西安市地表水水质变化与城市化过程的关系

IEECAS SKLLQG

150kaBP以来巴丹吉林沙漠东南区域地层序列的新研究

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Coupling effect of solenoid in CSRm

The principle of particle coupling between horizontal and vertical directions in solenoid is presented. Further more, the method of decoupling can be obtained by using the coupling dynamic equations. 5000 particles are tracked under three conditions: CSRm doesn't contain solenoids, contains main solenoid and toroids, contains compensating solenoids. The results of the particle trace calculations show that the particles coupling between horizontal and vertical is very serious because of the existence of solenoids, and lot's of particals are lost. Another two solenoids which locate in the fit place can be used to decrease the coupling intensation. The method is proved to be useful by the trace calculations.

HIRFL双丝束流剖面监测器的研制

兰州重离子加速器（HIRFL）是一个等时性回旋加速系统，它包括一台能量常数K=69的扇聚焦回旋加速器(SFC)和一台K=450的分离扇回旋加速器(SSC)。加速器的束流诊断对加速器的运行而言是必不可少的，为加速器的调束提供直接的依据，在束流参数调整、运行状态监测和优化束流品质方面发挥着重要作用。 本论文主要描述了双丝束流剖面监测器的研制，对其各组成部分、设计和测试都做了详细的介绍。双丝束流剖面监测器使用钨丝作为探针，当带电粒子打到钨丝上，与钨丝中的电子作用使之激发并发射，即产生二次电子。通过把这一过程中形成的电流转化为电压量进行数据采集，便可以得到在钨丝移动方向上的一维束流强度分布。其中，钨丝的移动由运动控制系统来实现。双丝束流剖面监测器只使用了两根钨丝，在测量过程中对束流分布产生的破坏很小，因而属于非拦截式的束流诊断元件。 双丝束流剖面监测器已经在HIRFL前束运线上进行了测试，它能够在较短时间内测量出束流的剖面，结果较好，达到了预期的要求。 由于双丝束流剖面监测器的非拦截性，而且具有使用灵活、测量准确等优点，它必将成为束流诊断中的一个有力的工具

长白山森林/沼泽生态交错带群落和环境梯度分析

揭示了森林 沼泽过渡带群落的结构、生产力、植物多样性等群落梯度和交错带环境梯度的相关规律 ,并结合交错区环境梯度分析这些群落特征形成机制 ,为维持、保护与经营管理这一交错带生物资源提供了理论依据 .将长白山地区森林和高、中、低位沼泽所形成的三大类型过渡带作为研究对象 ,采用样带网格的调查方法 ,并应用系统软件分析方法建立了经验回归模型 ,研究了森林 /沼泽生态交错带群落的种类组成、群落建群种径级结构与年龄结构、植物多样性、群落生产力及其随生态交错带环境梯度变化趋势 .结果表明 ,森林 /沼泽生态交错带群落结构特征、植物多样性、群落生产力均随着交错带环境梯度的变化而呈现有规律的分布格局 .沿着沼泽至森林方向的交错区环境梯度 ,群落建群种发生更替现象 ;群落种类数目呈现指数递增趋势 ;群落的径级结构呈现双曲线分布规律性 ;年龄结构一般呈三次式分布规律 ;植物多样性呈二次式递增分布趋势 ;群落生物量均呈现三次式函数曲线递增趋势 ,表现出群落梯度和环境梯度的高度相关性

腐植酸复合肥在春小麦上的增产效果

<正> 目前,对化学肥料进行二次加工,发展多元复合专用肥料,是世界肥料发展的大趋势,根据FAO(联合国粮农组织)肥料年鉴的统计数字,1989年、1990年度世界发达国家以复混肥料形态的N、P_2O_5、K_2O分别占肥料消费施用总量的20.4％-87.8％、79.2％-98.3％和36.5％-99.6％,而1992年,我国复混肥料施用量占化肥总量的15.8％,尚低于世界平均水平,而且主要是依赖进口。针对上述情况以及三江平原岗平地白浆土“板、瘦、硬”的具体特点,八五二农场天华腐植酸

基模势对luxAB标记的快生型大豆根瘤菌在土壤中存活的影响

经接合转移将luxAB基因插入快生型大豆根瘤菌 (Rhizobiumfredii)染色体 ,取可高效结瘤固氮的R .frediilux3菌株用于分子生态学研究 .在不同基模势下 ,研究了lux3在土壤中的存活 ,基模势为 - 30和 - 750kPa时 ,lux3在灭菌土中的生存能力明显 (P<0 .0 5)高于未灭菌土 ,当基模势为 - 1 50 0kPa时 ,土壤是否灭菌对lux3的存活影响没有差异 .不同基模势对lux3活性影响显著 ,在 - 1 50 0kPa的未灭菌土中 ,随着饥饿时间延长 ,可恢复活性的细菌数量显著下降 .同时比较了测定微生物活性的 3种方法 (即生物发光、脱氢酶活性和微生物呼吸 ) ,发光值变化与活细胞密度变化一致 ,PLf值 (即潜在发光 ,Potentialluminescence)反映了可恢复活性的饥饿种群密度 .luxAB基因是一种比较简便而实用的标记

节杆菌K1108乙内酰脲酶产酶条件研究

研究了乙内酰脲酶产生菌节杆菌K1 1 0 8的产酶条件。该菌乙内酰脲酶为诱导酶 ,存在于细胞内 ,乙内酰脲水解酶和N 氨甲酰氨基酸水解酶是同时被诱导产生。最适诱导物为5 苄基乙内酰脲 ,而 5 吲哚甲基乙内酰脲和 5 苯基乙内酰脲等不能诱导其酶的产生。筛选到一种安慰诱导物 ,诱导活性提高了 2倍多。对产酶培养基进行了筛选和优化 ,在最适条件下 ,K1 1 0 8产酶能力可达 1 0 8U mL。

黄土丘陵沟壑区林地水文生态效应

根据安塞水土保持试验站1993～2002年林地径流小区的降雨产流产沙的定位观测资料及2002年土壤含水量资料,分析了不同树种对坡面尺度降雨产流产沙及土壤水分的影响。结果表明:场降雨径流小区的产流量、产沙量与降雨量具有较好的相关性;多元回归分析表明,场降雨产流量和产沙量与降雨量和最大30min雨强的乘积呈正相关,与植被覆盖度呈负相关,场降雨产沙量回归方程复相关系数为0.253,各处理场降雨产流量回归方程复相关系数的变化范围为0.465～0.723,均达到了极显著的水平(P<0.01)。同时,各树种均具有良好的减流减沙功能,与农地相比,年均产流量和产沙量分别减少4.8%～52.9%和26.8%～86.0%;沙棘纯林及其混交林的减流减沙效益优于油松纯林。同时,沙棘纯林及其各混交林在造林初期就表现出良好的减流减沙效益,随着树龄的增长,其作用更加明显;而油松纯林在造林初期作用不明显,甚至出现产流量和产沙量大于农地的现象,但随着树龄的增长,减流减沙作用逐渐呈现并增大。沙棘纯林及其混交林30cm以下土壤含水量在整个生长季中均呈递减趋势,生长季初(4月份)土壤含水量最高,而生长季末(10月份)降到最低值。2002年沙棘纯林的...

农林复合系统植物竞争研究进展

植物竞争是农林复合系统成功和可持续性的主要决定因素。使资源竞争最小化,资源利用最大化,是农林复合系统提高产量和总生产力的核心。本文对农林复合系统中林木-作物间对光、水分和养分的竞争作用、化感作用及与竞争相关的植物特性进行了综述。一般认为,在湿润地区,农林复合系统地上部分对光的竞争可能是系统生产力的主要决定因素;而在温带地区和半干旱热带地区,地下部分对水分的竞争可能限制着系统的生产力。在农林复合系统中,植物对光的竞争能力由叶面积、冠层结构等决定,对土壤水分和养分的竞争能力则取决于植物根系所占据的土壤空间、根系的形态和生理塑性、植物根系在土壤中的时空分布格局等。今后应加强不同区域农林复合系统中不同组分间的竞争作用的比较、竞争过程及生理机理、化感作用、菌根影响植物竞争的作用和机理、地上部分竞争和地下部分竞争的相互作用、全球变化与植物竞争等方面的研究。

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration in temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, China

Nitrogen addition to soil can play a vital role in influencing the losses of soil carbon by respiration in N-deficient terrestrial ecosystems. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilization (HN, 200 kg N ha(-1) year(-1); MN, 100 kg N ha(-1) year(-1); LN, 50 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) on soil respiration compared with non-fertilization (CK, 0 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)), from July 2007 to September 2008, in temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. Results showed that N fertilization did not change the seasonal patterns of soil respiration, which were mainly controlled by soil heat-water conditions. However, N fertilization could change the relationships between soil respiration and soil temperature, and water regimes. Soil respiration dependence on soil moisture was increased by N fertilization, and the soil temperature sensitivity was similar in the treatments of HN, LN, and CK treatments (Q (10) varied within 1.70-1.74) but was slightly reduced in MN treatment (Q (10) = 1.63). N fertilization increased soil CO2 emission in the order MN > HN > LN compared with the CK treatment. The positive effects reached a significant level for HN and MN (P < 0.05) and reached a marginally significant level for LN (P = 0.059 < 0.1) based on the cumulative soil respiration during the 2007 growing season after fertilization (July-September 2007). Furthermore, the differences between the three fertilization treatments and CK reached the very significant level of 0.01 on the basis of the data during the first entire year after fertilization (July 2007-June 2008). The annual total soil respiration was 53, 57, and 24% higher than in the CK plots (465 g m(-2) year(-1)). However, the positive effects did not reach the significant level for any treatment in the 2008 growing season after the second year fertilization (July-September 2008, P > 0.05). The pairwise differences between the three N-level treatments were not significant in either year (P > 0.05).

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-3Al-3RE alloys

The Mg-3Al-3RE alloys (RE, the cerium-rich or the yttrium-rich misch metal) were smelted in a resistance furnace under the protective flux from the Mg-RE master alloys and pure magnesium ingots. The microstructure and mechanical properties of samples prepared by steel mould casting method were investigated.

Electrochemiluminescence in the S2O82- system: Pt-Cd electrodes

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in the S2O82- system occurs under conventional cyclic voltammetry, when the Pt working electrode was coated with Cd elementary substance. The ECL mechanism was proposed, due to the reaction between the strongly oxidizing intermediate SO4 center dot- and the transitory production, CdO, generated by oxidation of Cd with SO4 center dot-. Moreover the ECL behavior was studied in different pHs and concentrations of S2O82- solution. It was showed that the ECL signal was strongest at pH 8.0, and its intensity increased with S2O82-. The experimental results verified well with the proposed ECL mechanism.

Low temperature preparation of ceria solid solutions doubly doped with rare-earth and alkali-earth and their properties as solid oxide fuel cells

A series of solid electrolytes, (Ce(0.8)Ln(0.2))(1 - x)MxO2 - delta(Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, M:Alkali-earth), were prepared by amorphous citrate gel method. XRD patterns indicate that a pure fluorite phase is formed at 800 degreesC. The electrical conductivity and the AC impedance spectra were measured. XPS spectra show that the oxygen vacancies increase owing to the MO doping, which results in the increase of the oxygen ionic transport number and conductivity. The performance of ceria-based solid electrolyte is improved. The effects of rare-earth and alkali-earth ions on the electricity were discussed. The open-circuit voltages and maximum power density of planar solid oxide fuel cell using (Ce0.8Sm0.2)(1 - 0.05)Ca0.05O2 - delta as electrolyte are 0.86 V and 33 mW . cm(-2), respectively.