(Table 1) Magnetic susceptibility, lithologic composition and stable isotope record for ODP Hole 132-810C

Site 810 was drilled atop Shatsky Rise during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 132. The principal objective at Site 810 was to drill interbedded cherts and chalks of Mesozoic age using the diamond coring system (DCS). The objective was not achieved because of difficulties in setting up the reentry cone on the seafloor; however, a shortened section of Cretaceous-Cenozoic nannofossil ooze was recovered with the advanced piston corer (APC). Although the section is interrupted by hiatuses, the upper 50 m carry detailed information relating to biogenic productivity, water chemistry, and eolian input during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Four holes were drilled at Site 810. Hole 810A consists of a single mud-line core for an ongoing ODP geriatric study. The second hole (Hole 810B) was washed to 60 mbsf (without core recovery) to provide information required for setting the 16-in. casing attached to the reentry cone. Hole 810C penetrated 136.1 mbsf, mostly with the APC, with a total recovery of 143.81 m of nannofossil ooze. A reentry cone was placed over Hole 810D but no casing was successfully suspended in the hole and no sediment was cored. This data report presents the results of shore-based high-resolution analyses of carbonate and oxygen isotopic variations in the upper 50 m of the section at Site 810 and compares these variations with the shipboard determinations of magnetic susceptibility and GRAPE bulk density from the multisensor track.

Application of low temperature plasmas for restoration/conservation of archaeological objects

The low-temperature low-pressure hydrogen based plasmas were used to study the influence of processes and discharge conditions on corrosion removal. The capacitive coupled RF discharge in the continuous or pulsed regime was used at operating pressure of 100-200 Pa. Plasma treatment was monitored by optical emission spectroscopy. To be able to study influence of various process parameters, the model corroded samples with and without sandy incrustation were prepared. The SEM-EDX analyzes were carried out to verify corrosion removal efficiency. Experimental conditions were optimized for the selected most frequent materials of original metallic archaeological objects (iron, bronze, copper, and brass). Chlorides removal is based on hydrogen ion reactions while oxides are removed mainly by neutral species interactions. A special focus was kept for the samples temperature because it was necessary to avoid any metallographic changes in the material structure. The application of higher power pulsed regime with low duty cycle seems be the best treatment regime. The low pressure hydrogen plasma is not applicable for objects with a very broken structure or for nonmetallic objects due to the non-uniform heat stress. Due to this fact, the new developed plasmas generated in liquids were applied on selected original archaeological glass materials.

Makespaces: From Redistributed Manufacturing to a Circular Economy

Redistributed manufacturing is an emerging concept which captures the anticipated reshoring and localisation of production from large scale manufacturing plants to smaller-scale localised, customisable production units, largely driven by new additive digital production technologies. Critically, community based digital fabrication workshops, or makespaces, are anticipated to be the hothouse for this new era of localised production and as such are key to future sustainable design and manufacturing practices. In parallel, the concept of the circular economy (CE) conceptualises the move from a linear economy of take-make-waste to a closed loop system, through repair, remanufacturing, refurbishment and recycling which maintains the value of materials and resources. Despite the clear interplay between RdM and CE, there is limited research exploring this relationship. In light of these interconnected developments, the aim of this paper is to explore the role of makespaces in contributing to a circular economy through RdM activities. This is achieved through six semi-structured interviews with thought leaders on these topics. The research findings identify barriers and opportunities to both CE and RdM, uncover key overlaps between CE and RdM, and identify a range of future research directions that can support the coming together of these areas. The research contributes to a wider conversation on embedding circular practices within makespaces and their role in RdM.

CULTIVATING THE O-SHAPED ENGINEER

With roots in the realm of construction, products and the physical world, it is not surprising that design and engineering education is grounded within the paradigm of consumerism and growth, perpetuating an unsustainable system. With a primary sustainability focus on material improvements, students are rarely asked to question the context into which their designs will fit, or to explore how their designs can promote a different (more sustainable) future rather than just a less unsustainable one. While we remain within this economic paradigm, even the T-shaped designer, with a broad general knowledge and deep expertise in one specific area, at best has potential to reduce negative environmental impact rather than to create positive social and environmental benefit. As such, the T-shaped engineer is allowed little opportunity to creatively explore more sustainable alternatives using systems-level thinking. This paper explores how we can prepare the next generation of designers and engineers to maximise their inherent skills to address the most intractable global issues, currently considered outside of their traditional remit. It questions the notion of the T-shaped designer, and proposes instead the O-shaped designer whose primary concern is circular systems, worldviews, synergies and relationships. The paper examines some of the tools used in depth, explaining some unexpected but essential components. Through two case studies it will show how their application is generating sustainable innovation and delivering new O-Shaped calibre of design engineers, ready to rebuild the future.

Makespaces: From Redistributed Manufacturing to a Circular Economy

Redistributed manufacturing is an emerging concept which captures the anticipated reshoring and localisation of production from large scale mass manufacturing plants to smaller-scale localised, customisable production units, largely driven by new digital production technologies. Critically, community-based digital fabrication workshops, or makespaces, are anticipated to be one hothouse for this new era of localised production and as such are key to future sustainable design and manufacturing practices. In parallel, the concept of the circular economy conceptualises the move from a linear economy of take-make-waste to a closed loop system, through repair, remanufacturing, and recycling to ultimately extend the value of products and materials. Despite the clear interplay between redistributed manufacturing and circular economy, there is limited research exploring this relationship. In light of these interconnected developments, the aim of this paper is to explore the role of makespaces in contributing to a circular economy through redistributed manufacturing activities. This is achieved through six semi-structured interviews with thought leaders on these topics. The research findings identify barriers and opportunities to both circular economy and redistributed manufacturing, uncover overlaps between circular economy and redistributed manufacturing, and identify a range of future research directions that can support the coming together of these areas. The research contributes to a wider conversation on embedding circular practices within makespaces and their role in redistributed manufacturing.

Are we asking the right questions? Rethinking post-graduate design education towards sustainable visions for the future

Our society is currently facing complex challenges, such us climate change, loss of biodiversity, ageing population, unemployment, to name but a few. This has created growing expectations on designers and engineers to explore, experiment and implement innovative solutions to such issues. At this critical time, if we want design to be part of the solution, we need to wonder whether we are asking designers suitable and sustainable questions. Both in post-graduate design education and in business, the brief still overwhelmingly requires designers to follow a linear problem-solving approach that focuses on product rather than strategies, services and systems. Traditional design briefs result no longer appropriate to face the challenges of our unsustainable world, as they relate to market, growth economy and human needs rather than society, business models and the needs of nature. Instead, we need to be asking questions about, for example, how we create sustainable business opportunities, how we overcome the barriers for change, or how we facilitate the process of innovation through design methodology. If the role of design is to create new visions and outline strategic directions towards a sustainable future world - for policy makers, businesses, communities and individual citizens – we need those stakeholders to create briefs for designers that allow them to do that. This paper will explain how the reframing of questions has been embedded into SustainRCA’s teaching practice in post-graduate design, art and engineering, leading to the development of new tools and methods, as well as some innovative outcomes

Chicken Run: A Chicken-Centred Design Research Project

Chicken Run, an experimental project still in development, sees designers and scientists working together to explore ideas to improve poultry welfare in commercial facilities, applying user-centred design to all key stakeholders: farmer, consumer and chicken. Exploring various aspects of the chicken’s journey from egg to plate, the process has allowed researchers to better understand their needs and to maximise joined-up positive impact. The paper describes the ongoing process where Initial proposals including perches, bales and an app to enable consumers to make the right chicken purchase choices have been developed and tested. Co-authored by leaders of the design and scientific communities involved in the project, the paper describes the issues, design methods used, as well as some of the learning from the cross-disciplinary process. It also provides an update on progress of selected design ideas that are currently being developed with a commercial poultry farm, drawing out the challenges and successes encountered.

Adaptação de exercícios de trompete, trombone e tuba para eufónio

Tendo por base a literatura existente para instrumentos de sopro de metal, e a parca quantidade de literatura tanto em português como especificamente para eufónio, a presente dissertação apresenta uma adaptação de exercícios técnicos de trompete, trombone e tuba para eufónio, com conselhos e exercícios de respiração e buzzing. Para tal, foi criado um guia que apresenta conselhos que devem orientar a prática individual, assim como alguns exercícios para desenvolvimento de capacidades referentes às duas problemáticas previamente mencionadas. O guia foi utilizado por alunos de idades variadas e em fases distintas do percurso académico, tendo sido registada a evolução decorrente do estudo do manual. Os resultados indicam uma evolução positiva dos tópicos em estudo. Conclui-se que os conselhos e exercícios propostos permitem uma maior facilidade na prática instrumental, beneficiando o controlo da respiração e a qualidade da produção sonora.

What's the Matter with Extended Techniques? Getting Beyond the Stigma in the Horn and Percussion Repertoire

For this project I prepared a series of recitals featuring music for horn and percussion, in which the horn part featured extended horn techniques. For this project, I considered anything beyond the open or muted horn an extended technique. These techniques range from the common hand-stopped note passages to complex new techniques involving half-valves, multi-phonics, and more, for new sounds desired by the composer. There are several pieces written for solo horn and percussion, with ensembles ranging from simple duets to solo horn with a full percussion ensemble. However, few include extended techniques for the horn. All of these select pieces are lesser known because of their difficulty, primarily because of the challenge of the extended techniques requested by the composer. In the introduction to this paper I give a brief background to the project, where the current repertoire stands, and my experiences with commissioning works for this genre. I then give a brief history and how-to on the more common extended techniques, which were found in almost every piece. I separated these techniques so that they could be referenced in the performance notes without being extremely repetitive in their description. Then follows the main performance notes of the repertoire chosen, which includes a brief description of the piece itself and a longer discussion for performers and composers who wish to learn more about these techniques. In this section my primary focus is the extended techniques used and I provide score samples with permission to further the education of the next musicians to tackle this genre. All works performed for this project were recorded and accompany this paper in the Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (DRUM). The following works were included in this project: o Howard J. Buss, Dreams from the Shadows (2015) o Howard J. Buss, Night Tide (1995) o George Crumb, An Idyll for the Misbegotten, trans. Robert Patterson (1986/1997) o Charles Fernandez, Metamorphosis: A Horn’s Life, “Prenatal and Toddler” (2016, unfinished) o Helen Gifford, Of Old Angkor (1995) o Douglas Hill, Thoughtful Wanderings… (1990) o Pierre-Yves Level, Duetto pour Cor en Fa et Percussion (1999) o David Macbride, Elegy for Horn and Timpani (2009) o Brian Prechtl, A Song of David (1995) o Verne Reynolds, HornVibes (1986) o Pablo Salazar, Cincontar (2016) o Mark Schultz, Dragons in the Sky (1989) o Faye-Ellen Silverman, Protected Sleep (2007) o Charles Taylor, Sonata for Horn and Marimba (1991) o Robert Wolk, Tessellations (2016) With this project, I intend to promote these pieces and the techniques used to encourage more works written in this style, and reveal to fellow horn players that the techniques should not prevent these great works from being performed. Due to the lack of repertoire, I successfully commissioned new pieces featuring extended techniques, which were featured in the final recital.

Intercultural musical learning in the era of technology

Foreign students abroad need to feel integrated in the new community, which includes complex learning processes in multicultural environments. The fact that we have experienced these processes ourselves was certainly a motivation for this research, especially knowing that we could contribute to help our fellow Portuguese brass players undergoing the same experience. From the singularity of music performance in the style of playing and communication emerge many cultural aspects, which have been developed through centuries of orchestral practice. As the new students are confronted with the aesthetic musical concepts and both professional and social practices of the country they arrive in, they strive to understand these concepts and adapt themselves to the values promoted by the new music practice. The aim of this on-going research is the study of the integration of brass music students in German universities and in the German society. Notably, through the understanding of intercultural processes experienced by the students, professors can become more aware of the challenges that concern music education. In this research all ten Portuguese brass students enrolled in any German music university in the last five years were interviewed in order to deeply understand this process. With a growing importance of the technological facilities, students are able to gather more information, to prepare themselves for the new concepts they try to embrace and to better deal with a different culture.

Posibles funciones de la familia génica de la glutamato descarboxilasa en Populus

Aunque hace más de 50 años que se describió que la glutamato descarboxilasa (GAD) lleva a cabo la descarboxilación del glutamato para producir GABA, y en animales ha sido muy estudiada debido al papel del GABA como neurotransmisor, la información disponible sobre las GADs de plantas es aún limitada, conociéndose sólo algunos aspectos de la regulación por calcio de su actividad enzimática o de expresión de algunos de los genes de su familia génica. El GABA es un metabolito que tradicionalmente se ha asociado a estrés, pero su papel en plantas todavía no está claro. En las últimas dos décadas los resultados experimentales obtenidos sobre la GAD y el GABA, destacando las alteraciones fenotípicas mostradas por plantas tratadas con GABA y por plantas transgénicas para GAD, han generado preguntas interesantes sobre el posible papel de este metabolito y la enzima en señalización en plantas. En plantas, son varios los papeles que se han propuesto para el metabolismo del GABA tales como su participación como componente del metabolismo del carbono y del nitrógeno (Fait y col., 2008), protección frente especies reactivas de oxigeno (Liu y col., 2011), regulación de la expresión génica incluyendo la regulación de genes implicados en la síntesis de hormonas (Khatiresan y col., 1997; Shi y col., 2010; Lancien y Roberts, 2006) y señalización a larga distancia (Beuve y col., 2004) y en gradiente guiando el crecimiento del tubo polínico (Palanivelu y col., 2013). Nuestro grupo de investigación ha sugerido un papel novedoso para la producción de GABA durante la xilogénesis en pino (Molina-Rueda y col., 2010, 2015). En base a estos antecedentes, los objetivos planteados para este trabajo han sido: la asignación de posibles funciones a las GADs de Populus en condiciones normales de crecimiento y en estrés abióticos, estudiar la adquisición del dominio de unión a calmodulina (CaMBD) de las GADs de plantas vasculares y analizar el efecto del GABA y del glutamato en las raíces de Populus. Las conclusiones que se derivan de los resultados de este trabajo se detallan a continuación. El dominio de unión a calmodulina de la GAD de plantas esta conservado en GADs de plantas consideradas ancestros de plantas vasculares y ausente en plantas no vasculares, lo que sitúa juntos en la evolución los eventos de adquisición del dominio de unión a CaM y el desarrollo del tejido vascular de plantas. Los resultados similares de la localización de GABA en xilema y una expresión GAD asociada a la formación de madera de reacción tanto en pino como en chopo apuntan a un papel relevante de la producción de GABA durante la xilogénesis en leñosas. La familia génica GAD posee seis genes codificando todos ellos para proteínas aparentemente funcionales y susceptibles de ser reguladas por calcio. Esta familia génica ha sufrido duplicaciones y eventos de especialización durante la evolución de Populus. Este trabajo ha posibilitado la asociación entre papeles específicos y los diferentes genes de esta familia. Beuvé N, Rispail N, Laine P, Cliquet J-B, Ourry A, Deunff F (2004) Putative role of Υ-aminobutyric acid as a long-distance signal in up-regulation of nitrate uptake in Brassica napus L. Plant Cell Environ. 27: 1035-1046 Fait A, Fromm H, Walter D, Galili G, Fernie AR (2008) Highway or byway: the metabolic role of the GABA shunt in plants. Trends in plant science 13: 14-19 Kathiresan A, Tung P, Chinnappa CC, Reid DM (1997) gamma-Aminobutyric acid stimulates ethylene biosynthesis in sunflower. Plant Physiol. 115: 129-135 Lancien M, Roberts MR (2006) Regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana 14-3-3 gene expression by ϒ-aminobutyric acid. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 1430-1436 Liu C, Zhao L, Yu G (2011) The dominant glutamic acid metabolic flux to produce gamma-amino butyric acid over proline in Nicotiana tabacum leaves under water stress relates to its significant role in antioxidant activity. Journal of integrative plant biology 53: 608-618 Molina-Rueda JJ, Pascual MB, Canovas FM, Gallardo F (2010) Characterization and developmental expression of a glutamate decarboxylase from maritime pine. Planta 232: 1471-1483 Molina-Rueda, J.J. y col., 2015. A putative role for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in vascular development in pine seedlings. Planta 241: 257-267 Palanivelu R, Brass L, Edlund AF, D P (2003) Pollen tube growth and guidance is regulated by POP2, an Arabidopsis gene that controls GABA levels. Cell 114: 47-59 Shi SQ, Shi Z, Jiang ZP, Qi LW, Sun XM, Li CX, Liu JF, Xiao WF, Zhang SG (2010) Effects of exogenous GABA on gene expression of Caragana intermedia roots under NaCl stress: regulatory roles for H2O2 and ethylene production. Plant, cell & environment 33: 149-162

Subjetividades políticas desde la representación : fotografía documental del campesinado en Colombia (1965-1975)

Esta investigación explora arqueológicamente el saber constituido sobre el campesinado en Colombia, en el período de 1965-1975, tomando como material empírico principal un archivo fotográfico documental que relacionaremos con hemerografía y las reconstrucciones socio-históricas de la década. Nuestro propósito es relacionar el archivo, sus condiciones, su porvenir, medios y definiciones con la constitución de subjetividades políticas. Las subjetividades son entendidas aquí en tanto procesos que al referir universos simbólicos socialmente compartidos, dotan al sujeto de un lenguaje cultural que a continuación internaliza, y adquiere así una singularidad que lo caracteriza y finalmente lo representa como “ser colectivo”. Descifraremos, a través de lo visible y lo oculto de las representaciones fotográficas, los enunciados posibles y las aproximaciones desde la sociología. Veremos como los discursos, por demás contradictorios, fungen a manera de proyectos de homogeneización de la cultura campesina efectuándose en la esfera de la heterogeneidad: campesinos marcados por diferencias entre sí, multiplicidad de subjetividades implicadas políticamente en los procesos inscritos dentro de la reforma agraria.