998 resultados para Cinética enzimática


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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated chewing in the laboratory on the survival of seeds of four tropical forage legumes (butterfly pea, Clitorea ternatea; estilosantes, Stylosanthes capitata/S. macrocephala 'Campo Grande; archer, Macrotyloma axillare and perennial soybean, Neonotonia wightii) submitted to different periods of acid enzymatic digestion in vitro. Three trials were conducted to observe the percentage of destroyed seeds by the mastication; to compare the germination of the seeds (intact seeds, simulated mastication, scarification with sandpaper, mastication and scarification with sandpaper). And, finally the seeds were incubated at 39oC with hydrochloric acid and pepsin for: 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. The percentages of not destroyed seeds in mastication (archer, 91,5; perennial soybean, 88.0; butterfly pea, 82.1, and estilo, 81.1), associated with the beneficial effects of scarification on germination (64.7, 60.0, 92.0 e 87.3%, respectively) and the effects of time of acid-enzymatic digestion (75% higher if they stay 24 hours in HCl + pepsin) associated to the hard and not permeable coats of legume seeds, allow a high potential for resistance, and to pass intact through the digestive tract of cattle, being able to germinate when defecated in the pastures. However, estilo should not be included in the feeding of cattle for this purpose, because it do not resists the acid-enzyme digestion.

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The drying of grapefruit seeds, by-products from grapefruit processing, was studied at 40, 50, 60 and 70°C and at three air velocities, 0.6, 1.0 and 1.4 m s-1. Sorption isotherms of grapefruit seeds were obtained at each temperature by the static method using saturated salt solutions. The Henderson model adequately described the sorption isotherms, over the entire temperature range. Drying rates indicated that the drying of grapefruit seeds took place under the falling rate period. Effective moisture diffusivity in grapefruit seeds ranged from 4.36 × 10-10 to 6.82 × 10-10 m2 s-1. The temperature dependence of the effective diffusivity followed an Arrhenius relationship, and the activation energies were 12.23, 11.29 and 11.79 kJ mol-1 for dried grapefruit seeds under air velocities of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.4 m s-1, respectively. Three thin-layer models were used to predict the drying curves, Page, Lewis, and Henderson-Pabis model. The Page model presented the best fit for all drying air temperatures and velocities studied.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)