Les musiques tziganes mises en scène : construction mémorielle et réappropriation de soi

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte principalement sur la question de la réappropriation historique et musicale des Tziganes dans le docu-fiction Latcho Drom (1993) de Tony Gatlif. Dans un premier chapitre, il s’agit de comparer l’histoire écrite sur les Tziganes avec leur mise en image afin de déterminer comment le cinéaste apporte dans le langage audiovisuel de Latcho Drom un total renouveau dans le discours dominant. Dans cette perspective, l’appareil cinématographique se révèle être un médium de revendication et de réappropriation de l’être tzigane et de son histoire. Dans un deuxième chapitre, il est question de démontrer avec des études basées sur l’ethnomusicologie comment les musiques tziganes, sont rapidement assimilées au patrimoine culturel des sociétés européennes. Latcho Drom qui traduit avec justesse des expressions musicales très encrées de la vie de ces communautés, s’inscrit en contradiction avec la conception territorialiste de musicologues et ethnomusicologues qui refusent d’accorder à la musique tzigane légitimité et autonomie. Dans un troisième chapitre, il s’agit de déterminer comment le cinéaste cherche à faire entrer son spectateur dans un rapport de proximité avec les communautés de Latcho Drom afin de susciter en lui reconnaissance et empathie.

Causalité, explication scientifique et théorie économique

Le modèle déductivo-nomologique domine depuis longtemps la réflexion philosophique concernant l’explication en science économique. Or, pour plusieurs, comme James Woodward et Tony Lawson, ce modèle ne considère pas suffisamment la causalité dans l’explication. L’objectif de cet article est double : 1- renforcer la critique que Tony Lawson adresse à l’économie contemporaine et 2- évaluer la théorie alternative qu’il propose, le « réalisme critique », qui tente de réintroduire la causalité dans l’explication en science économique. Nous conclurons que les considérations causales sont très importantes pour l’explication en science économique mais aussi pour bien comprendre les limites de cette science.

Maximum Entropy Discrimination

We present a general framework for discriminative estimation based on the maximum entropy principle and its extensions. All calculations involve distributions over structures and/or parameters rather than specific settings and reduce to relative entropy projections. This holds even when the data is not separable within the chosen parametric class, in the context of anomaly detection rather than classification, or when the labels in the training set are uncertain or incomplete. Support vector machines are naturally subsumed under this class and we provide several extensions. We are also able to estimate exactly and efficiently discriminative distributions over tree structures of class-conditional models within this framework. Preliminary experimental results are indicative of the potential in these techniques.

Visual Speech Synthesis by Morphing Visemes

We present MikeTalk, a text-to-audiovisual speech synthesizer which converts input text into an audiovisual speech stream. MikeTalk is built using visemes, which are a small set of images spanning a large range of mouth shapes. The visemes are acquired from a recorded visual corpus of a human subject which is specifically designed to elicit one instantiation of each viseme. Using optical flow methods, correspondence from every viseme to every other viseme is computed automatically. By morphing along this correspondence, a smooth transition between viseme images may be generated. A complete visual utterance is constructed by concatenating viseme transitions. Finally, phoneme and timing information extracted from a text-to-speech synthesizer is exploited to determine which viseme transitions to use, and the rate at which the morphing process should occur. In this manner, we are able to synchronize the visual speech stream with the audio speech stream, and hence give the impression of a photorealistic talking face.

Perceptual Evaluation of Video-Realistic Speech

abstract With many visual speech animation techniques now available, there is a clear need for systematic perceptual evaluation schemes. We describe here our scheme and its application to a new video-realistic (potentially indistinguishable from real recorded video) visual-speech animation system, called Mary 101. Two types of experiments were performed: a) distinguishing visually between real and synthetic image- sequences of the same utterances, ("Turing tests") and b) gauging visual speech recognition by comparing lip-reading performance of the real and synthetic image-sequences of the same utterances ("Intelligibility tests"). Subjects that were presented randomly with either real or synthetic image-sequences could not tell the synthetic from the real sequences above chance level. The same subjects when asked to lip-read the utterances from the same image-sequences recognized speech from real image-sequences significantly better than from synthetic ones. However, performance for both, real and synthetic, were at levels suggested in the literature on lip-reading. We conclude from the two experiments that the animation of Mary 101 is adequate for providing a percept of a talking head. However, additional effort is required to improve the animation for lip-reading purposes like rehabilitation and language learning. In addition, these two tasks could be considered as explicit and implicit perceptual discrimination tasks. In the explicit task (a), each stimulus is classified directly as a synthetic or real image-sequence by detecting a possible difference between the synthetic and the real image-sequences. The implicit perceptual discrimination task (b) consists of a comparison between visual recognition of speech of real and synthetic image-sequences. Our results suggest that implicit perceptual discrimination is a more sensitive method for discrimination between synthetic and real image-sequences than explicit perceptual discrimination.

ZeroWIN Vision Conference

*Test* to check feasibility for use for ZeroWIN conference

Spectra info & resources

Resources and info updates for the Spectra Roadshow. SPECTRA LOGO for use on posters, etc...

ZeroWIN Vision Conference July 6 2010 - speakers' presentations

Copy of all presentations from ZeroWIN Vision Conference

ZeroWIN General Meeting July 5,7,8 2010, Southampton - Presentations

Presentations from the 3 days of General Meeting in Southampton.

Ask the Scientist project

Resources for the project

Estado del arte acerca de las discusiones teóricas sobre soberanía del estado y la unión monetaria europea entre 2002 - 2010. Caso: El Reino Unido

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo el Estado del arte acerca de la discusión teórica de la repercusión de la unión monetaria en el principio de soberanía nacional, específicamente el caso de Gran Bretaña, ya que éste es el único país que expresa abiertamente su incertidumbre referente a algún tipo de amenaza a su soberanía. Se pretende precisar si existen criterios concluyentes, o por el contrario determinar si no hay claridad con respecto al futuro de Gran Bretaña como miembro de la unión monetaria.A partir de lo anterior, se plantean como sus propósitos particulares construir un marco conceptual acerca de la soberanía. Este estado del arte se inicia con citas de los principales autores de finales de siglo XVII y XVIII y finaliza con las posiciones conceptuales aportadas por los teóricos modernos motivados por el nacimiento de la Unión Europea como un nuevo orden político. Entre las que se citan: modelo centrico o intergubernamentalista, modelo de gobernabilidad multi-nivel, modelo neo-funcionalista y modelo federalista. Igualmente, el trabajo, busca desarrollar un marco conceptual sobre Unión Monetaria y su evolución hasta el logro de una unión fiscal europea en el periodo de 1950-2010, establecer las relaciones teóricas entre Soberanía del Estado y Unión Monetaria y por último realizar un análisis histórico hermenéutico de la Unión Europea y el caso del Reino Unido de acuerdo a las relaciones evidenciadas en los apartados teóricos entre soberanía del Estado y Unión Monetaria.

Getting Started With Open Data

This lecture introduces an array of data sources that can be used to create new applications and visualisations, many examples of which are given. Additionally, there are a number of slides on open data standards, freedom of information requests and how to affect the future of open data.

ZeroWIN 2012

For storing and sharing ZeroWIN documents

Transformers 2

A 44 minute introduction to the concepts of equivalent circuits, voltage regulation and per unit notation by Prof Jan Sykulski of the University of Southampton.