P-100. Habits and prevalence of lesions in an oral cancer prevention program

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and characterises of oral lesion in individuals that participated in an Oral Cancer Prevention Program, and also to verify the habits related to tobacco, alcoholic beverages and sun screen. Methods: Seven-hundred and thirty-eight subjects were examined (354 women and 384 men), in Valparaiso, S.P., Brazil. A questionaire was used for the interview for information about habits and characteristics of the lesions. Results: The data showed that 11 % of the subjects had lesions, 13.58% extra oral, and 86.42% intraoral, mainly located in the buccal mucosa, alveolar ridge and floor of mouth. These subjects were sent to the Oral Oncology Center of UNESP-School of Dentistry. As for the habits, 24% smoke (57.7% of them smoke more than 10 cigarettes per day), and 21.4% drink alcoholic beverage frequently. Only 43% used sun screen. Conclusion: According to the results the population has to be aware of lesions, particularly with regard to oral cancer prevention.

Efeitos do tabagismo nos parâmetros seminais

Objectives: We performed a study to evaluate the adverse effects of smoker patient on semen parameters. Material and Methods: We studied retrospective 238 semen specimen, 115 from men smoking and 123 from men nosmoking. Sperm concentration, motility, morphology and vitality were confront in statistic test. Results: In 31% smoke between 1 and 10 cigarettes per day, 26% smoked 10 and 19 per day, 42% smoke more than 20 per day. The distribution of heavy smokes and light smokes did not differ statistically between the groups. Only a significant difference found between smoker and controls, there was about motility, morphology. There is difference in vitality and concentration per ml. Conclusions: This study indicates only a minor effect of smoker patient on male subfertility. Although smokers as a group may not experience reduced fertility, men with marginal semen quality may benefit from quitting smoking.

Effects of cigarette smoke on the Meckel's cartilage of rat fetus : Morphologic, morphometric and stereologic study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke on the development of the embryo mandible (Meckel's) cartilage in rat fetuses. When inhaled by female Wistar rats between the 9th and the 12th day of pregnancy, cigarette smoke (5 cigarettes a day) caused intrauterine growth retardation, providing smaller fetuses and placentas. In fetuses from the experimental group, the histopathologic examination revealed a poorly developed Meckel' s cartilage with smaller chondroblasts showing a scanty cytoplasm with spherical and paler central nuclei, as well as more abundant cartilage matrix. Morphometric analysis revealed that Meckel's cartilage lacunae were smaller in the fetuses from the experimental group, although not showing any remarkable alteration in shape. The results suggested that inhalation of cigarette smoke by pregnant rats during the organogenic period induced growth retardation and delayed cellular differentiation in rat fetal Meckel's cartilage.

Cytologic analysis of alterations induced by smoking and by alcohol consumption

Objective: To analyze cytologically the buccal mucosa of smoking and nonsmoking volunteers to determine what cellular changes are induced by cigarettes and alcohol consumption. Study Design: In order to evaluate cellular changes induced by smoking and alcohol consumption, exfoliative cytology was used for the analysis of mucosal smears obtained from the buccal mucosa of 25 smokers and 25 nonsmokers. The number of cigarettes consumed, duration of smoking, presence or absence of alcohol ingestion, ingested alcohol dose and frequency of consumption, and most frequently used type of alcoholic beverage were determined using a questionnaire. Three smears from each individual stained by the Papanicolaou method were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively under a light microscope by 2 experienced examiners in terms of inflammatory and dysplastic alterations and of the degree of epithelial maturation. Results: Although numerous alterations were observed in smokers they corresponded up to only Papanicolaou class II and were not significantly different from nonsmokers (Mann-Whitney and χ 2 tests, p < 0.05). A higher proportion of inflammatory cells (polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells) were obtained from smokers as compared to nonsmokers, while the proportion of bacteria was similar in the 2 groups. Conclusion: The findings indicate that even after a short period of cigarette use and alcohol consumption, inflammatory alterations were detectable on exfoliative cytology of the buccal mucosa in a young group, demonstrating the usefulness of cytology for early detection in smokers. © The International Academy of Cytology.

Smoking enhances bone loss in anterior teeth in a Brazilian population: A retrospective cross-sectional study

The aim of the present study was to radiographically evaluate the effect of smoking on bone loss resulting from chronic periodontitis. Periapical radiographs were analyzed of 80 patients with chronic periodontitis (40 current or former smokers and 40 never-smokers) that attended a private periodontal practice. The smokers or former-smokers with a minimum consumption of 10 cigarettes/day for a period of over 10 years were selected. Interproximal radiographic bone loss was considered as the distance between the cementum-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest. Bone loss for smokers was higher than that observed in never-smokers (p < 0.05) (3.33 ± 1.09 mm and 2.24 ± 0.76 mm; mean ± standard deviation for smokers and non-smokers, respectively). When each region of the mouth was comparatively evaluated, it was observed that the smokers' incisors presented the highest bone loss when compared with the other groups of teeth (p < 0.01). Within the limits of the present investigation it can be concluded that smoking enhances the bone loss resulting from periodontitis and that the incisors are the teeth most affected.

Possible mechanism by which zinc protects the testicular function of rats exposed to cigarette smoke

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in testicular function of rats due to cigarette smoke exposure and the possible mechanism by which zinc protects against these alterations. Methods: MaleWistar rats (60 days old) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (G1, n = 10); exposed to cigarette smoke (G2, n = 10; 20 cigarettes/day/9 weeks) and exposed to cigarette smoke and supplemented with zinc (G3, n = 8; 20 cigarettes/day/9 weeks; 20 mg/kg zinc chloride daily for 9 weeks, by gavage). After the treatment period, the animals were euthanized, and materials were collected for analyses. Results: G2 rats showed a reduction in body mass; impaired sperm concentration, motility, morphology and vitality; and increased malonaldehyde and thiol group levels and superoxide dismutase activity as compared to G1. Zinc prevented the reduction of sperm concentration and the excessive increase of lipid peroxidation and induced an increase in plasma testosterone levels, wet weight of testis and thiol group concentration. Conclusions: Exposure to cigarette smoke led to harmful effects on testicular function at least partially due to the exacerbation of oxidative stress. Supplementary zinc had an important modulator/protector effect on certain parameters. The mechanism of zinc protection can be through an increase of SH concentration. Thus, zinc supplementation may be a promising addition to conventional treatments for male infertility related to smoking. Copyright © 2012 by Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences.

Effects of Cigarette Smoking Intensity on the Mucociliary Clearance of Active Smokers

Background: Smoking impairs mucociliary clearance and increases respiratory infection frequency and severity in subjects with and without smoking-related chronic lung diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of smoking intensity on mucociliary clearance in active smokers. Methods: Seventy-five active smokers were grouped into light (1-10 cigarettes/day; n = 14), moderate (11-20 cigarettes/day; n = 34) and heavy smokers (≥21 cigarettes/day; n = 27) before starting a smoking cessation programme. Smoking behaviour, nicotine dependence, pulmonary function, carbon monoxide in exhaled air (exCO), carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) and mucociliary clearance measured by the saccharin transit time (STT) test were all evaluated. An age-matched non-smoker group (n = 24) was assessed using the same tests. Results: Moderate (49 ± 7 years) and heavy smokers (46 ± 8 years) had higher STT (p = 0.0001), exCO (p < 0.0001) and COHb (p < 0.0001) levels compared with light smokers (51 ± 15 years) and non-smokers (50 ± 11 years). A positive correlation was observed between STT and exCO (r = 0.4; p < 0.0001), STT and cigarettes/day (r = 0.3, p = 0.02) and exCO and cigarettes/day (r = 0.3, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Smoking impairs mucociliary clearance and is associated with cigarette smoking intensity. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Morphologic and biomechanical changes of thoracic and abdominal aorta in a rat model of cigarette smoke exposure

Background: Smoking is the most relevant environmental factor that affects the development of aortic aneurysm. Smokers have elevated levels of elastase activity in the arterial wall, which leads to weakening of the aorta. The aim of this study was to verify whether cigarette smoke exposure itself is capable of altering the aortic wall. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 2-, 4-, and 6-month experimental periods and into 2 groups: smokers (submitted to smoke exposure at a rate of 40 cigarettes/day) and nonsmokers. At the end of the experimental periods, the aortas were removed and cross-sectioned to obtain histologic specimens for light microscopic and morphometric analyses. The remaining longitudinal segments were stretched to rupture and mechanical parameters were determined. Results: A degenerative process (i.e., a reduction in elastic fibers, the loss of lamellar arrangement, and a reduction of smooth muscle cells) was observed, and this effect was proportional in intensity to the period of tobacco exposure. We observed a progressive reduction in the yield point of the thoracic aorta over time (P < 0.05). There was a decrease in stiffness (P < 0.05) and in failure load (P < 0.05) at 6 months in the abdominal aorta of rats in the smoking group. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to tobacco smoke can affect the mechanical properties of the aorta and can also provoke substantial structural changes of the arterial wall. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Transporte mucociliar e atividade física na vida diária de fumantes saudáveis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do tabagismo passivo e do exercício físico associado sobre a expressão de transportador de glicose GLUT4 em músculos de ratos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da cafeína e do cádmio na próstata do rato wistar púbere: proliferação e morte de células epiteliais e alterações estromais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos da exposiçao à fumaça de cigarro e a ingestão crônica de etanol sobre a mucosas da língua e da faringe: estudo histopatológico em ratos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do efeito da fumaça do cigarro na translucidez da resina composta: influência do selante da superfície e da escovação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Função testicular de raos expostos à fumaça do cigarro e possível papel protetor do zinco: análises seminais, morfológicas e moleculares

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo clínico e radiográfico do nível da crista óssea alveolar em pacientes fumantes

Pós-graduação em Biopatologia Bucal - ICT