Prevalencia de lesao do septo nasal em prematuros no uso de prongas nasais

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à lesão do septo nasal em prematuros sob uso de ventilação não invasiva. Estudo transversal, cujos dados foram coletados entre março e julho de 2012 por meio de busca em prontuários, entrevistas às mães e avaliação nasal de 47 prematuros, na Unidade Neonatal de um Hospital Universitário da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, região nordeste do Brasil. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e bivariada por meio do teste qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, utilizando o software SPSS. A prevalência de lesão nasal foi de 68,1%, associada ao baixo peso ao nascer e à duração do tratamento. A prevalência de lesão nasal na população estudada é elevada e associa-se ao baixo peso ao nascer e ao tempo de permanência em ventilação não invasiva. Infere-se a necessidade de ações preventivas, como cuidados de Enfermagem contínuos, adequação dos dispositivos e educação permanente em serviço.

Mapping the nursing care with the NIC for patients in risk for pressure ulcer

Objective:To identify the nursing care prescribed for patients in risk for pressure ulcer (PU) and to compare those with the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) interventions. Method: Cross mapping study conducted in a university hospital. The sample was composed of 219 adult patients hospitalized in clinical and surgical units. The inclusion criteria were: score ≤ 13 in the Braden Scale and one of the nursing diagnoses, Self-Care deficit syndrome, Impaired physical mobility, Impaired tissue integrity, Impaired skin integrity, Risk for impaired skin integrity. The data were collected retrospectively in a nursing prescription system and statistically analyzed by crossed mapping. Result: It was identified 32 different nursing cares to prevent PU, mapped in 17 different NIC interventions, within them: Skin surveillance, Pressure ulcer prevention and Positioning. Conclusion: The cross mapping showed similarities between the prescribed nursing care and the NIC interventions.

Nursing care mapping for patients at risk of falls in the Nursing Interventions Classification

Objective: Identifying the prescribed nursing care for hospitalized patients at risk of falls and comparing them with the interventions of the Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC). Method: A cross-sectional study carried out in a university hospital in southern Brazil. It was a retrospective data collection in the nursing records system. The sample consisted of 174 adult patients admitted to medical and surgical units with the Nursing Diagnosis of Risk for falls. The prescribed care were compared with the NIC interventions by the cross-mapping method. Results: The most prevalent care were the following: keeping the bed rails, guiding patients/family regarding the risks and prevention of falls, keeping the bell within reach of patients, and maintaining patients’ belongings nearby, mapped in the interventions Environmental Management: safety and Fall Prevention. Conclusion: The treatment prescribed in clinical practice was corroborated by the NIC reference.


Heart failure as a predictor of functional dependence in hospitalized elderly

AbstractOBJECTIVEIdentify whether Heart Failure (HF) is a predictor of functional dependence for Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) in hospitalized elderly.METHODSWe investigated medical records and assessed dependence to BADL (by the Katz Index) of 100 elderly admitted to a geriatric ward of a university hospital. In order to verify if HF is a predictor of functional dependence, linear regression analyzes were performed.RESULTSThe prevalence of HF was 21%; 95% of them were dependent for BADLs. Bathing was the most committed ADL. HF is a predictor of dependence in hospitalized elderlies, increasing the chance of functional decline by 5 times (95% CI, 0.94-94.48), the chance of functional deterioration by 3.5 times (95% CI, 1.28-11.66; p <0.02) and reducing 0.79 points in the Katz Index score (p <0.05).CONCLUSIONHF is a dependency predictor of ADL in hospitalized elderly, who tend to be more dependent, especially for bathing.

Laser therapy in pressure ulcers: evaluation by the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing and Nursing Outcomes Classification

AbstractOBJECTIVETo describe the pressure ulcer healing process in critically ill patients treated with conventional dressing therapy plus low-intensity laser therapy evaluated by the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) and the result of Wound Healing: Secondary Intention, according to the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).METHODCase report study according to nursing process conducted with an Intensive Care Unit patient. Data were collected with an instrument containing the PUSH and the result of the NOC. In the analysis we used descriptive statistics, considering the scores obtained on the instrument.RESULTSA reduction in the size of lesions of 7cm to 1.5cm of length and 6cm to 1.1cm width, in addition to the increase of epithelial tissue and granulation, decreased secretion and odor.CONCLUSIONThere was improvement in the healing process of the lesion treated with adjuvant therapy and the use of NOC allowed a more detailed and accurate assessment than the PUSH.

Validity of the Katz Index to assess activities of daily living by informants in neuropathological studies

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the evidences of construct validity of the Katz Index for the retrospective assessment of activities of daily living (ADL) by informants, to assist neuropathological studies in the elderly. METHOD A cross-sectional study analyzed the functional ability of ADL measure by the Katz Index, of 650 cases randomly selected from the Brazilian Brain Bank of the Ageing Brain Study Group (BBBABSG) database. Sample was divided in two subsamples for the analysis (N=325, each) and then stratified according to cognitive decline assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Factor analyses with calculations of internal consistency and invariance were performed. RESULTS Factor analysis evidenced a unidimensional instrument with optimal internal consistency, in all subgroups. Goodness of fit indices were obtained after two treatments of covariance, indicating adequacy of the scale for assessing ADL by informants. The scale is invariant to cognitive decline meaning that it can be used for subjects with or without cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Katz Index is valid for the retrospective assessment of basic ADL by informants, with optimal reliability.

Carga de trabalho de enfermagem: preditor de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde na terapia intensiva?

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a influência da carga de trabalho de enfermagem na ocorrência de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde (IRAS) em pacientes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), segundo o tipo de tratamento. Método Estudo de coorte retrospectivo desenvolvido em nove UTI em São Paulo, Brasil, de setembro a dezembro de 2012. A carga de trabalho de enfermagem foi mensurada pelo Nursing Activities Score (NAS). Os testes T-Student, Exato de Fisher e regressões logísticas foram utilizados nas análises. Resultados A casuística foi composta por 835 pacientes (54,3±17,3 anos; 57,5% do sexo masculino), dentre os quais 12,5% adquiriram IRAS na UTI. O NAS dos pacientes admitidos para tratamento clínico foi de 71,3±10,9 e para cirúrgico, 71,6±9,2. O tempo de permanência na unidade e a gravidade foram fatores preditivos para ocorrência de IRAS em pacientes admitidos nas UTI para tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico e o sexo masculino apenas para pacientes cirúrgicos. Ao considerar as admissões independentes do tipo de tratamento, além das variáveis citadas, o índice de comorbidades também permaneceu no modelo de regressão. O NAS não foi fator preditivo de IRAS. Conclusão A carga de trabalho de enfermagem não exerceu influência na ocorrência de IRAS nos pacientes deste estudo.

Morfogènesi de pilars de terra (earth Pillars, hoodoos). Exemples de la Riera de Gaià (Vallès Occidental, Barcelona) i del Bernal de Yátor (Las Alpujarras, Granada)

The origin and the primary features of the erosive earth pillar-like formations that develop in the Riera de Gaià (Barcelona) and in the Bernal de Yátor (Granada) are described. They are dynamic formations typical of areas subjected to strong water erosion

Estudio de ideas y propuestas para la ordenación del ámbito central del POTLA

Proyecto presentado en el concurso de dos fases: 1ª fase: estudio de ideas y propuestas para la ordenación del ámbito central del POTLA.2ª fase: POI y estudio de impacto ambiental del llano central, POT

Las rutas del libro atlántico: libros enviados en el navío de Honduras (1557-1700)

En este trabajo se analizan los envíos de libros en el navío de Honduras, que viajaba entre Sevilla y los puertos atlánticos de la costa centroamericana. Examinamos una muestra de 52 registros de navíos, que suponen un 20% del total. Esto nos ha permitido localizar lotes de libros declarados en 34 barcos, en los que se han encontrado 130 envíos de libros. Este conjunto ayuda a detectar las claves del circuito de llegada de los libros, muy poco conocido, por medio de comerciantes, libreros y particulares. El estudio de los intermediarios también permitió localizar algunas de las redes que intervienen en ese tráfico de libros. Por último, el estudio de los títulos embarcados ha llevado a encontrar una muestra significativa de los textos impresos en Europa que llegaron en los siglos XVI y XVII al área de Guatemala y Honduras.

La circulación de libros entre el viejo y el nuevo mundo en la Sevilla de finales del siglo XVI y comienzos del siglo XVII

Este artículo intenta sintetizar los mecanismos de circulación de libros a través de la Carrera de Indias a finales del siglo XVI y comienzos del siglo XVII. En una primera parte se expone la situación general de la librería en la Península y en Sevilla, para desarrollar más tarde el estudio de un conjunto de envíos de libros a Quito a través de las redes comerciales sevillanas. Este estudio de caso revela la variada participación de diferentes agentes en la distribución de libros y los medios de que se valen para hacer llegar los libros a territorio americano. Las listas de títulos analizadas permiten evaluar distintas tipologías de envíos y conocer la diferente circulación de obras en los circuitos de distribución de la Carrera de Indias, a la vez, en una primera aproximación, da cuenta de sus destinatarios y de las redes comerciales de intercambio en las que se insertan estas obras.

La investigación sobre El Pirulejo. Una aproximación interdisciplinar

El estudio interdisciplinar que constituye esta obra pone de manifiesto que El Pirulejo es el mejor yacimiento conocido para el conocimiento del Tardiglaciar en las comarcas interiores del sur de la Península Ibérica. El enclave conserva una secuencia muy rica en cantidad, calidad y diversidad de materiales arqueológicos que han permitido un análisis desde múltiples ópticas (cultura material, manifestaciones simbólicas, paleoeconomía, secuencia paleoambiental, etc.).