Are luminous radio-loud active galactic nuclei triggered by galaxy interactions?

We present the results of a comparison between the optical morphologies of a complete sample of 46 southern 2 Jy radio galaxies at intermediate redshifts (0.05 < z < 0.7) and those of two control samples of quiescent early-type galaxies: 55 ellipticals at redshifts z ≤ 0.01 from the Observations of Bright Ellipticals at Yale (OBEY) survey, and 107 early-type galaxies at redshifts 0.2 < z < 0.7 in the Extended Groth Strip (EGS). Based on these comparisons, we discuss the role of galaxy interactions in the triggering of powerful radio galaxies (PRGs). We find that a significant fraction of quiescent ellipticals at low and intermediate redshifts show evidence for disturbed morphologies at relatively high surface brightness levels, which are likely the result of past or on-going galaxy interactions. However, the morphological features detected in the galaxy hosts of the PRGs (e.g. tidal tails, shells, bridges, etc.) are up to 2 mag brighter than those present in their quiescent counterparts. Indeed, if we consider the same surface brightness limits, the fraction of disturbed morphologies is considerably smaller in the quiescent population (53 per cent at z < 0.2 and 48 per cent at 0.2 ≤ z < 0.7) than in the PRGs (93 per cent at z < 0.2 and 95 per cent at 0.2 ≤ z < 0.7 considering strong-line radio galaxies only). This supports a scenario in which PRGs represent a fleeting active phase of a subset of the elliptical galaxies that have recently undergone mergers/interactions. However, we demonstrate that only a small proportion (≲20 per cent) of disturbed early-type galaxies are capable of hosting powerful radio sources.

Infrared Excess sources: Compton thick QSOs, low-luminosity Seyferts or starbursts?

We explore the nature of Infrared Excess sources (IRX), which are proposed as candidates for luminous [L_X(2–10 keV) > 10^43 erg s^−1] Compton thick (NH > 2 × 1024 cm−2) QSOs at z≈ 2. Lower redshift, z≈ 1, analogues of the distant IRX population are identified by first redshifting to z= 2 the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of all sources with secure spectroscopic redshifts in the AEGIS (6488) and the GOODS-North (1784) surveys and then selecting those that qualify as IRX sources at that redshift. A total of 19 galaxies are selected. The mean redshift of the sample is z≈ 1. We do not find strong evidence for Compton thick QSOs in the sample. For nine sources with X-ray counterparts, the X-ray spectra are consistent with Compton thin active galactic nucleus (AGN). Only three of them show tentative evidence for Compton thick obscuration. The SEDs of the X-ray undetected population are consistent with starburst activity. There is no evidence for a hot dust component at the mid-infrared associated with AGN heated dust. If the X-ray undetected sources host AGN, an upper limit of L_X(2–10 keV) = 10^43 erg s^−1 is estimated for their intrinsic luminosity. We propose that a large fraction of the z≈ 2 IRX population is not Compton thick quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) but low-luminosity [L_X(2–10 keV) < 10^43 erg s^−1], possibly Compton thin, AGN or dusty starbursts. It is shown that the decomposition of the AGN and starburst contribution to the mid-IR is essential for interpreting the nature of this population, as star formation may dominate this wavelength regime.

Spitzer's contribution to the AGN population

Infrared selection is a potentially powerful way to identify heavily obscured AGNs missed in even the deepest X-ray surveys. Using a 24 μm-selected sample in GOODS-S, we test the reliability and completeness of three infrared AGN selection methods: (1) IRAC color-color selection, (2) IRAC power-law selection, and (3) IR-excess selection; we also evaluate a number of IR-excess approaches. We find that the vast majority of non-power-law IRAC color-selected AGN candidates in GOODS-S have colors consistent with those of star-forming galaxies. Contamination by star-forming galaxies is most prevalent at low 24 μm flux densities (~100 μJy) and high redshifts (z ~ 2), but the fraction of potential contaminants is still high (~50%) at 500 μJy, the highest flux density probed reliably by our survey. AGN candidates selected via a simple, physically motivated power-law criterion ("power-law galaxies," or PLGs), however, appear to be reliable. We confirm that the IR-excess methods successfully identify a number of AGNs, but we also find that such samples may be significantly contaminated by star-forming galaxies. Adding only the secure Spitzer-selected PLG, color-selected, IR-excess, and radio/IR-selected AGN candidates to the deepest X-ray-selected AGN samples directly increases the number of known X-ray AGNs (84) by 54%-77%, and implies an increase to the number of 24 μm-detected AGNs of 71%-94%. Finally, we show that the fraction of MIR sources dominated by an AGN decreases with decreasing MIR flux density, but only down to f_24 μ m = 300 μJy. Below this limit, the AGN fraction levels out, indicating that a nonnegligible fraction (~10%) of faint 24 μm sources (the majority of which are missed in the X-ray) are powered not by star formation, but by the central engine. The fraction of all AGNs (regardless of their MIR properties) exceeds 15% at all 24 μm flux densities.

UROBORO

Segundo os dados mais recentes, em Portugal, 59% dos Resíduos Urbanos Biodegradáveis (RUB) acabam em aterros, misturados com contaminantes químicos, tornando-se, consequentemente, inúteis para utilização posterior. Apesar das melhorias significativas em 2013 face a 1995, este continua a ser um problema que merece mais soluções que acompanhem a crescente produção de resíduos em cidades. De acordo com o Plano Estratégico para os Resíduos Urbanos (PERSU 2020), deverá ser reduzida em 35% a deposição de RUB em aterros até ao ano de 2020. É neste contexto que se desenvolveu um equipamento que permite a prática de vermicompostagem em meios urbanos desviando resíduos biodegradáveis dos aterros e transformando-os em matéria-prima útil e reutilizável. Este desenvolvimento sensível a questões ambientais utiliza o desenho das peças e o barro vermelho para otimizar o processo de vermicompostagem e auxiliar o utilizador na sua prática e compreensão, fazendo com que este tome simultaneamente consciência das ações quotidianas com efeitos nefastos para a biosfera. Dos ensaios realizados em contexto real, concluiu-se que o projeto apresentado (Uroboro) permite o processamento de resíduos biodegradáveis vegetais dentro de casa sem perturbar o normal quotidiano das famílias e sem pôr em causa a segurança e conforto habitacional.

Immigration in Spain: Integration with Feet of Clay?

The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of the economic crisis on the integration of the immigrant population in Spain. The Spanish case is singular because during the years of intense immigration achieved a remarkable degree of socio-cultural integration. The paper argues that such integration it has been the result of the confluence of exceptional factors rather than the result of the policy making. From a mixed methodology approach, it shows that, during the period of expansion, two factors of the immigration contribute to their coexistence with native population: finding job and access to public services. But the economic crisis, with its impact in terms of job losses and austerity policies, expose the weaknesses of the Spanish model of integration.

What is this thing called Historical Archaeology?

Historical archaeology, in its narrow temporal sense -as an archaeology of the emergence and subsequent evolution of the Modern world- is steadily taking pace in Spanish academia. This paper aims at provoking a more robust debate through understanding how Spanish historical archaeology is placed in the international scene and some of its more relevant particularities. In so doing, the paper also stresses the strong links that have united historical and prehistorical archaeology since its inception, both in relation to the ontological, epistemological and methodological definition of the first as to the influence of socio-political issues in the latter. Such reflection is partly a situated reflection from prehistory as one of the paper’s authors has been a prehistorian for most of her professional life.

Relações interétnicas em conflito entre Makuxi e Wapixana na terra indígena Raposa Serra do Sol

This dissertation present an analysis of the interethnic conflict between Makuxi and Wapixana at the current moment in the Maloca of the Adobe, Aboriginal Land Fox-Mountain range of the Sun, in the State of Roraima. The theoretical field was boarded in the Ethnology, pursuing situations in local history, with edges in ethno-history. The research elapsed of the deepening necessity on the social relations and aboriginal politics, for the intercultural professional exercise of educator, appealing the bibliographical survey and participant comment as method; not directive interviews, photographs, filmings and daily register in of field, as techniques carried through in the period of 2006 to 2007. Although to inhabit in the same area and to establish marriages between itself, individuals and groups express tensions, aggravated with the landmark and legal recognition of the area, which generated inter dispute and intraetnias, mainly with the intrusion of farmers, rizicultores and the form of governmental influence. A relation of rivalry, individual and collective was evidenced, suggesting the strengthenig and not it fractionly, of the fights external politics, interns and in way to the cultural diversity and social adversity

Evaluación del potencial agroecoturistico en el área protegida Reserva Recursos Genéticos Apacunca, Somotillo – Villa Nueva, Departamento de Chinandega

La Facultad de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente (FARENA) en conjunto con el proyecto UNA-FAGRO-DEPARTIR/Organización Mundial para la Salud y Seguridad Alimentaría (FAO), consideraron como objetivo principal evaluar el potencial ecoturístico de la Reserva de Recursos Genéticos Apacunca (RRGA) de Somotillo - Villa Nueva, departamento de Chinandega. El proceso metodológico para llevar a cabo el estudio se desarrolló en tres fases; se llevaron a cabo tres visitas de campo para recabar la información requerida a través del Diagnóstico Rural Participativo y consultivo; se realizaron dos recorridos por sitios pre definidos y se aplicaron entrevistas a comunitarios, guardabosques, funcionarios del MARENA y agentes de tour operadores. Los comunitarios muestran interés por la implementación de paquetes ecoturísticos; cuentan con capacidades básicas para albergar turistas; producen variedad de comida típica del lugar; en Villa Nueva se realizan fiestas patronales, carreras de caballos y peleas de gallo; existen la fabricación de orfebrería y el proceso de la apicultura. Se encuentra una variedad de especies de fauna específicamente en aves migratorias y reptiles, se encuentra un pequeño remanente del maíz primitivo, por el cual se debe el nombre de la categoría de manejo del área protegida; hacen uso de especies de curcubitaceae silvestre para alimentación; y se emplea la medicina natural. Las capacidades de los pobladores son pocas pero tienen una gran iniciativa e interés para capacitarse y poder brindar atención a los visitantes del área. El camino es transitable en todo tiempo, se cuenta con agua potable, casa base y escuelas, existen instituciones y organismos internacionales que tienen alguna incidencia sobre la zona; en la ciudad de Villa Nueva se encuentran la minería artesanal donde se obtiene oro, la fabricación de utensilios de barro y la comida típica (cosa de horno). Las tours operadoras de Managua, León y Chinandega pueden incluir paquetes para identificar el potencial turístico que existe en Apacunca o lugares aledaños. Se proponen dos paquetes Agroecoturísticos que brindan alternativas de recorridos para apreciar la belleza y destacar la importancia de la RRGA y de la zona.

Trajetos cênicos do grupo parafolclórico da UFRN:que dança é essa?

This paper aims at studying UFRN Parafolclórico Group, whose aesthetic formation is subjected to our analysis, specially at its two last performances, that is, Flor do Lírio (Lily Flower), 2004, and Debaixo do Barro do Chão (Under the Mud of the Ground), 2008. Three targets are envisaged here: to analyze the aesthetic ideas backing Parafolclórico Group exhibitions; to evaluate how their many folk elements interact with different artist languages in order to compose a certain choreography; and finally, to identify the aesthetic conformation placed behind the two different choreographs of the last performances, their trends and innermost features that differentiate them. In accordance with the Analysis of Contents (BARDIN, 2006), interviews have been made with the choreographers and the staff of the spectacles, resulting in elucidating answers to the understanding of their thematic axis. On the first chapter we called attention to motivating subjects as recollection, personal experiences, bibliography research, research in loco regarded as propelling forces of the creative works. Herein, folk culture is depicted as a dynamic process opening a frank dialogue with contemporary events and reinforcing their continuity. On the second chapter, we approached the aesthetic conformation and the scenic elements (costumes, light, scenario, make-up), integrating the studied spectacles and disseminating folk songs in various ways. As what concerns the subjects discourse, we have obtained support in authors like Robatto (1994); Lobo; Navas (2008); Burke (1989); Canclini (2006); Dufrenne (2005); Medeiros (2005); Pavis (2005); Silva (2005), among others. Those authors have provided us with an indispensable theoretic support which, added to the interviews, convinced us that the Parafolclórico Group s aesthetic conception tends to identify itself with the artist languages and other techniques of that Group. It also made sure that the Group s course aims at an aesthetic conception which is not limited to popular culture manifestations, like dance, but admits to play with other media in order to communicate its art. In view of this situation, we arrived to two conclusions: first: the group s interchanges emphasize the dynamic character of popular culture which, by establishing contacts with different realities, receives influences capable of extending its own continuity; second: the contemporary state of arts also improves multiple interchanges opening way, so, for many accomplishments in their field. Therefore, UFRN Parafolclórico Group inserts itself in the contemporary scenery by performing new evaluations of the popular dances as long as it puts them in contact with different technical, aesthetic, artist and culture combinations

Nickel isotope fractionation during laterite Ni ore smelting and refining: implications for tracing the sources of Ni in smelter-affected soils

Nickel isotope ratios were measured in ores, fly ash, slags and FeNi samples from two metallurgical plants located in the Goiás State, Brazil (Barro Alto, Niquelândia). This allowed investigating the mass-dependent fractionation of Ni isotopes during the Ni-laterite ore smelting and refining. Feeding material exhibits a large range of δ60Ni values (from 0.02 ± 0.10 ‰ to 0.20 ± 0.05 ‰, n=7), explained by the diversity of Ni-bearing phases, and the average of δ60Nifeeding materials was found equal to 0.08 ± 0.08‰ (2SD, n=7). Both δ60Ni values of fly ash (δ60Ni = 0.07 ± 0.07‰, n=10) and final FeNi produced (0.05 ± 0.02 ‰, n=2) were not significantly different from the feeding materials ones. These values are consistent with the very high production yield of the factories. However, smelting slags present the heaviest δ60Ni values of all the smelter samples, with δ60Ni ranging from 0.11 ± 0.05 ‰ to 0.27 ± 0.05 ‰ (n=8). Soils were also collected near and far from the Niquelândia metallurgical plant, to evaluate the potential of Ni isotopes for tracing the natural vs anthropogenic Ni in soils. The Ni isotopic composition of the non-impacted topsoils developed on ultramafic rocks ranges from -0.26 ± 0.09 ‰ to -0.04 ± 0.05 ‰ (n=20). On the contrary, the Ni isotopic composition of the non-ultramafic topsoils, collected close to the plant, exhibit a large variation of δ60Ni, ranging from -0.19 ± 0.13 ‰ up to 0.10 ± 0.05 ‰ (n=4). This slight but significant enrichment in heavy isotopes highlight the potential impact of smelting activity in the surrounding area, as well as the potential of Ni isotopes for discerning anthropogenic samples (heavier δ60Ni values) from natural ones (lighter δ60Ni values). However, given the global range of published δ60Ni values (from -1.03 to 2.5 ‰) and more particularly those associated to natural weathering of ultramafic rocks (from -0.61 to 0.32‰), the use of Ni isotopes for tracing environmental contamination from smelters will remain challenging.

Brocales de pozos y aljibes andalusíes y mudéjares

Esta tesis ha tomado los caracteres de un trabajo técnico, artístico y estadístico sobre el brocal de pozo andalusí y mudéjar, mediante un estudio de investigación y una práctica de campo, en el que se destaca la evolución de este objeto en al-Andalus desde el siglo X hasta aproximadamente el siglo XVI. El brocal se convirtió, al estar emplazado en estancias principales del patio de edificios religiosos o de viviendas islámicas, en el soporte y el marco idóneo de una rica y compleja decoración, y sus gruesas paredes también permitieron un mayor desarrollo y una mejor ejecución de textos epigráficos, que han sido en algunos casos concretos de gran relevancia a nivel histórico y artístico. Antes de la época islámica, el brocal, aparecía como una pieza escasa, en la mayoría de los casos elaborado con un material noble para cubrir pozos de agua sagrada en edificios grandes de carácter religioso. Posteriormente, fue un objeto muy frecuente en sus ejemplares andalusíes y mudéjares, utilizado en todo tipo de edificios públicos y privados, ejecutado en materiales nobles, como el mármol o la piedra caliza y en materiales comunes y baratos como el barro. En los brocales resulta a veces muy difícil determinar con precisión la fecha concreta de su elaboración, teniendo únicamente como referencia las características físicas del mismo, ya que este objeto ha estado bajo una enorme influencia…….. tanto anterior como posterior al período estudiado. El estudio presenta datos globales sobre cronología, procedencia, terminología, tipología, materiales, técnicas de elaboración, procedimientos de motivos decorativos y un análisis minucioso de éstos, permitiéndonos tener una raíz sólida que apoye el estudio preciso de cada brocal, siguiendo estrictamente en todos los casos una misma metodología. La investigación incluye un total de ciento nueve piezas, nueve brocales en material pétreo y cien ejemplos de material cerámico. Ante el número considerable de ejemplos estudiados, hemos decidido ordenar las fichas catalográficas en siete apartados, apareciendo así los brocales de material pétreo, seguidos de los de material cerámico, divididos éstos a su vez en circunscripciones territoriales, guardando siempre un orden cronológico dentro de cada apartado...

Relações interétnicas em conflito entre Makuxi e Wapixana na terra indígena Raposa Serra do Sol

This dissertation present an analysis of the interethnic conflict between Makuxi and Wapixana at the current moment in the Maloca of the Adobe, Aboriginal Land Fox-Mountain range of the Sun, in the State of Roraima. The theoretical field was boarded in the Ethnology, pursuing situations in local history, with edges in ethno-history. The research elapsed of the deepening necessity on the social relations and aboriginal politics, for the intercultural professional exercise of educator, appealing the bibliographical survey and participant comment as method; not directive interviews, photographs, filmings and daily register in of field, as techniques carried through in the period of 2006 to 2007. Although to inhabit in the same area and to establish marriages between itself, individuals and groups express tensions, aggravated with the landmark and legal recognition of the area, which generated inter dispute and intraetnias, mainly with the intrusion of farmers, rizicultores and the form of governmental influence. A relation of rivalry, individual and collective was evidenced, suggesting the strengthenig and not it fractionly, of the fights external politics, interns and in way to the cultural diversity and social adversity

Convenio General entre la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (España) y la Universidad de Cuenca (Ecuador)

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Criterios predictivos de colecistectomía laparoscópica difícil: clínicos, de laboratorio y ecográficos. Hospitales Vicente Corral M. y José Carrasco A. Cuenca 2006

Los objetivos del estudio fueron: determinar si los criterios clínicos: Murphy positivo, fiebre y cirugías previas del abdomen superior, tamaño de cálculo, pared de fondo vesicular más de 3 mm de grosor, distensión vesicular, líquido perivesicular, Murphy ecográfico, cálculo impactado en el cuello vesicular y barro biliar, están asociados significativamente con colecistectomía laparoscópica difícil. Resultados: De los 140 pacientes de ambos sexos realizados colecistectomía laparoscópica: 26 fueron del HVCM Y 114 del hospital José Carrasco (IESS).

Trajetos cênicos do grupo parafolclórico da UFRN:que dança é essa?

This paper aims at studying UFRN Parafolclórico Group, whose aesthetic formation is subjected to our analysis, specially at its two last performances, that is, Flor do Lírio (Lily Flower), 2004, and Debaixo do Barro do Chão (Under the Mud of the Ground), 2008. Three targets are envisaged here: to analyze the aesthetic ideas backing Parafolclórico Group exhibitions; to evaluate how their many folk elements interact with different artist languages in order to compose a certain choreography; and finally, to identify the aesthetic conformation placed behind the two different choreographs of the last performances, their trends and innermost features that differentiate them. In accordance with the Analysis of Contents (BARDIN, 2006), interviews have been made with the choreographers and the staff of the spectacles, resulting in elucidating answers to the understanding of their thematic axis. On the first chapter we called attention to motivating subjects as recollection, personal experiences, bibliography research, research in loco regarded as propelling forces of the creative works. Herein, folk culture is depicted as a dynamic process opening a frank dialogue with contemporary events and reinforcing their continuity. On the second chapter, we approached the aesthetic conformation and the scenic elements (costumes, light, scenario, make-up), integrating the studied spectacles and disseminating folk songs in various ways. As what concerns the subjects discourse, we have obtained support in authors like Robatto (1994); Lobo; Navas (2008); Burke (1989); Canclini (2006); Dufrenne (2005); Medeiros (2005); Pavis (2005); Silva (2005), among others. Those authors have provided us with an indispensable theoretic support which, added to the interviews, convinced us that the Parafolclórico Group s aesthetic conception tends to identify itself with the artist languages and other techniques of that Group. It also made sure that the Group s course aims at an aesthetic conception which is not limited to popular culture manifestations, like dance, but admits to play with other media in order to communicate its art. In view of this situation, we arrived to two conclusions: first: the group s interchanges emphasize the dynamic character of popular culture which, by establishing contacts with different realities, receives influences capable of extending its own continuity; second: the contemporary state of arts also improves multiple interchanges opening way, so, for many accomplishments in their field. Therefore, UFRN Parafolclórico Group inserts itself in the contemporary scenery by performing new evaluations of the popular dances as long as it puts them in contact with different technical, aesthetic, artist and culture combinations