Tracking leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) during consecutive inter-nesting intervals: Further support for direct transmitter attachment

Over recent years there have been substantial efforts to record and interpret the post-nesting movements of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) breeding in tropical regions. Less well documented are the movements undertaken by individual turtles during the breeding season itself, or more specifically between sequential nesting events. Such movements are of interest for two reasons: (1) gravid female leatherbacks may range extensively into the territorial waters and nesting beaches of neighbouring countries, raising questions for conservationists and population ecologists; and (2) the magnitude of movements themselves help elucidate underlying reproductive strategies (e.g. whether to rest near to the nesting or forage extensively). Here, satellite relay data loggers are used (SRDLs) to detail the movements and behaviour of two female leatherback turtles throughout three consecutive inter-nesting intervals in the Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies. Both near-shore residence and extensive inter-nesting movements were recorded, contrasting previous studies, with movements away from the nesting beach increasing towards the end of the nesting season. Using this behavioural study as a backdrop, the suitability of attaching satellite transmitters directly to the carapace was additionally explored as an alternative approach to conventional harness deployments. Specifically, the principal aims were to (1) gather empirical data on speed of travel and (2) assess dive performance (aerobic dive limit) to enable comparisons with turtles previously fitted with harnesses elsewhere in the Caribbean (n = 6 turtles; Grenada, WI). This produced mixed results with animals bearing directly attached transmitters travelling significantly faster (55.21 km day(-1): SD 6.68) than harnessed individuals (39.80 km day(-1); SD 6.19); whilst no discernable difference in dive performance could be found between the two groups of study animals. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Carbon chemistry in Galactic bulge planetary nebulae

Galactic bulge planetary nebulae show evidence of mixed chemistry with emission from both silicate dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This mixed chemistry is unlikely to be related to carbon dredge-up, as third dredge-up is not expected to occur in the low-mass bulge stars. We show that the phenomenon is widespread and is seen in 30 nebulae out of 40 of our sample, selected on the basis of their infrared flux. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images and Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) spectra show that the mixed chemistry is not related to the presence of emission-line stars, as it is in the Galactic disc population. We also rule out interaction with the interstellar medium (ISM) as origin of the PAHs. Instead, a strong correlation is found with morphology and the presence of a dense torus. A chemical model is presented which shows that hydrocarbon chains can form within oxygen-rich gas through gas-phase chemical reactions. The model predicts two layers, one at A_V~ 1.5, where small hydrocarbons form from reactions with C+, and one at A_V~ 4, where larger chains (and by implication, PAHs) form from reactions with neutral, atomic carbon. These reactions take place in a mini-photon-dominated region (PDR). We conclude that the mixed-chemistry phenomenon occurring in the Galactic bulge planetary nebulae is best explained through hydrocarbon chemistry in an ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated, dense torus.

Galactic Bulge PNe:Carbon molecules in oxygen-rich environments

Galactic bulge planetary nebulae show evidence of mixed chemistry with emission from both silicate dust and PAHs. This mixed chemistry is unlikely to be related to carbon dredge up, as third dredge-up is not expected to occur in the low mass bulge stars. We show that the phenomenon is widespread, and is seen in 30 nebulae out of our sample of 40. A strong correlation is found between strength of the PAH bands and morphology, in particular, the presence of a dense torus. A chemical model is presented which shows that hydrocarbon chains can form within oxygen-rich gas through gas-phase chemical reactions. We conclude that the mixed chemistry phenomenon occurring in the galactic bulge planetary nebulae is best explained through hydrocarbon chemistry in an UV-irradiated, dense torus. © 2012 International Astronomical Union.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the ethnic density effect in psychotic disorders

A number of studies have found an ethnic density effect in psychotic disorders, where the incidence for ethnic minorities increases as the neighbourhood proportional ethnic composition decreases [Morgan and Hutchinson, Psychol Med 40:705-709, (2010); Singh, Psychol Med 39:1402-1403, (2009); Schofield et al., Psychol Med 41:1263-1269, (2010)]. However, there is a mixed picture with some studies reporting no effect [Schofield et al., Psychol Med 41:1263-1269, (2010)]. This review aimed to establish the existence of the effect by answering the review question: is there an ethnic density dose effect in the prevalence of psychotic disorders?

Correlação entre argamassas e betões com base em análise reométrica

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a correlação no estado fresco e no estado endurecido entre argamassas e betões com pozolanas, nomeadamente, um metacaulino e uma diatomite. Este trabalho procurou também otimizar a utilização dos materiais pozolânicos na produção de argamassas e betões. O estudo do comportamento reológico inicia-se com a avaliação da argamassa padrão e do betão padrão, utilizando para tal reómetros adequados a cada material. O comportamento reológico das argamassas com pozolanas foi analisado em função do comportamento da argamassa padrão. Verificou-se que é possível ajustar o comportamento reológico de argamassas com pozolanas ao comportamento da argamassa padrão e, deste modo, obter-se também betões correspondentes (com pozolanas) dentro do intervalo de trabalhabilidade pretendido e pré-definido para o betão padrão. Também foi possível concluir que, até um determinado teor de material pozolânico, se verificava uma correlação entre os parâmetros reológicos (viscosidade e tensão de cedência) das argamassas e os seus betões correspondentes. Na caracterização das argamassas e betões no estado endurecido, verificou-se a existência de uma correlação entre a resistência à compressão das argamassas e as resistências dos betões correspondentes para a maioria das formulações. Quando o ajuste de trabalhabilidade foi efetuado através da alteração do teor de água, apenas as formulações com metacaulino apresentavam uma relação linear entre as resistências das argamassas e a dos betões correspondentes. Usando um agente redutor de água de amassadura para o ajuste de trabalhabilidade, as formulações com metacaulino continuam a apresentar uma relação linear entre as resistências das argamassas e as resistências dos betões. As formulações mistas, com metacaulino e diatomite, também apresentam uma relação linear entre o valor das resistências das argamassas e dos betões. As composições com diatomite não mostram esta relação linear entre a resistência das argamassas e a resistência dos betões, embora exista uma correlação entre elas. O estudo de algumas propriedades no estado endurecido de betões mostrou que a utilização de água como elemento de ajuste de trabalhabilidade diminui sempre a resistência à compressão dos betões com o aumento do teor em pozolana. O uso de um agente redutor de água de amassadura, principalmente no caso da utilização do metacaulino, aumenta a resistência dos betões face ao padrão devido à sua maior reatividade pozolânica relativamente à diatomite. Estas tendências para os resultados observados na resistência mecânica foram também visíveis no módulo de elasticidade e justificáveis pela evolução da microestrutura avaliada conjuntamente por porosimetria, análises térmicas e microscopia eletrónica de varrimento. Finalmente, no estudo da influência dos materiais pozolânicos sobre a durabilidade dos betões, especificamente sobre a resistência à penetração de cloretos, ambas as pozolanas mostraram um efeito bloqueador à penetração de cloretos e, também aqui esse efeito foi mais evidente em composições com metacaulino e na presença de um agente redutor de água de amassadura.

Entangled semantics

In the context of monolingual and bilingual retrieval, Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS) datasets can play a dual role as knowledge bases for semantic annotations and as language-independent resources for translation. With no existing track of formal evaluations of these aspects for datasets in SKOS format, we describe a case study on the usage of the Thesaurus for the Social Sciences in SKOS format for a retrieval setup based on the CLEF 2004-2006 Domain-Specific Track topics, documents and relevance assessments. Results showed a mixed picture with significant system-level improvements in terms of mean average precision in the bilingual runs. Our experiments set a new and improved baseline for using SKOS-based datasets with the GIRT collection and are an example of component-based evaluation.

(A) BODIPY as a versatile fluorophore (B) Synthesis of PNAs via Staudinger reaction

(A) In recent years, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) fluorophores have attracted considerable interest due to their unique photochemical properties. However detailed studies on the stability of BODIPY and analogues under acidic and basic conditions have been lacking. Thus the stability of a series of BODIPY analogues in acidic (di- and trichloroacetic acid) and basic (aqueous ammonium hydroxide) conditions was investigated using 11B NMR spectroscopy. Among the analogues tested, 4,4-diphenyl BODIPY was the most stable under the conditions used in the experiments. It was found that reaction of 4,4-dimethoxy BODIPY with dichloroacetic acid gave mixed anhydride 4,4-bis(dichloroacetoxy) BODIPY in good yields. Treatment of the latter mixed anhydride with alcohols such as methanol and ethanol in the presence of a base afforded corresponding borate esters, whereas treatment with 1,2-diols such as ethylene glycol and catechol in the presence of a base gave corresponding cyclic borate esters. Furthermore treatment of 4,4-difluoro-8-methyl-BODIPY with secondary amines in dihalomethane resulted in carbon–carbon bond formation at the meso-methyl position of BODIPY via Mannich-type reactions. The resulting modified BODIPY fluorophores possess high fluorescent quantum yields. Five BODIPY analogues bearing potential ion-binding moieties were synthesized via this Mannich-type reaction. Among these, the BODIPY bearing an aza-18-crown-5 tether was found to be selective towards copper (II) ion, resulting in a large blue shift in absorption and sharp fluorescent quenching, whereas aza-15-crown-4 analogue was selected towards fluoride ion, leading to effective florescent quenching and blue shift. (B) Peptide nucleic acids (PNA), as mimics of natural nucleic acids, have been widely applied in molecular biology and biotechnology. Currently, the preparation of PNA oligomers is commonly achieved by a coupling reaction between carboxyl and amino groups in the presence of an activator. In this thesis attempts were made towards the synthesis of PNA through the Staudinger ligation reactions between C-terminal diphenylphosphinomethanethiol thioesters and N-terminal α-azido PNA building blocks.

La négociation mixte : observation de la négociation d’une convention collective

Dans le domaine des relations industrielles, on a vu apparaître, ces dernières années, différents changements au niveau des relations du travail, notamment en matière de négociation collective. En effet, de nouvelles formes de négociation ont vu le jour en réponse aux changements qui se sont produits sur le marché du travail. De façon plus précise, les théoriciens se sont penchés, d’une part, sur des méthodes de négociation moins conflictuelles et les acteurs concernés par la négociation collective ont su les mettre en pratique, d’autre part. Cependant, bien que certains aient tenté de substituer ces méthodes plus coopératives à la négociation traditionnelle de façon intégrale, les théoriciens et praticiens se sont aperçus qu’il était plutôt difficile de les adopter à l’état pur et ce, de façon alternative à la négociation traditionnelle. Afin d’optimiser les gains mutuels lors de la négociation d’une entente, les négociateurs vont plutôt opter pour un usage combiné des méthodes plus traditionnelles et des nouvelles formes dites plus coopératives; on parle alors de négociation mixte. Toutefois, peu d’études portant sur la négociation mixte ont été conduites. Nous croyons néanmoins que cette forme de négociation est plus appropriée, notamment en raison de la nature des enjeux traités à l’occasion d’une négociation collective. S’insérant dans ce contexte, l’objet de notre recherche est donc l’étude, par l’entremise d’un cas particulier, de la négociation mixte. De façon plus précise, nous cherchons à évaluer la méthode de négociation adoptée lors de la négociation collective ayant eu lieu entre le Centre de la petite enfance Pomme Soleil (CPE) et le Syndicat des intervenantes en petite enfance de Montréal (SIPEM) – CSQ en 2005. Afin d’y parvenir, nous avons vérifié les propositions et hypothèses suivantes : (1) la nature du climat des négociations précédentes a une influence sur la méthode de négociation de type mixte adoptée par les parties au cours de la négociation de la convention collective, (2) la nature du climat des relations industrielles a une influence sur la méthode de négociation de type mixte adoptée par les parties au cours de la négociation de la convention collective, (3) le passage du temps a un effet de transition sur la méthode de négociation de type mixte qui manifeste une dominante intégrative dans les étapes initiales de la négociation et une dominante distributive dans les étapes finales, (4) les négociateurs ayant reçu une formation à la négociation basée sur la résolution de problèmes ou basée sur les intérêts adoptent une méthode de négociation de type mixte à dominante intégrative, (5) l’expérience des négociateurs patronal et syndical a une influence sur la méthode de négociation de type mixte adoptée par les parties au cours de la négociation de la convention collective, (6) la stratégie de négociation initiale adoptée par les parties a une influence sur la méthode de négociation de type mixte au cours de la négociation de la convention collective et (7) la négociation des clauses à incidence pécuniaire donne lieu à une méthode de négociation de type mixte à dominante distributive. Grâce aux résultats que nous avons recueillis par l’entremise de l’observation de la négociation collective entre le CPE Pomme Soleil et le SIPEM, mais principalement par le biais des entrevues, nous sommes en mesure d’affirmer que, conformément à notre question de recherche, la négociation fut mixte, à dominante intégrative. Cependant, la question salariale, bien qu’elle ne fut pas abordée à la table de négociation mais avec le gouvernement provincial, prit une tangente distributive. En ce sens, nous pouvons dire que la négociation fut mixte et ce, de façon séquentielle.

Étudiants universitaires du Cameroun et les technologies de l’information et de la communication : usages, apprentissages et motivations

Cette étude porte sur les usages des TIC des étudiants universitaires du Cameroun. Elle se situe dans un contexte de l’enseignement supérieur camerounais en pleine mutation par les TIC. Elle vise donc à mieux comprendre les utilisations des TIC qui influencent l’apprentissage et la motivation académique chez les étudiants universitaires du Cameroun. Pour atteindre cet objectif, quatre principaux axes d’étude sont envisagés : -Les usages des TIC des étudiants universitaires camerounais; -Les perceptions des étudiants sur l’usage des TIC dans leur formation; -L’impact des TIC sur l’apprentissage des étudiants universitaires du Cameroun ; -L’impact des TIC sur la motivation académique des étudiants universitaires en apprentissage. La typologie de De Vries (2001) adoptée, qui est bâtie sur plusieurs variables d’apprentissage en lien avec les TIC (lire, faire des exercices, dialogue, jouer, explorer, manipuler, observer, construire et discuter), a facilité l’élaboration d’un portrait des usages des TIC des étudiants universitaires camerounais. Pour vérifier si les TIC ont un lien avec l’acquisition du savoir visée par un cours chez les étudiants camerounais, nous avons eu recours à la taxonomie de Bloom (1956) révisée par Lorin (2001). Cette taxonomie est constituée des verbes d’action qui décrivent des opérations cognitives d’apprentissage et spécifient des activités d’apprentissage liée aux TIC en terme de « capacité à ». Aussi, les résultats de Barrette (2005) sur les effets des TIC sur l’apprentissage (amélioration des résultats académiques, développement des opérations cognitives, amélioration de la motivation et intérêt des étudiants) nous ont servi de balises pour mieux comprendre les influences des TIC sur l’apprentissage des étudiants universitaires. La littérature sur l’impact des TIC sur la motivation académique a révélé que les sentiments d'autodétermination, de compétence et d'affiliation influencent la motivation des étudiants. Ainsi la théorie retenue de l'autodétermination de Deci et Ryan (1985, 1991, 2000) nous permet de mieux cerner le concept de la motivation dans cette étude. Cette recherche se fonde sur une méthodologie de type mixte, comportant plusieurs sources de données collectées (Savoie-Zajc et Karsenti (2000)): entrevues individuelles semi dirigées avec des étudiants (n = 9), observations participantes d’étudiants (n=2), observations participantes de groupes d’étudiants (n = 3), questionnaire (n=120). La thèse suit un mode de présentation par articles, chacun des articles étant en lien avec l’un des objectifs de la recherche. Les résultats obtenus confortent l’hypothèse d’une utilisation des TIC à des fins académiques par des étudiants dans le campus ainsi que dans les cybercafés. Autrement dit, la recherche dresse un portrait des usages des TIC des étudiants universitaires camerounais en mettant en évidence les types d’utilisation multivariés rencontrés. Les résultats font aussi ressortir que les TIC sont des outils didactiques efficaces pour faciliter la compréhension des situations complexes des cours suivis par les étudiants. Cette recherche a donné lieu à l’adaptation de l’échelle de mesure EMITICE, un instrument de mesure de la motivation lors de l'intégration des TIC dans l'enseignement, qui a permis de déterminer les variations de la motivation des étudiants et de mettre en évidence une comparaison de l'évolution du type de leur motivation.

Intégration sociale des immigrants au Canada : conformité des comportements matrimoniaux des jeunes immigrants face à la population canadienne au fil des générations

Près d’un Canadien sur cinq est né à l’étranger. Les niveaux d’immigration ne cessant de croître, la façon dont ces nouveaux venus s’intégreront à leur société d’accueil joue grandement sur l’avenir du pays. Dans les études d'intégration, une attention particulière est portée aux jeunes formant la première et la seconde génération puisqu’ils représentent le lien intergénérationnel entre membres de leurs familles, communautés culturelles et natifs canadiens. Ce mémoire porte sur les tendances liées aux comportements matrimoniaux des différentes générations d’hommes et de femmes provenant de diverses régions géographiques, comparativement à ceux de la population canadienne, incluant l’analyse du rôle que pourraient y jouer les communautés culturelles. En utilisant le recensement de 2001, l'analyse fait une distinction entre le Québec et le reste du Canada, et se concentre sur la probabilité de vivre ou non en union selon l’âge puis, pour ceux en union, la probabilité d’être marié ou en union libre. Les résultats démontrent que les comportements matrimoniaux des immigrants issus d’une union mixte (ayant un parent né au Canada) se conforment plus rapidement à ceux de la population locale que ceux ayant deux parents nés à l’étranger. Aussi, nos résultats révèlent que les immigrants issus de diverses régions géographiques présentent des comportements matrimoniaux et des profils selon le statut générationnel distincts alors que certains d’entre eux ne montrent aucun signe de convergence vers les comportements matrimoniaux des natifs canadiens. Finalement, les résultats liés à la taille et à la présence d’une communauté culturelle varient selon les différents modèles.

De l’anthropos : se savoir humain, entre foi et savoir

Cotutelle de thèse réalisée en littérature comparée (option épistémologie) avec l'Université de Montréal sous la direction de Terry Cochran et en philosophie avec Paris X (Nanterre) sous la direction d'Alain Milon.

Catalytic activity of lanthanum oxide for the reduction of cyclohexanone

Lanthanum oxide, La2O3 has been found to be an effective catalyst for the liquid phase reduction of cyclohexanone. The catalytic activities of La2O3 activated at 300, 500 and 800·C and its mixed oxides with alumina for the reduction of cyclohexanone with 2-propanol have been determined and the data parallel that of the electron donating properties of the catalysts. The electron donating properties of the catalysts have been determined from the adsorption of electron acceptors of different electron affinities on the surface of these oxides.

L-Glutaminase production by marine vibrio costicola under solid state fermentation

Use of inert supports have been recommended for SSF in on ar to overcome its inherent problems and efforts are being made to search for newer and better materials to act as inert solid supports lidoo et al, 1982; Zhu et al, 1994).In the present study an attempt is made to produce L-glutaminase, which is industrially and therapeutically impo rtant, from marine bacteria under solid state fermentation using natura.l. inert and mixed substrates with a view to develop an ideal bioprocess for its large scale production.

Evaluación de la usuabilidad de un sitio web educativo y de promoción de la salud en el contexto universitario.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Short Communication: effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester on milk production and composition of lactating Holstein dairy cows

Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester (HMBi: 0 vs. 1.26 g/kg of total ration dry matter (DM) and dietary crude protein (CP) concentration [14.7% (low) vs. 16.9% (standard), DM basis] on milk yield and composition using a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment with 4-wk periods. Cows were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration with a 1: 1 forage-to-concentrate ratio (DM basis), and diets provided an estimated 6.71 and 1.86% lysine and methionine, respectively, in metabolizable protein for the low-protein diet and 6.74 and 1.82% in the standard protein diet. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and composition were measured during wk 4 of each period. There were no effects on DM intake, which averaged 24.7 kg/d. There was an interaction between dietary CP and HMBi for milk yield and 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM). Feeding HMBi decreased milk and FCM yield when fed with the low-CP diet but did not affect milk or FCM yield when fed with the standard CP diet. Feeding HMBi increased milk protein concentration regardless of diet CP concentration and increased milk protein yield when added to the standard CP diet but not the low-CP diet. The positive effect of HMBi on milk protein yield was only observed at the standard level of dietary CP, suggesting other factors limited the response to HMBi when dietary protein supply was restricted.