araneid spider, Eriophora bistriata

The colonial orb-weaving spider, Eriophora bistriata, coordinates molting cycles through communication. Colonies with differing molting cycles synchronize when combined. Intercycle intervals depend upon food availability. The possible coordination of this synchrony by chemical communication among spiders is discussed. © 1988 Birkhäuser Verlag Basel.

Science and technology policies in open economies: the case of Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Innovation and technology policy (ITP) for catching up: a three phase life cycle framework for industrializing economies

Includes bibliography

Science and technology for sustainable development: a Latin American perspective

This publication, compiled by Gilberto C. Gallopín, Regional Adviser in Environmental Policy for Latin America and the Caribbean, contains the results of the deliberations of the Latin American and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development. The purpose of the Workshop was to discuss the practical, theoretical and organizational challenges that the quest for sustainable development poses to science and technology (S&T). The increase in complexity and connectivity characteristic of our times results in that the components of the problems are now much less separable than before, and emphasizes the need to approach the problems of development and the environment not only as complex issues in themselves, but also as inseparable and mutually determined. This represents an exceptional challenge to science and technology, particularly to the analytical approaches compartmentalized into disciplines, which represents the bulk of activities and priorities of current S&T systems in both north and south. The Workshop attempted to articulate a Latin American and Caribbean vision towards the search of more effective ways of generating and applying Science and Technology to the problems and opportunities of the region.

Sustainable development: epistemological challenges to science and technology. Report of the workshop Sustainable Development: Epistemological Challenges to Science and Technology""

Includes bibliography

Technical change and technology policy: the case of numerically controlled lathes in Argentina

Includes bibliography

Science and technology policy and the National Innovation System in Argentina

Includes bibliography

Education, communication and culture in the information society: a Latin American perspective

Includes bibliography

Internationalization and technology in MERCOSUR

Includes bibliography

Informe del Noveno Período de Sesiones del Comité de Expertos Gubernamentales de Alto Nivel, dedicado a la ciencia y la tecnología para el desarrollo = Report of the Ninth Session of the Committee of High-Level Government Experts: science and technology for development

Presenta la organizacion de los trabajos y el resumen de los debates de la reunion del CEGAN, realizada en Montevideo entre el 23 y el 24 de enero de 1984 en la cual se trataron la evaluacion de la aplicacion del Programa de Accion de Viena sobre ciencia y tecnologia para el desarrollo en America Latina, las propuestas de medidas y acciones futuras y las recomendaciones a los organos internacionales y regionales.