Encapsulated specialty oils commercialized in São Paulo state, Brazil: evaluation of identity (fatty acid profile) and compliance of fatty acids and Vitamin E contents with nutrition labeling

Encapsulated specialty oils commercialized in São Paulo state, Brazil, were evaluated for their identity (fatty acids profile) and compliance with nutrition labeling (fatty acids and Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) contents). Twenty one samples [flaxseed oil (6), evening primrose (5), safflower (8), borage (1), and black currant (1)] purchased from local markets or collected by the health surveillance agency were analyzed. The fatty acids and vitamin E contents were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and liquid chromatography with UV detector, respectively. Nine samples were adulterated (5 samples of safflower oil, 3 of flaxseed oil, and one of evening primrose). Among them, 3 flaxseed and 2 safflower oil samples were probably adulterated by the addition of soybean oil. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was found in two safflower oils samples although the sale of oils with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is not permitted by the National Health Surveillance Agency in Brazil (ANVISA). Only two samples presented all values in compliance with nutrition labeling (one safflower oil sample and one borage oil sample). The results show that a continuous monitoring of encapsulated specialty oils commercialized in Brazil is necessary including a greater number of samples and sanitary surveillance.

Evaluation of hygienic-sanitary conditions of hospital nutrition and dietary services from the perspectives of internal and external auditors

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of hospital nutrition and dietary services using external and internal auditors. Eleven hospitals were evaluated for their nutrition and dietary services using an evaluation checklist based on food safety requirements in the current legislation. The checklist was applied by an internal auditor (a technical supervisor) and an external auditor (a professional with experience in food services) between August and October 2011. According to the number of items on the evaluation checklist that were considered adequate, the hospital facilities were ranked as excellent, good, regular, bad, or very bad. The results obtained by the auditors were compared. According to these results, it can be said that most of the hospital nutrition and dietary services were rated as good for overall quality by the internal auditor, while the external auditor classified them as Regular. There was a clear difference between the evaluations of the auditors, both in terms of the number of items considered adequate and the overall requirements' average score. It can be concluded that hospital nutrition and dietary services should meet safety requirements in order to provide food. These facilities should have external audits conducted as a way to prevent routine problems from being perpetuated.

Nutrition Campaign

McDonald's wished to promote the nutritional value of its menu items.

The role of vermiculite in the fixation of potassium in soils and the availability of potassium for vine nutrition in some Niagara vineyards

The Niagara P e n i n s u l a Supports a f l o u r i s h i n g grape and wine i n d u s t r y , where much of the potassium f e r t i l i z e r a p p l i e d to the vineyard s o i l s may not show up in the f r u i t or vines but is fixed by the clay m i n e r a l s in the s o i l . Soil samples were c o l l e c t e d on a n o r t h - s o u t h l i ne through a high d e n s i t y of v i n e y a r d s and examined by x - r a y d i f f r a c t i o n to determine the r e l a t i o n s h i p of potassium with r e s p e c t to c l a y minerals p r e s e n t . The i n v e s t i g a t i o n shows the p h y l l o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s present t o be i l l i t e , c h l o r i t e and v e r m i c u l i t e . The v e r m i c u l i t e p r e s e n t is not t h e usual M g - v e r m i c u l i t e , but a K - v e r m i c u l i t e which can be c o n s i d e r e d as a degraded i l l i t e - - t h a t i s , an i l l i t e which has l o s t potassium i o n s . The r e s u l t i n g K - d e f i c i e n t mineral possesses a very l i m i t e d expansion l a t t i ce and is capable of c a p t u r i n g potassium ions and c o n v e r t i n g back t o the i l l i t e form. A g r i c u l t u r a l l y , t h i s causes potassium d e f i c i e n c y in p l a n t s.

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections, Nutrition and Growth in School-age Children from Rural Communities in Honduras

Background: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are endemic in Honduras but their impact on children’s health is not well studied. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and intensity of STH infections and their association with nutrition and growth in a sample of Honduran children. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done among Honduran rural school-age children in 2011. Blood and stool samples and anthropometric measurements were obtained to determine nutritional status, STH infection and growth status, respectively. Results: The STH prevalence among 320 studied children was 72.5%. Prevalence by species was 30%, 67% and 16% for Ascaris, Trichuris and 16% hookworms, respectively. High intensity infections were associated with decreased growth scores but regardless of intensity, co-infections negatively affected growth indicators. Conclusions: The health burden of STH infections is related to high parasitic load but also to the presence of low-intensity concurrent infections. The synergistic effects of polyparasitism in underprivileged children warrants more attention.

L’effet à long terme de la nutrition parentérale totale néonatale sur le métabolisme énergétique

En raison de la prématurité ou de conditions médicales, un grand nombre de nouveau-nés reçoivent de la nutrition parentérale totale (NPT) en période néonatale. Durant la période d’administration, l’impact métabolique et les effets néfastes de la NPT et celui de son administration avec des sacs exposés à la lumière sont en grande partie connus. Il est admis que des évènements se produisant in utero ou en période néonatale entraînent des modifications métaboliques chez l'adulte. Mais on ignore si la nutrition parentérale possède des effets à long terme. Le but de notre étude est donc d’évaluer l'effet d'une courte période néonatale de NPT sur le métabolisme énergétique de l’adulte. De J3 à J7, des cochons d'Inde sont nourris par NPT dont le sac et la tubulure sont exposés ou protégés de la lumière et sont comparés à des animaux nourris par voie entérale. Après J7, les trois groupes sont nourris de la même façon, par voie entérale exclusivement. Les animaux nourris par NPT montrent une prise pondérale inférieure, un catabolisme plus marqué et des concentrations de substrats énergétiques abaissées (glucose, cholestérol et triglycérides). À 3 mois, le foie des groupes NPT montre des concentrations de triglycérides et de cholestérol abaissées et des changements d'activité enzymatique. La photoprotection de la NPT néonatale diminue la prise pondérale et les concentrations de triglycérides et de cholestérol hépatiques. Notre étude est la première à explorer l’effet à long terme de la NPT néonatale. Elle ouvre la porte à des études humaines qui permettront, nous l’espérons, d’améliorer la prise en charge des nouveau-nés les plus fragiles et les plus immatures.

La contamination de la nutrition parentérale par l’ascorbylperoxyde perturbe le métabolisme énergétique chez le cochon d'inde nouveau-né

L'exposition à la lumière des solutions de nutrition parentérale (NP) génère des peroxydes tels que l'H2O2 et l'ascorbylperoxyde (AscOOH). Cette absence de photo-protection provoque une augmentation des triglycérides (TG) plasmatique chez les enfants prématurés et chez un modèle animal, ayant un stress oxydatif et une stéatose hépatique indépendante de l’exposition au H2O2. Nous pensons que l'AscOOH est l'agent actif conduisant à l'élévation des TG. Le but est d'investiguer le rôle de l'AscOOH sur les métabolismes du glucose et des lipides à l'aide d'un modèle animal néonatal de NP.