Non-tax revenue of subnational governments: theoretical background, experience from an international perspective and recommendations

Includes bibliography

The trade union system: its background and future prospects

Includes bibliography

The global crisis of capitalism and its theoretical background

Includes bibliography

Adjustment, redeployment or transformation?: background and options in the current situation

Includes bibliography

Does background colouration affect the behaviour of tadpoles? An experimental approach with an odonate predator

Predation is a primary driver of tadpole assemblages, and the activity rate is a good predictor of the tadpoles' tolerance for predation risk. The conflicting demands between activity and exposure to predation can generate suboptimal behaviours. Because morphological components, such as body colouration, may affect the activity of tadpoles, we predict that environmental features that enhance or match the tadpole colouration should affect their survival or activity rate in the presence of a predator. We tested this prediction experimentally by assessing the mortality rate of tadpoles of Rhinella schneideri and Eupemphix nattereri and the active time on two artificial background types: one bright-coloured and one black-coloured. We found no difference in tadpole mortality due to the background type. However, R. schneideri tadpoles were more active than E. nattereri tadpoles, and the activity of R. schneideri was reduced less in the presence of the predator than that of E. nattereri. Although the background colouration did not affect the tadpole mortality rate, it was a stimulus that elicited behavioural responses in the tadpoles, leading them to adjust their activity rate to the type of background colour. © 2013 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italia.

Antecedentes, organización y programas del Centro Latinoamericano de Documentación Económica y Social = Background, organization and programmes of the Latin American Centre for Economic and Social Documentation

Incluye Bibliografía

Ninth Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Mexico City, 10-12 June 2004: background information

Includes bibliography

Séptima Conferencia Regional sobre la Integración de la Mujer en el Desarrollo Económico y Social de América Latina y el Caribe: folleto informativo = Seventh Session of the Regional Conference on the Integration of Women into the Economic and Social Development of Latin America and the Caribbean: background information

Incluye Bibliografía

Antecedentes y objetivos de la Conferencia, temario provisional, anotaciones al temario provisional = Background and objectives of the Conference, provisional agenda, annotations of the provisional agenda = Historique et objectifs de la Conférence, ordre du jour provisoire, annotations à l'ordre du jour provisoire

Incluye Bibliografía

Background and mandate of Ad Hoc Working Group for Transportation Planning

Contiene los antecedentes del Grupo Especial de Trabajo sobre Planificacion del Transporte y el mandato, acordado por los Ministros en la Quinta Sesion del CDCC, sobre el desarrollo de un programa en el sector transporte, en especial transporte maritimo, en base a recomendaciones hechas en estudios anteriores.

Background and mandate of Ad Hoc Working Group of Planners in Agriculture

Contiene una vision general del proposito de este grupo de trabajo del CDCC en lo que se refiere a las tareas de formular estrategias para el desarrollo del sector agricola en la region.