La Influencia de la percepción de la piel en la determinación de la belleza del rostro según el canon de belleza femenino de China y España

En aquest treball s’ha volgut estudiar la influència de la percepció de la pell en la determinació de la bellesa del rostre segons el canon de bellesa femení a la Xina i a Espanya. L’elecció d’aquests dos països, i cultures, ens ha permès estudiar com un mateix producte ha de presentar-se de manera diferent atenent al pape que juga la claredat de la pell del rostre i l’existència de taques segons el cànon de bellesa femení pres com a referència. Hem centrat la nostra atenció en la reconducció dels missatges a les xarxes socials i fòrums d’internet en els quals es parla de bellesa i salud. Per a això, s’han escollit quatre plataformes: Bbs.pclady.com, Enfenemino.com, Weibo.com, Twitter.com

The Energy metabolism of China and India between 1971-2010: studying the bifurcation

This paper presents a comparison of the changes in the energetic metabolic pattern of China and India, the two most populated countries in the world, with two economies undergoing an important economic transition. The comparison of the changes in the energetic metabolic pattern has the scope to characterize and explain a bifurcation in their evolutionary path in the recent years, using the Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) approach. The analysis shows an impressive transformation of China’s energy metabolism determined by the joining of the WTO in 2001. Since then, China became the largest factory of the world with a generalized capitalization of all sectors ―especially the industrial sector― boosting economic labor productivity as well as total energy consumption. India, on the contrary, lags behind when considering these factors. Looking at changes in the household sector (energy metabolism associated with final consumption) in the case of China, the energetic metabolic rate (EMR) soared in the last decade, also thanks to a reduced growth of population, whereas in India it remained stagnant for the last 40 years. This analysis indicates a big challenge for India for the next decade. In the light of the data analyzed both countries will continue to require strong injections of technical capital requiring a continuous increase in their total energy consumption. When considering the size of these economies it is easy to guess that this may induce a dramatic increase in the price of energy, an event that at the moment will penalize much more the chance of a quick economic development of India.

Hepatics from northwestern Sichuan,China, with a checklist of Sichuan hepatics

Sinikka Piippo, Xiao-Lan He and Timo Koponen

¿Qué debería hacer una empresa occidental para publicitarse en China?

Aquest treball de final de carrera analitza com les empreses occidentals haurien de publicitar-se a la Xina. De la mateixa manera, s’estudia el mercat chinès en la seva totalitat i a més d’alguns casos reals de l’èxit publicitari. El mercat chinès és molt dinàmic i diferent als mercats occidentals. Això comporta una gran dificultat d’adaptacióper part de les empreses occidentals. Per això és necessari fer un análisis detallat del mercat, els seus mitjans de comunicació, el partit comunista que goberna, de l’àmbit socio-cultural i la importancia de potenciar la marca. Aquest treball finalitza amb l’explicació de l’èxit publicitari de diverses empreses occidentals. Un referent internacional com Coca-Cola, un sector amb molta rellevança com el luxe exclusiu dominat per Louis Vuitton i un mercat amb molt de potencial per a les empreses españoles com l’oli d’oliva il.lustrat amb Borges. Tot aquest treball ens convida a reflexionar sobre la diferencia d’actuació entre dos móns diferents com són els països occidentals i la China. Mentre el sector publicitari europeu s’atura, el chinès no deixa de créixer.

Oportunidades de negocio para empresas españolas en Brasil, India y China

Brasil, Índia i Xina són algunes de les economies anomenades a ser potències mundials en els propers anys. Són països que estan experimentant un creixement *inigualable per altres nacions i que posseeixen molts recursos naturals, amplis territoris i una recent classe mitjana que demanda nous productes i serveis. Aquest fet, en un panorama de crisi global com l'actual, convida voler invertir immediatament en aquests països. Com a conseqüència de les grans extensions territorials, les àrees de negoci han de ser detectades de forma efectiva com a factor clau per augmentar les possibilitats d'èxit empresarial, juntament amb la bona pràctica dels protocols i normes esteses a Brasil, Índia i Xina. L'estudi de les formes d'establiment més adequades a l'empresa de l'inversor en potència i l'estudi dels sectors més competitius en cada economia són també aspectes determinants, entre molts altres que es desenvolupen en aquest treball. Brasil, Índia i Xina són nacions molt complexes, amb característiques semblants i unes altres totalment diferents. Moltes d'elles seran analitzades en aquest treball per tal proporcionar una resposta ferma a la pregunta de molts inversors: Existeixen realment oportunitats empresarials en països com Brasil, Xina o Índia?

Multiple plume events in the genesis of the peri-Caribbean Cretaceous oceanic plateau province

The oceanic crust fragments exposed in central America, in north-western South America, and in the Caribbean islands have been considered to represent accreted remnants of the Caribbean-Colombian Oceanic Plateau (CCOP). On the basis of trace element and Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions we infer that cumulate rocks, basalts, and diabases from coastal Ecuador have a different source than the basalts from the Dominican Republic. The latter suite includes the 86 Ma basalts of the Duarte Complex which are light rare earth element (REE) -enriched and display (relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts, NMORB) moderate enrichments in large ion lithophile elements, together with high Nb, Ta, Pb, and low Th contents. Moreover, they exhibit a rather restricted range of Nd and Pb isotopic ratios consistent with their derivation from an ocean island-type mantle source, the composition of which includes the HIMU (high U-238/Pb-204) component characteristic of the Galapagos hotspot. In contrast, the 123 Ma Ecuadorian oceanic rocks have flat REE patterns and (relative to NMORB) are depleted in Zr, Hf, Th, and U. Moreover, they show a wide range of Nd and Pb isotopic ratios intermediate between those of ocean island basalts and NMORB. It is unlikely, on geochemical grounds, that the plume source of the Ecuadorian fragments was similar to that of the Galapagos. In addition, because of the NNE motion of the Farallon plate during the Early Cretaceous, the Ecuadorian oceanic plateau fragments could not have been derived from the Galapagos hotspot but were likely formed at a ridge-centered or near-ridge hotspot somewhere in the SE Pacific.

The contribution of the young Cretaceous Caribbean Oceanic Plateau to the genesis of late Cretaceous arc magmatism in the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador

The eastern part of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador comprises thick buoyant oceanic plateaus associated with island-arc tholeiites and subduction-related calc-alkaline series, accreted to the Ecuadorian Continental Margin from Late Cretaceous to Eocene times. One of these plateau sequences, the Guaranda Oceanic Plateau is considered as remnant of the Caribbean-Colombian Oceanic Province (CCOP) accreted to the Ecuadorian Margin in the Maastrichtien. Samples studied in this paper were taken from four cross-sections through two arc-sequences in the northern part of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador, dated as (Rio Cala) or ascribed to (Macuchi) the Late Cretaceous and one arc-like sequence in the Chogon-Colonche Cordillera (Las Orquideas). These three island-arcs can clearly be identified and rest conformably on the CCOP. In all four localities, basalts with abundant large clinopyroxene phenocrysts can be found, mimicking a picritic or ankaramitic facies. This mineralogical particularity, although not uncommon in island arc lavas, hints at a contribution of the CCOP in the genesis of these island arc rocks. The complete petrological and geochemical study of these rocks reveals that some have a primitive island-arc nature (MgO values range from 6 to 11 wt.%). Studied samples display marked Nb, Ta and Ti negative anomalies relative to the adjacent elements in the spidergrams characteristic of subductionrelated magmatism. These rocks are LREE-enriched and their clinopyroxenes show a tholeiitic affinity (FeO(1)-TiO(2) enrichment and CaO depletion from core to rim within a single crystal). The four sampled cross-sections through the island-arc sequences display homogeneous initial Nd, and Pb isotope ratios that suggest a unique mantellic source for these rocks resulting from the mixing of three components: an East-Pacific MORB end-member, an enriched pelagic sediment component, and a HIMU component carried by the CCOP. Indeed, the ankaramite and Mg-basalt sequences that form part of the Caribbean-Colombian Oceanic Plateau are radiogenically enriched in (206)Pb/(204)Pb and (207)Pb/(204)Pb and contain a HIMU component similar to that observed in the Gorgona basalts and Galapagos lavas. The subduction zone that generated the Late Cretaceous arcs occurred far from the continental margin, in an oceanic environment. This implies that no terrigenous detrital sediments interacted with the source at this period. Thus, the enriched component can only result from the melting of subducted pelagic sediments. We have thus defined the East-Pacific MORB, enriched (cherts, pelagic sediments) and HIMU components in an attempt to constrain and model the genesis of the studied island-arc magmatism, using a compilation of carefully selected isotopic data from literature according to rock age and paleogeographic location at the time of arc edification. Tripolar mixing models reveal that proportions of 12-15 wt.% of the HIMU component, 7-15 wt.% of the pelagic sediment end-member and 70-75 wt.% of an East-pacific MORB end-member are needed to explain the measured isotope ratios. These surprisingly high proportions of the HIMU/CCOP component could be explained by the young age of the oceanic plateau (5-15 Ma) during the Late Cretaceous arc emplacement. The CCOP, basement of these arc sequences, was probably still hot and easily assimilated at the island-arc lava source. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved,

Chronofunctions of Heilu soil developed from Loess in Luochuan, on the chinese Loess plateau

Soil chronofunctions are an alternative for the quantification of soil-forming processes and underlie the modeling of soil genesis. To establish soil chronofunctions of a Heilu soil profile on Loess in Luochuan, selected soil properties and the 14C ages in the Holocene were studied. Linear, logarithmic, and third-order polynomial functions were selected to fit the relationships between soil properties and ages. The results indicated that third-order polynomial function fit best for the relationships between clay (< 0.002 mm), silt (0.002-0.02 mm), sand (0.02-2 mm) and soil ages, and a trend of an Ah horizon ocurrence in the profile. The logarithmic function indicated mainly variations of soil organic carbon and pH with time (soil age). The variation in CaCO3 content, Mn/Zr, Fe/Zr, K/Zr, Mg/Zr, Ca/Zr, P/Zr, and Na/Zr ratios with soil age were best described by three-order polynomial functions, in which the trend line showed migration of CaCO3 and some elements.

[Illustrations de Descriptio ac delineatio geographica detectionis freti supra terras Americanas in China atque, Japonem ducturi] / [Non identifié] ; Henry Hudson, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Fig. au verso de la Page de Titre : un trois-mâts, enseigne de l'imprimeur.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [pl. double après le Titre :] Planisphère. [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Carte double et dépl. après le Prologue : carte nautique de l'Atlantique Nord. Blason armorié avec devise "Dieu est mon droit".] Tabula Nautica (...). [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Fig. après folio C2 : un Samoyède sur son traineau. Idoles vôtives.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Carte dépl. et double avant folio C3 : carte de l'Arctique.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Fig. au verso du Second Titre : un trois-mâts, enseigne de l'imprimeur.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Carte double en reg. folio A2 : carte du Pôle, Norvège, Groënland, Nouvelle-Zélande etc.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [pl. double après p.16 : morses du grand Nord. Région du Spitzsberghe.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Fig. p.18 : baleine du cercle polaire. Région du Spitzsberghe.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140]

Effects of erosion and deposition on particle size distribution of deposited farmland soils on the chinese loess plateau

Particle size distribution (PSD) in the soil profile is strongly related to erosion, deposition, and physical and chemical processes. Water cycling and plant growth are also affected by PSD. Material sedimented upstream of the dam constructions formed large areas of deposited farmland (DF) soils on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), which has been the site of the most severe soil erosion in the world. Two DFs without tillage on the CLP were chosen to study the combined effect of erosion and check dams on PSD. Eighty-eight layers (each 10 cm thick) of filled deposited farmland (FDF) soils and 22 layers of silting deposited farmland (SDF) soils of each studied soil profile were collected and 932 soil samples were investigated using laser granulometry. The particle sizes were stratified in both DFs based on soil properties and erosion resistance. The obtained results of clay and silt fractions showed similar horizontal distribution, indicating parallel characteristics of erosion and deposition processes. Fine sand represented the largest fraction, suggesting the preferential detachment of this fraction. The most erodible range of particle sizes was 0.25-0.5 mm, followed by 0.2-0.25 mm in the studied soil profiles. The correlation between particle size and soil water contents tended to increase with increasing water contents in FDF. Due to the abundant shallow groundwater, the relationship between particle size and soil water content in SDF was lost. Further studies on PSD in the DF area are needed to enhance the conservation management of soil and water resources in this region.

Quantitative Assessment of Soil Physical Quality in Northern China Based on S-theory

ABSTRACT Quantitative assessment of soil physical quality is of great importance for eco-environmental pollution and soil quality studies. In this paper, based on the S-theory, data from 16 collection sites in the Haihe River Basin in northern China were used, and the effects of soil particle size distribution and bulk density on three important indices of theS-theory were investigated on a regional scale. The relationships between unsaturated hydraulic conductivityKi at the inflection point and S values (S/hi) were also studied using two different types of fitting equations. The results showed that the polynomial equation was better than the linear equation for describing the relationships between -log Ki and -logS, and -log Kiand -log (S/hi)2; and clay content was the most important factor affecting the soil physical quality index (S). The variation in the S index according to soil clay content was able to be fitted using a double-linear-line approach, with decrease in the S index being much faster for clay content less than 20 %. In contrast, the bulk density index was found to be less important than clay content. The average S index was 0.077, indicating that soil physical quality in the Haihe River Basin was good.