No More HF: Teflon-Assisted Ultrafast Removal of Silica to Generate High-Surface-Area Mesostructured Carbon for Enhanced CO2 Capture and Supercapacitor Performance

An innovative technique to obtain high-surface-area mesostructured carbon (2545m(2)g(-1)) with significant microporosity uses Teflon as the silica template removal agent. This method not only shortens synthesis time by combining silica removal and carbonization in a single step, but also assists in ultrafast removal of the template (in 10min) with complete elimination of toxic HF usage. The obtained carbon material (JNC-1) displays excellent CO2 capture ability (ca. 26.2wt% at 0 degrees C under 0.88bar CO2 pressure), which is twice that of CMK-3 obtained by the HF etching method (13.0wt%). JNC-1 demonstrated higher H-2 adsorption capacity (2.8wt%) compared to CMK-3 (1.2wt%) at -196 degrees C under 1.0bar H-2 pressure. The bimodal pore architecture of JNC-1 led to superior supercapacitor performance, with a specific capacitance of 292Fg(-1) and 182Fg(-1) at a drain rate of 1Ag(-1) and 50Ag(-1), respectively, in 1m H2SO4 compared to CMK-3 and activated carbon.

Vacancy-Engineered Nanoceria: Enzyme Mimetic Hotspots for the Degradation of Nerve Agents

Organophosphorus-based nerve agents, such as paraoxon, parathion, and malathion, inhibit acetylcholinesterase, which results in paralysis, respiratory failure, and death. Bacteria are known to use the enzyme phosphotriesterase (PTE) to break down these compounds. In this work, we designed vacancy-engineered nanoceria (VE CeO2 NPs) as PTE mimetic hotspots for the rapid degradation of nerve agents. We observed that the hydrolytic effect of the nano-material is due to the synergistic activity between both Ce3+ and Ce4+ ions located in the active site-like hotspots. Furthermore, the catalysis by nanoceria overcomes the product inhibition generally observed for PTE and small molecule-based PTE mimetics.

No More HF: Teflon-Assisted Ultrafast Removal of Silica to Generate High-Surface-Area Mesostructured Carbon for Enhanced CO2 Capture and Supercapacitor Performance

An innovative technique to obtain high-surface-area mesostructured carbon (2545m(2)g(-1)) with significant microporosity uses Teflon as the silica template removal agent. This method not only shortens synthesis time by combining silica removal and carbonization in a single step, but also assists in ultrafast removal of the template (in 10min) with complete elimination of toxic HF usage. The obtained carbon material (JNC-1) displays excellent CO2 capture ability (ca. 26.2wt% at 0 degrees C under 0.88bar CO2 pressure), which is twice that of CMK-3 obtained by the HF etching method (13.0wt%). JNC-1 demonstrated higher H-2 adsorption capacity (2.8wt%) compared to CMK-3 (1.2wt%) at -196 degrees C under 1.0bar H-2 pressure. The bimodal pore architecture of JNC-1 led to superior supercapacitor performance, with a specific capacitance of 292Fg(-1) and 182Fg(-1) at a drain rate of 1Ag(-1) and 50Ag(-1), respectively, in 1m H2SO4 compared to CMK-3 and activated carbon.

Vacancy-Engineered Nanoceria: Enzyme Mimetic Hotspots for the Degradation of Nerve Agents

Organophosphorus-based nerve agents, such as paraoxon, parathion, and malathion, inhibit acetylcholinesterase, which results in paralysis, respiratory failure, and death. Bacteria are known to use the enzyme phosphotriesterase (PTE) to break down these compounds. In this work, we designed vacancy-engineered nanoceria (VE CeO2 NPs) as PTE mimetic hotspots for the rapid degradation of nerve agents. We observed that the hydrolytic effect of the nano-material is due to the synergistic activity between both Ce3+ and Ce4+ ions located in the active site-like hotspots. Furthermore, the catalysis by nanoceria overcomes the product inhibition generally observed for PTE and small molecule-based PTE mimetics.

Investigating the hydrothermal growth of zinc oxide nanostructures through seed layer control

Controlling the growth of ZnO nanostructures for photovoltaic applications will ensure greater device efficiency and parameter control. This paper reports on methods to engineer the morphology and tailor the nanostructure growth direction through the hydrothermal synthesis method. Effective control is achieved through the use of a sputtered zinc layer together with modifications of the growth solution. These nanostructures have been developed with a view to incorporation into excitonic solar cells, and methods to improve surface stability using a fully aqueous synthesis method will be discussed. © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München.

Remoção de contaminantes nitrogenados e sulfurados de cargas modelo de óeo diesel: estudo do adsorvente

A preocupação com o meio ambiente deve fazer parte da rotina de uma indústria de petróleo e derivados. A presença de compostos heterocíclicos em correntes de diesel motiva a sua remoção, pois além do aspecto ambiental, esses compostos podem interferir no desempenho de processos de hidrotratamento (HDT). A adsorção é uma das opções para minimizar esse problema. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o adsorvente comercial mais adequado através de um estudo cinético realizado em tanque agitado e suportado por alguns ensaios de equilíbrio. Foi dada ênfase preferencial à remoção de compostos nitrogenados, sendo avaliada a remoção de compostos sulfurados nos adsorventes mais promissores. Foram selecionados, como adsorventes comerciais, as argilas bentoníticas TCO 626G (Süd-Chemie) e F-24 (Engelhard), a -alumina CCI (Süd-Chemie), a sílica-alumina SIRAL 40 (Sasol) e a zeólita Y ultraestável USY (cedida pelo CENPES-Petrobras). Na composição do óleo diesel modelo encontra-se quinolina, carbazol e benzotiofeno, com n-hexadecano como diluente. A caracterização destes adsorventes incluiu análise química por fluorescência de raios X, análise estrutural por difração de raios X, análise textural por fisissorção de N2, análises de acidez por termodessorção de amônia (TPD de NH3) e por espectroscopia no infravermelho de piridina adsorvida. Os estudos cinéticos mostraram que a quinolina é adsorvida rapidamente, principalmente na zeolita USY, que apresentou a maior capacidade adsortiva. Observou-se que a ordem decrescente de melhor adsorvente seguiu a mesma ordem da quantidade de sítios ácidos encontrada por TPD-NH3. Nos estudos cinéticos com carbazol, a zeólita USY também foi o melhor adsorvente. Não houve acordo com relação a acidez, o que se esperava uma vez que se trata de um composto nitrogenado não básico. A presença de carbazol e quinolina na mesma solução, não alterou o desempenho da cinética de remoção de ambos, indicando que provavelmente não estão competindo pelos mesmos sítios de adsorção. Quando foi introduzido um composto sulfurado no sistema, a zeólita se manteve como o melhor adsorvente, a quinolina continuou sendo eficazmente removida, mas a remoção de carbazol sofreu alguma interferência que pode indicar a competição das moléculas pelo mesmo sítio. Nos estudos com carga real de óleo diesel, ao contrário do observado para as cargas modelo, a TCO 626G mostrou-se mais efetiva na remoção de compostos heterocíclicos que a USY. O modelo cinético proposto ajustou adequadamente as curvas e as isotermas de adsorção para quinolina e carbazol, relativas a USY e a TCO 626G, foram melhor ajustadas pelo modelo de Freundlich

Engineering hierarchical nanostructures by elastocapillary self-assembly

Surfaces coated with nanoscale filaments such as silicon nanowires and carbon nanotubes are potentially compelling for high-performance battery and capacitor electrodes, photovoltaics, electrical interconnects, substrates for engineered cell growth, dry adhesives, and other smart materials. However, many of these applications require a wet environment or involve wet processing during their synthesis. The capillary forces introduced by these wet environments can lead to undesirable aggregation of nanoscale filaments, but control of capillary forces can enable manipulation of the filaments into discrete aggregates and novel hierarchical structures. Recent studies suggest that the elastocapillary self-assembly of nanofilaments can be a versatile and scalable means to build complex and robust surface architectures. To enable a wider understanding and use of elastocapillary self-assembly as a fabrication technology, we give an overview of the underlying fundamentals and classify typical implementations and surface designs for nanowires, nanotubes, and nanopillars made from a wide variety of materials. Finally, we discuss exemplary applications and future opportunities to realize new engineered surfaces by the elastocapillary self-assembly of nanofilaments. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

PHYSICAL VAPOR TRANSPORT AND CRYSTAL-GROWTH OF GESEXTE1-X SOLID-SOLUTIONS

Physical vapor transport studies of GeSe(x)Te1 - x (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) solid solutions demonstrated, that individual, large single crystals of these materials can be grown in closed ampoules. A compositional analysis of the grown crystals revealed, that the mass transport (crystal growth) process under steady-state conditions is pseudo-congruent and controlled by diffusion processes in the source material. From these experiments, the degree of non-stoichiometry (Ge-vacancy concentrations) of GeSe(x)Te1 - x single crystals could be estimated. The effects of the cubic to rhombohedral phase transformation during cooling on the microstructure and morphology of the grown mixed crystals are observed. This work provides the basis for subsequent defect studies and electrical measurements on these crystals.