An automatic documentation generator for (C)LP - Reference manual

Lpdoc is an automatic program documentation generator for (C)LP systems. Lpdoc generates a reference manual automatically from one or more source files for a logic program (including ISO-Prolog, Ciao, many CLP systems, ...). It is particularly useful for documenting library modules, for which it automatically generates a description of the module interface. However, lpdoc can also be used quite successfully to document full applications and to generate nicely formatted plain ascii "readme" files. A fundamental advantage of using lpdoc to document programs is that it is much easier to maintain a true correspondence between the program and its documentation, and to identify precisely to what version of the program a given printed manual corresponds. The quality of the documentation generated can be greatly enhanced by including within the program text: ��� assertions (types, modes, etc. ...) for the predicates in the program, and ��� machine-readable comments (in the "literate programming" style). The assertions and comments included in the source file need to be written using the Ciao system assertion language. A simple compatibility library is available to make traditional (constraint) logic programming systems ignore these assertions and comments allowing normal treatment of programs documented in this way. The documentation is currently generated in HTML or texinf o format. From the texinf o output, printed and on-line manuals in several formats (dvi, ps, info, etc.) can be easily generated automatically, using publicly available tools, lpdoc can also generate 'man' pages (Unix man page format) as well as brief descriptions in html or emacs info formats suitable for inclusion in an on-line index of applications. In particular, lpdoc can create and maintain fully automatically WWW and info sites containing on-line versions of the documents it produces. The lpdoc manual (and the Ciao system manuals) are generated by lpdoc. Lpdoc is distributed under the GNU general public license. Note: lpdoc is fully supported on Linux, Mac OS X, and other Un*x-like systems. Due to the use of several Un*x-related utilities, some documentation back-ends may require Cygwin under Win32. This documentation corresponds to version 3.0 (2011/7/7, 16:33:15 CEST).

Adapting a speech into sign language translation system to a new domain

This paper presents a methodology for adapting an advanced communication system for deaf people in a new domain. This methodology is a user-centered design approach consisting of four main steps: requirement analysis, parallel corpus generation, technology adaptation to the new domain, and finally, system evaluation. In this paper, the new considered domain has been the dialogues in a hotel reception. With this methodology, it was possible to develop the system in a few months, obtaining very good performance: good speech recognition and translation rates (around 90%) with small processing times.

C&T NO MEIO RURAL: A divulga����o de Ci��ncia e Tecnologia no programa televisivo Caminhos da Ro��a

Esta pesquisa examina o discurso de um programa televisivo regional brasileiro de canal aberto para identificar qual �� a linguagem utilizada na abordagem de assuntos de Ci��ncia e Tecnologia. O corpus comp��e-se de um recorte baseado nas exibi����es do ano de 2006 do programa televisivo Caminhos da Ro��a - criado e exibido desde 2002 pela EPTV Ribeir��o (Empresas Pioneiras de Televis��o) afiliada da Rede Globo em Ribeir��o Preto/SP. A proposta foi analisar, em rela����o ao formato, �� linguagem e aos conte��dos as mat��rias jornal��sticas que tratam especificamente de assuntos de ci��ncia e/ou tecnologia voltadas para o agroneg��cio e que tenham mostrado algum contato entre pesquisador e cidad��o do campo. Este trabalho, de natureza qualitativa, empregou a metodologia de An��lise de Discurso de linha Francesa (AD) e identificou C&T como um assunto bastante presente no Caminhos da Ro��a. Constatou-se ainda que, embora haja muita divulga����o de C&T n��o h�� um padr��o de aprofundamento desses assuntos e que a abordagem varia de edi����o para edi����o, al��m da ci��ncia ser mostrada em forma de tecnologia que se aplica ao campo. A linguagem empregada pelo Caminhos da Ro��a para o tratamento de assuntos de Ci��ncia e Tecnologia ��, predominantemente clara e simplificada e o discurso mais encontrado se define como uma mescla entre o tecnol��gico, o informativo e o pedag��gico.(AU)

C&T NO MEIO RURAL: A divulga����o de Ci��ncia e Tecnologia no programa televisivo Caminhos da Ro��a

Esta pesquisa examina o discurso de um programa televisivo regional brasileiro de canal aberto para identificar qual �� a linguagem utilizada na abordagem de assuntos de Ci��ncia e Tecnologia. O corpus comp��e-se de um recorte baseado nas exibi����es do ano de 2006 do programa televisivo Caminhos da Ro��a - criado e exibido desde 2002 pela EPTV Ribeir��o (Empresas Pioneiras de Televis��o) afiliada da Rede Globo em Ribeir��o Preto/SP. A proposta foi analisar, em rela����o ao formato, �� linguagem e aos conte��dos as mat��rias jornal��sticas que tratam especificamente de assuntos de ci��ncia e/ou tecnologia voltadas para o agroneg��cio e que tenham mostrado algum contato entre pesquisador e cidad��o do campo. Este trabalho, de natureza qualitativa, empregou a metodologia de An��lise de Discurso de linha Francesa (AD) e identificou C&T como um assunto bastante presente no Caminhos da Ro��a. Constatou-se ainda que, embora haja muita divulga����o de C&T n��o h�� um padr��o de aprofundamento desses assuntos e que a abordagem varia de edi����o para edi����o, al��m da ci��ncia ser mostrada em forma de tecnologia que se aplica ao campo. A linguagem empregada pelo Caminhos da Ro��a para o tratamento de assuntos de Ci��ncia e Tecnologia ��, predominantemente clara e simplificada e o discurso mais encontrado se define como uma mescla entre o tecnol��gico, o informativo e o pedag��gico.(AU)

Neural basis of an inherited speech and language disorder

Investigation of the three-generation KE family, half of whose members are affected by a pronounced verbal dyspraxia, has led to identification of their core deficit as one involving sequential articulation and orofacial praxis. A positron emission tomography activation study revealed functional abnormalities in both cortical and subcortical motor-related areas of the frontal lobe, while quantitative analyses of magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed structural abnormalities in several of these same areas, particularly the caudate nucleus, which was found to be abnormally small bilaterally. A recent linkage study [Fisher, S., Vargha-Khadem, F., Watkins, K. E., Monaco, A. P. & Pembry, M. E. (1998) Nat. Genet. 18, 168���170] localized the abnormal gene (SPCH1) to a 5.6-centiMorgan interval in the chromosomal band 7q31. The genetic mutation or deletion in this region has resulted in the abnormal development of several brain areas that appear to be critical for both orofacial movements and sequential articulation, leading to marked disruption of speech and expressive language.

Pars triangularis asymmetry and language dominance.

The pars triangular is a portion of Broca's area. The convolutions that form the inferior and caudal extent of the pars triangularis include the anterior horizontal and anterior ascending rami of the sylvian fissure, respectively. To learn if there are anatomic asymmetries of the pars triangularis, these convolutions were measured on volumetric magnetic resonance imaging scans of 11 patients who had undergone selective hemispheric anesthesia (Wada testing) to determine hemispheric speech and language lateralization. Of the 10 patients with language lateralized to the left hemisphere, 9 had a leftward asymmetry of the pars triangularis. The 1 patient with language lateralized to the right hemisphere had a significant rightward asymmetry of the pars triangularis. Our data suggest that asymmetries of the pars triangularis may be related to speech-language lateralization.

The roles of language processing in a spoken language interface.

This paper provides an overview of the colloquium's discussion session on natural language understanding, which followed presentations by M. Bates [Bates, M. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 9977-9982] and R. C. Moore [Moore, R. C. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 9983-9988]. The paper reviews the dual role of language processing in providing understanding of the spoken input and an additional source of constraint in the recognition process. To date, language processing has successfully provided understanding but has provided only limited (and computationally expensive) constraint. As a result, most current systems use a loosely coupled, unidirectional interface, such as N-best or a word network, with natural language constraints as a postprocess, to filter or resort the recognizer output. However, the level of discourse context provides significant constraint on what people can talk about and how things can be referred to; when the system becomes an active participant, it can influence this order. But sources of discourse constraint have not been extensively explored, in part because these effects can only be seen by studying systems in the context of their use in interactive problem solving. This paper argues that we need to study interactive systems to understand what kinds of applications are appropriate for the current state of technology and how the technology can move from the laboratory toward real applications.

Integration of speech with natural language understanding.

The integration of speech recognition with natural language understanding raises issues of how to adapt natural language processing to the characteristics of spoken language; how to cope with errorful recognition output, including the use of natural language information to reduce recognition errors; and how to use information from the speech signal, beyond just the sequence of words, as an aid to understanding. This paper reviews current research addressing these questions in the Spoken Language Program sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). I begin by reviewing some of the ways that spontaneous spoken language differs from standard written language and discuss methods of coping with the difficulties of spontaneous speech. I then look at how systems cope with errors in speech recognition and at attempts to use natural language information to reduce recognition errors. Finally, I discuss how prosodic information in the speech signal might be used to improve understanding.

Flexicurity e valorizzazione delle capability: l'impulso alla ri-regolamentazione del lavoro a termine = Flexicurity and enhancement of work capability: the impulse to re-regulation of labor. WP C.S.D.L.E. ���Massimo D���Antona���.INT ��� 97/2012

The paper analyzes the evolution of the concept of flexicurity in the european context. In this perspective, flexicurity is expressed through the language of the policies, showing an inherent weakness in influencing national reform processes. The essay compare also with the possibility of a re-reading of flexicurity policies, in the light of the theory of capabilities developed by Amartya Sen.

Language minority, illiteracy, and voting data used in making determinations for the Voting rights act amendments of 1975 (Public law 94-73).

Item 142-C

Cole��c��a��o de estudos e documentos a favor da refo��rma da ortografia em sentido so��nico /

Mode of access: Internet.

Language characteristics and academic achievement : a look at Asian and Hispanic eighth graders in NELS:88 /

"NCES 92-479."

Language minority children at risk in America : concepts, definitions and estimates /

Cover title.

An etymological dictionary of the English language /

Spine title: Oswald's etymological dictionary.