Synthesis, characterization and low temperature electrical conductivity of Polyaniline/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites

Conducting polymer/ferrite nanocomposites with an organized structure provide a new functional hybrid between organic and inorganic materials. The most popular among the conductive polymers is the polyaniline (PANI) due to its wide application in different fields. In the present work nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel citrate-nitrate method with an average size of 21.6nm. PANI/NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple general and inexpensive in-situ polymerization in the presence of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. The effects of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles on the dc-electrical properties of polyaniline were investigated. The structural components in the nanocomposites were identified from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The crystalline phase of nanocomposites was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) reveals that there was some interaction between the NiFe2O4 particles and polyaniline and the nanocomposites are composed of polycrystalline ferrite nanoparticles and PANI. The dc conductivity of polyaniline/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites have been measured as a function of temperature in the range of 80K to 300K. It is observed that the room temperature conductivity sigma(RT) decreases with increase in the relative content of NiFe2O4. The experimental data reveals that the resistivity increases for all composites with decrease of temperature exhibiting semiconductor behaviour.

Doping effect of Ag+, Mn2+ ions on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO nanoparticles

Pure ZnO and co-doped (Mn, Ag) ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by chemical co-precipitation method without using a capping agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirms the presence of wurtzite (hexagonal) crystal structure similar to undoped ZnO, suggesting that doped Mn, Ag ions are substituted to the regular Zn sites. The morphology of the samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of pure and co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis spectroscopy (EDAX). Optical absorption properties were determined by UV-vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometer. The incorporation of Ag+, Mn2+ in the place of Zn2+ provoked to decrease the size of nanocrystals as compared to pure ZnO. Optical absorption measurements indicates blue shift in the absorption band edge upon Ag, Mn ions doped ZnO nanoparticles.

Texture evolution during hot deformation of Moly-TZM

Moly-TZM was deformed at constant strain rate of 1.0 s(-1) to investigate the high strain rate deformation behaviour by microstructural and stress response change within a temperature range of 1400-1700 degrees C. To correlate the deformation behaviour with orientational change, recrystallization and recovery of the material, the microstructural investigation was undertaken using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). Depending on the grain size and orientation spread recrystallized grains were identified and texture was calculated. Change in grain boundary characteristics with increasing temperature was determined by the misorientation angle distribution for the deformed and recrystallized grains. Subgrain coalescence and increase in subgrain size with increasing temperature was observed, indicating recrystallization not only occurred from the nucleation of the dislocation free grains in grain boundaries but also from the subgrain rotation and merging of the subgrains by annihilation of the low angle grain boundaries. Detailed studies on the evolution of texture of recrystallized grains showed continuous increase in <001> fiber texture in recrystallised grains, in contrast to a mixed fiber <001> +<111> for the deformed grains.

Role of stacking fault energy on texture evolution revisited

Three materials, pure aluminium, Al-4 wt.% Mg, alpha-brass have been chosen to understand the evolution of texture and microstructure during rolling. Pure Al develops a strong copper-type rolling texture and the deformation is entirely slip dominated. In Al-4Mg alloy, texture is copper-type throughout the deformation. The advent of Cu-type shear bands in the later stages of deformation has a negligible effect on the final texture. alpha-brass shows a characteristic brass-type texture from the early stages of rolling. Extensive twinning in the intermediate stages of deformation (epsilon(t) similar to 0.5) causes significant texture reorientation towards alpha-fiber. Beyond 40% reduction, deformation is dominated by Bs-type shear bands, and the banding coincides with the evolution of <111>parallel to ND components. The crystallites within the bands preferentially show <110>parallel to ND components. The absence of the Cu component throughout the deformation process indicates that, for the evolution of brass-type texture, the presence of Cu component is not a necessary condition. The final rolling texture is a synergistic effect of deformation twinning and shear banding.

Evolution of texture and its influence on the failure of components in some aluminium alloys

This paper describes the evolution of crystallographic texture in three of the most important high strength aluminium alloys, viz., AA2219, AA7075 and AFNOR7020 in the cold rolled and artificially aged condition. Bulk texture results were obtained by plotting pole figures from X-ray diffraction results followed by Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) analysis and micro-textures were measured using EBSD. The results indicate that the deformation texture components Cu, Bs and S, which were also present in the starting materials, strengthen with increase in amount of deformation. On the other hand, recrystallization texture components Goss and Cube weaken. The Bs component is stronger in the deformation texture. This is attributed to the shear banding. In-service applications indicate that the as-processed AFNOR7020 alloy fails more frequently compared to the other high strength Al alloys used in the aerospace industry. Detailed study of deformation texture revealed that strong Brass (Bs) component could be associated to shear banding, which in turn could explain the frequent failures in AFNOR7020 alloy. The alloying elements in this alloy that could possibly influence the stacking fault energy of the material could be accounted for the strong Bs component in the texture.

Deformation Twinning Mechanisms in Nanocrystalline Ni

Extensive transmission electron microscopy examinations confirm that twinning does occur upon large plastic deformation in nanocrystalline Ni, for which no sign of deformation twinning was found in previous tensile tests. Compelling evidence has been obtained for several twinning mechanisms that operate in nanocrystalline grains, with the grain boundary emission of partial dislocations determined as the most proficient. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

外流干扰对气动塞式喷管性能影响的数值模拟研究

首先对气动塞式喷管内外流干扰的机理进行了分析，在此基础上对外流干扰对气动塞式喷管性能的影响进行了数值模拟研究。数值方法采用NND格式求解二维N-S方程，对于不同的背压和来流马赫数条件进行了大量的数值实验。通过计算揭示了不同外流条件下气动塞式喷管的流动特征以及外流干扰对喷管性能的影响规律。

Prueba de rendimiento por beneficiado húmedo de café (Coffea arábica L.) variedades Catuaí amarillo y Catuaí rojo

El objetivo principal de la investigación fue estudiar el rendimiento de variedades Catuai amarillo y Catuai rojo utilizando beneticiado vía húmeda, ambas variedades pertenecientes a Coffea arabica L. Esta prueba consistió en la conversión de 0.197 m3 ( una fanega ), de café uva maduro a oro para ambas variedades. El café utilizado en dicha investigación se obtuvo de la hacienda Santa Gertrudis, ubicada en Jinotepe, tomando de aquí la muestra del Catuai amarillo. Y la otra muestra del Catuai rojo fue obtenida de la hacienda Australia, Situada en San Marcos. El proceso de beneficiado fue realizado en el beneficio San francisco localizado entre las Ciudades de San Marcos y la Concepción, la primera perteneciente al departamento de Carazo y la segunda al departamento de Masaya. Las dos variedades de de café fueron sometida al proceso de beneficiado obteniéndose del Catuai amarillo los mejores rendimientos en todas las variables evaluadas durante todo el proceso en comparación al Catuai rojo. A pesar del manejo agronómico que realizan los caficultores en estas zonas y la época del año en que fue realizada esta prueba, al final ambas, la variedad amarilla pesó 21.40 kg (46.50 libras), con 17.61 por ciento de rendimiento y con 11 por ciento de humedad, todo esto en café oro bruto. Mientras que la variedad roja pesó 20.20 kg (44.50 libras), con un rendimiento del 17.05 por ciento y con un porcentaje de humedad del 11.60 por ciento. Utilizando la criba número 15 para hacer la clasificación del grano por tamaño para la posterior selección para exportación, el mejor resultado en esta prueba lo tuvo el Catuai rojo con un 90 por ciento de grano de primera, ligeramente mayor que el 83.3 por ciento presentado por el Catuai amarillo.

Determinación del período crítico de competencia de malezas en el cultivo del ajonjolí (Sesamun indicum L.) variedad Cuyumaqui

El presente trabajo se planificó con la finalidad de determinar el período critico de competencia de malezas sobre el rendimiento del cultivo del ajonjolí (Sesamum indicum L.) variedad Cuyumaqui. para lo cual se incluyeron tratamientos enmalezados hasta, y limpios hasta (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 y 100 días después de la germinación respectivamente) bajo las condiciones ecológicas de la finca La Concepción, Nagarote León. El ensayo se estableció en la siembra de postrera de 1999 (2 de septiembre al 12 de diciembre). utilizándose un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. El resultado estadístico realizado a la variable de rendimiento mostró diferencias significativas entre tratamientos, alcanzándose los mayores rendimientos en los tratamientos T10 (limpio hasta los 60 dds el tiempo limpio) con 1 121.3 kg./ha, T11 (limpio hasta los 75 dds) con 1 124.2 y el T12 (todo el tiempo limpio) con 1 131.3 kg./ha de grano respectivamente y sin diferencias estadísticas entre los mismos, y los rendimientos más bajos se alcanzaron en el T6 (enmalezado los 100 días) con 388.8 kg/ha y T7 (1impio hasta los 15 días) con 435.1 kglha . Así mismo, se llegó a la conclusión de que el período crítico de competencia de maleza para el cultivo del ajonjolí (variedad Cuyumaqui) se ubica a partir de los 15 hasta los 60 días después de la siembra.

Case Study: Influence Of Morphological Changes On Flooding In Jingjiang River

The middle reach of the Yangtze River, customarily called the Jingjiang River, together with its diversion channels and Dongting Lake, form a large complicated drainage system. In the last five decades, significant geomorphological changes have occurred in the drainage system, including the shrinkage of diversion channels, contraction of Dongting Lake, changes in the rating curve at the Luoshan station, and cutoffs of the lower Jingjiang River. These changes are believed to be the cause of the occurrence of abnormal floods in the Jingjiang River. Qualitative analyses suggest that the first three factors aggravate the flood situation in the lower Jingjiang River, while the last factor seems beneficial for flood prevention. To quantitatively evaluate these conclusions, a finite-volume numerical model was constructed. A series of numerical simulations were carried out to test the individual and combined effects of the aforementioned four factors, and these simulations showed that high flood stages in the Jingjiang River clearly are related to the geomorphological changes.

Observações preliminares sobre a proposta orçamentária para 2010 : tópicos econômico-fiscais

Consultoria de Orçamento e Fiscalização Financeira - Núcleo de Assuntos Econômico-Fiscais.

Heating, current drive and confinement regimes with the JET ICRH and lhcd systems

During its 1990 operation, 2 large RF systems were available on JET. The Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) system was equipped with new beryllium screens and with feedback matching systems. Specific impurities generated by ICRH were reduced to negligible levels even in the most stringent H-mode conditions. A maximum power of 22 MW was coupled to L-mode plasmas. High quality H-modes (tau-E greater-than-or-equal-to 2.5 tau-EG) were achieved using dipole phasing. A new high confinement mode was discovered. It combines the properties of the H-mode regime to the low central diffusivities obtained by pellet injection. A value of n(d) tau-E T(i) = 7.8 x 10(20) m-3 s keV was obtained in this mode with T(e) approximately T(i) approximately 11 keV. In the L-mode regime, a regime, a record (140 kW) D-He-3 fusion power was generated with 10 - 14 MW of ICRH at the He-3 cyclotron frequency. Experiments were performed with the prototype launcher of the Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) systems with coupled power up to 1.6 MW with current drive efficiencies up to < n(e) > R I(CD)/P = 0.4 x 10(20) m-2 A/W. Fast electrons are driven by LHCD to tail temperatures of 100 keV with a hollow radial profile. Paradoxically, LHCD induces central heating particularly in combination with ICRH. Finally we present the first observations of the synergistic acceleration of fast electrons by Transit Time Magnetic Pumping (TTMP) (from ICRH) and Electron Landau Damping (ELD) (from LHCD). The synergism generates TTMP current drive even without phasing the ICRH antennae.

Peces continentales de la Argentina: Bibliografía. Lepidosiren paradoxa.

Espanol: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo la recopilación de la información existente sobre las especies presentes en nuestro territorio. Para ello, se elaboraron fichas que contienen las referencias argentinas y de aquellas revisiones de autores extranjeros que involucran taxas de nuestro país. Como principales fuentes de información se consultaron Ringuelet et al. (1967), CLOFFSCA (2003), López et al. (2003; 2006), Liotta (2006) y las bases de datos on-line de W. N. Eschmeyer y Fish Base. Esta es una publicación abierta, por lo que requerirá de actualización permanente, para lo cual sería necesario se sume a nuestra tarea la buena voluntad y colaboración de la comunidad ictiológica. Esperamos con este aporte colaborar en la construcción de una base de datos de los peces continentales de la Argentina. La concreción de esta herramienta dará soporte a los planes generados desde los diferentes sectores involucrados en el tema, además de fomentar la difusión de la disciplina y la reafirmación de los derechos soberanos sobre nuestros recursos naturales. English: The goal of this work is to compile the existing information about the species present in our country. This has been done by means of datasheets that list both local references and reviews by foreign authors that include Argentine taxa. The main information sources consulted were Ringuelet et al. (1967), CLOFFSCA (2003), López et al. (2003; 2006), Liotta (2006) and the online databases of W. N. Eschmeyer and Fish Base. This is an open-ended publication. As such, it will require permanent updating, which will depend on the good will and collaboration of the ichthyological community. With this contribution, we hope to help to build a database of the freshwater fish of Argentina. The completion of this project will provide support to diverse plans emanating from different sectors, as well as promote the diffusion of this field of research and reaffirm Argentina’s sovereign rights over our natural resources. (Texto en English y Espanol. PDF tiene ocho paginas.)

Marketable fish production: seasonal ponds

(4 pp.)

Epistolas Varias que Consagra a la Catolica Magestad Del Rey D. Carlos Segundo, N.S. Monarca de las Espanas y del Nuevo Mundo, Don Felix de Lucio Espinosa y Malo, su autor, doctor en ambos derechos, con privilegio

Félix de Lúcio Espinosa y Maio, escritor e historiador espanhol, nasceu em Zaragoza, em 1646, e morreu em Palermo, Itália, em 1691. Doutorou-se em Direito na Universidade de Nápoles, foi Secretário do Conselho de Sua Majestade e Secretário de Estado e Guerra, no reino da Sicília. Cronista do reino de Aragão, das Índias e de Castela e Leão. Distinguiu-se por seu talento e sua cultura. ‘Epistolas varias...’ traz composições poéticas em forma de cartas, descrevendo entre outras coisas: ‘Del origem de las estatuas’, ‘De los sepulcros antigos’, ‘Del origem de las monedas’, ‘De la causa dei terremoto’, ‘Descripcion de la fiesta de toros de Madrid’, ‘De la velocidad dei tiempo’, ‘Consolatoria en la muerte’, ‘De la pintura, y alguns inventores’, ‘La paz y la union’, ‘Sobre eI origen de la poesia en varias naciones’