[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi adressée à Escudier, Naples, 23 décembre 1872]

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Les biblioteques populars de la Mancomunitat: un projecte polític i un projecte bibliotecari

Les biblioteques populars o públiques que impulsà la Mancomunitat de Catalunya, creades a imatge i semblança de les pioneres biblioteques anglosaxones, foren un modelinnovador dins del panorama bibliotecari d'Espanya. Al seu èxit contribuí tant la figura d'Eugeni d'Ors, responsable del projecte inicial que establí com havien de ser les biblioteques i quina havia de ser la formació del personal a l'Escola de Bibliotecàries, com la de Jordi Rubió, director de la Biblioteca de Catalunya, que el succeí com a director de la xarxa de biblioteques que implantà definitivament un sistema bibliotecari a Catalunya.

Vertical integration or specialisation: producing and commercialising cotton goods (1815-1913)

This article describes the ways in which cotton goods were commercialised during the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth. Several national cases are analysed: Britain, as the Workshop of the World; France, Germany, Switzerland and the US, as core economies; and Italy and Spain as countries on the European periphery. The main question that we address is why some cotton industries vertically integrated their production and commercialisation processes, but others did not. We present a model that combines industrial district size and product differentiation to explain why vertical integration was present in most cases and why there was vertical specialisation in Lancashire and Lowell.