钆和镱对人红细胞膜脂及膜蛋白的作用

利用荧光偏振，自旋标标顺磁共振波谱和激光拉曼技术研究了钆和镱对人红细胞膜结构和功能的影响。结果表明，低浓度的Ｇｄ３＋（０．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对（Ｎａ＋＋Ｋ＋）－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶有轻微的激活作用，而随着其浓度的增大，则明显抑制酶的活性，Ｇｄ３＋与Ｙｂ３＋和人红细胞膜作用后，降低膜脂流动性，并使膜蛋白酰胺Ｉ＇－α螺旋振动强度减弱．

不同热化学还原LiNbO_3：Ti或Mn晶体杂质电荷态和点缺陷

采用光学吸收和电子顺磁共振（ＥＳＲ）技术表征不同热化学还原ＬＩＮｂＯ３：Ｔｉ，Ｍｌｉ（ＬＮ：Ｔｉ，Ｍｎ）和纯的Ｌｉ／Ｎｂ＝０．９４５一致熔化ＬｉＮｂＯ３（ＬＮ）晶体的热力学还原习性．将ＬＮ：Ｔｉ（厚度为１ｍｍ）样品放在Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３中、６００℃、保温７ｈ，产生６９０ｕｒｎ（～１．８ｅＶ，Ｔ＝６７％）和峰值靠近７８５ｎｍ（Ｔ＝７１％）的７７０￣８１０ｎｍ光学吸收带，它们分别对应于Ｔｉ（３＋）的２Ｔ→２Ｅ跃迁以及室温稳定Ｆ＋心滞有一个电子的氧空位）．经真空１．２Ｐａ，８００℃２ｈ还原后，存在峰值为６７５ｎｍ（Ｔ＝５２％）的４８０～７８０ｎｍ平滑吸收带，它们是Ｔｉ（３＋）、Ｆ心和Ｆ＋心重叠吸收，但是，在Ａｒ气氛下、９００℃、８ｈ处理后，仅能看到峰值在６７５ｎｍ（Ｔ＝５２％）的６００～７８０ｎｍＴｉ（３＋）的弱吸收．来自未处理ＬＮ：Ｔｉ晶体的室温和Ｘ带的ＥＳＲ＄观察到ｇ＝４．３４８，共振磁场０．１５２ＴＨ（ｐ－ｐ）＝０．０１６３Ｔ微波吸收峰，以及四组精细结构Ｂ线（每一ｆｓ线是由６条超精细结构ｈｆｓ组成），ｇ值从３．４６０～１．６７９吸收，它们分别归为于晶体杂质Ｆｅ（３＋）和Ｍｎ（２＋）离子．真空还原后，Ｆｅ（３＋）的

含二羟基二苯酮热致液晶共聚酯的合成与表征（Ⅵ）──含二羟基二苯酮热致液晶共聚酯结晶结构的X射线衍射研究

以广角Ｘ－射线衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）对含二羟基二苯酮（ＢＨＰ）、对羟基苯甲酸（ＰＨＢＡ）、对苯二甲酸（ＴＰＡ）、问苯二酚（ＲＥＳ）的系列热致液品共聚酯进行了较为深入的研究，详细讨论了不同组成的共聚酯的结晶结构、结晶度、结晶颗粒大小等等。

聚氧化乙烯-聚苯乙烯-聚氧化乙烯三嵌段共聚物/聚苯醚共混物的相容性和结晶行为

本工作对聚氧化乙烯-聚苯乙烯-聚氧化乙烯(PEO-PS-PEO)三嵌段共聚物与聚苯醚(PPO)均聚物共混物的相容性及结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明,共混体系的相容性与嵌段共聚物中苯乙烯段的含量有关,PS含量越高,PPO与共聚物PS段的相容性越好。共混体系的结晶行为也明显不同于一般均聚物共混体系。在DSC降温结晶过程中最多可出现三个结晶峰。

SERRS OF PHTHALOCYANINE DERIVATIVES LB MONOLAYER

SERRS of copper tetrakis(2,4-ditert-penthyl phenoxy) Phthalocyanine LB monolayer on Ag island film and RRS of the compound in solid state have been obtained. On comparison between the spectra, it is proposed that the macrocycle of the molecule on the Ag substrate is oriented parallel to the surface.

酞菁化合物LB单分子膜的SERRS

酞菁类化合物具有优良的光电特性,选择适当的取代侧链可得到稳定的LB成膜材料,可望在微电子器件等方面获得重要的应用.本工作观测了四-4-(2,4-二特戊基苯氧基)酞菁铜(CuPc(Dt-PP)_4)在银岛膜上的LB单分子层的表面增强共振拉曼散射(SERRS)光谱。比较其固体粉末的共振拉曼散射(RRS)光谱,讨论了酞菁铜分子大环在载片表面的取向及其可能的原因。1 实验CuPc(Dt-PP)_4样品由陈文启等合成,经元素分析、IR、NMR、色谱等研究确认其结构如图1所示.银岛膜用真空蒸镀法制备在玻璃载片上。用同时蒸镀在铜网上的银膜的透射电

异戊二烯稀土催化聚合过程中配合物结构及其转化的~(13)C-NMR研究

本文用~(13)C-NMR研究了异戊二烯(IP)在均相催化剂(CF_3CO_2)_2LnCl·EtOH—(i-Bu)AlH—o-C_6D_4Cl_2作用下的聚合过程。单体首先被活化同稀土配位生成η~4-IP稀土配合物(反式和顺式),然后η~4-IP的C-3和C-4插入Ln-H键生成η~3-烯丙基稀土配合物——η~3-(2-甲基)丁烯基稀土配合物(同式和对式)。二维~(13)C-NMR交换谱表明η~4-IP和0η~3-烯丙基的每对异构体在常温下分别进行慢交换反应(互变异构),这一过程使插入反应在常温下得以进行。

Ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes and effect of starvation in miiuy croaker Miichthys miiuy larvae

The ontogenetic development of the digestive enzymes amylase, lipase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase and the effect of starvation in miiuy croaker Miichthys miiuy larvae were studied. The activities of these enzymes were detected prior to exogenous feeding, but their developmental patterns differed remarkably. Trypsin activity continuously increased from 2 days after hatching (dah), peaked on 20 dah, and decreased to 25 dah at weaning. Alkaline phosphatase activity oscillated at low levels within a small range after the first feeding on 3 dah. In contrast, amylase and lipase activities followed the general developmental pattern that has been characterized in fish larvae, with a succession of increases or decreases. Amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities generally started to increase or decrease at transitions from endogenous to exogenous feeding or diet changes, suggesting that these enzymatic activities can be modulated by feeding modes. The activities of all the enzymes remained stable from 25 dah onwards, coinciding with the formation of gastric glands and pyloric caecum. These results imply that specific activities of these enzymes underwent changes due to morphological and physiological modifications or diet shift during larval development but that they became stable after the development of the digestive organs and associated glands was fully completed and the organs/glands functioned. Trypsin and alkaline phosphatase were more sensitive to starvation than amylase and lipase because delayed feeding up to 2 days after mouth opening was able to adversely affect their activities. Enzyme activities did not significantly differ among feeding groups during endogenous feeding; however, all activities were remarkably reduced when delayed feeding was within 3 days after mouth opening. Initiation of larvae feeding should occur within 2 days after mouth opening so that good growth and survival can be obtained in the culture.

Molecular phylogeny and species identification of pufferfish of the genus Takifugu (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae)

The phylogenetic relationships and species identification of pufferfishes of the genus Takifugu were examined by use of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequencing of the amplified partial mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Amplifications with 200 ten-base primers under predetermined optimal reaction conditions yielded 1962 reproducible amplified fragments ranging from 200 to 3000 bp. Genetic distances between 5 species of Takifugu and Lagocephalus spadiceus as the outgroup were calculated from the presence or absence of the amplified fragments. Approximately 572 bp of the 16S ribosonial RNA gene was amplified, using universal primers, and used to determine the genetic distance values. Topological phylogenic trees for the 5 species of Takifugu and outgroup were generated from neighbor-joining analysis based on the data set of RAPD analysis and sequences of mitochondrial 16S rDNA. The genetic distance between Takifugu rubripes and Takifugu pseudommus was almost the same as that between individuals within cacti species, but much smaller than that between T. rubripes, T. pseudommus, and the other species. The molecular data gathered from both analysis of mitochondria and nuclear DNA strongly indicated that T. rubripes and T. pseudommus should be regarded as the same species. A fragment of approximately 900 bp was amplified from the genome of all 26 T. pseudommus individuals examined and 4 individuals of intermediate varieties between T. rubripes and T. pseudommus. Of the 32 T. rubripes individuals, only 3 had the amplified fragment. These results suggest that this fragment may be useful in distinguishing between T. rubripes and T. pseudommus.

Progress of large-scale air-sea interaction studies in China

This paper summarizes the progress of large-scale air-sea interaction studies that has been achieved in China in the four-year period from July 1998 to July 2002, including seven aspects in the area of the air-sea interaction, namely air-sea interaction related to the tropical Pacific Ocean, monsoon-related air-sea interaction, air-sea interaction in the north Pacific Ocean, air-sea interaction in the Indian Ocean, air-sea interactions in the global oceans, field experiments, and oceanic cruise surveys. However more attention has been paid to the first and the second aspects because a large number of papers in the reference literature for preparing and organizing this paper are concentrated in the tropical Pacific Ocean, such as the ENSO process with its climatic effects and dynamics, and the monsoon-related air-sea interaction. The literature also involves various phenomena with their different time and spatial scales such as intraseasonal, annual, interannual, and interdecadal variabilities in the atmosphere/ocean interaction system, reflecting the contemporary themes in the four-year period at the beginning of an era from the post-TOGA to CLIVAR studies. Apparently, it is a difficult task to summarize the great progress in this area, as it is extracted from a large quantity of literature, although the authors tried very hard.

地下咸水的化学特征及其在水产养殖中的应用

地下咸水的化学成分与现代海水基本相同，它本身不带病毒，与海水也没有连接的渠道，故海水中的病毒宿主难以侵入，因此，它可以做为海水养殖的一种替代水体，在水产养殖方面有非常广阔的应用前景。本论文首次对用于养殖的胶州地区的地下咸水的形成原因和化学组分特征作了系统阐述。主要的研究内容和研究结果包括：1．咸水入侵和稀释作用是形成该地区地下咸水的主要原因。现代海水和卤水入侵及临近河口区淡水对地下卤水的稀释作用是形成该地区地下咸水的两种主要原因。地质调查结果表明，胶州地区属于地下卤水远景分布区，该地区有不边疆分布的斑块状的地下卤水存在，对地下水的超采造成地下水水位的下降，从而引起咸水入侵。在大沽河河口地区，河流淡水对地下卤水的稀释也是是该区地下咸水形成的一个原因。2．地下咸水的主要化学组分特征 在地下咸水的常量元素分布中，由于地下水流沉积物表面时产生的溶滤作用、离子交换吸附及还原环境下脱硫酸菌的作用使Ca~(2+)/Cl~-、Mg~(2+)/Cl~－、Na~+/Cl~-值与海水中的相应组分的比值相比，有不同程度的升高，SO_4~(2-)/Cl~-明显降低，K~+/Cl~-的值在不同的地区差异较大。通过对几个地区地下水中铁、锰的含量对比，发现其值远高于海水中的含量，可高达每升几毫克，这主要是由于在地下水的还原环境和较低的pH条件下，铁、锰的氧化物较易还原溶出，并讨论了不同地区的Mn/Fe值由于受Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)这两种还原产物稳定性的没和铁锰氧化物易被还原的程度不同这两个因素的影响，分别呈现出大于1和小于1的情形。对地下水中微量元素铜、铅、锌、镉的分析表明，这些元素在地下水中的含量与海水中的含量在同一个数量级，差异不显著。以Cl~-为参比因子，从所求得的相关关系来看，锌和铜在地下水中呈较好的保宋性分布，即没有显著的添加或去除行为，铅和镉的保守性较差。地下水中的营养盐分布与海水也有着显著不同，在地下咸水的Eh和pH分布范围内，NH_4~+态氮是地下水中无机氮分布的主要形式，并且由于吸附在粘土中的硅酸盐矿物的转出，地下咸水中的SiO_3~(2-)含量显著偏高。3．Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对对虾生长的影响 利用正交实验证实了Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)比值、Ca~(2+)+Mg~(2+)总量以及二者之间的交互作用对对是生长都有显著性影响。对虾生长适宜的Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)比值范围是1:1～1:3，对是能在Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)比值为1：10的水环境中正常生长，只要有一定的Ca~(2+)+Mg~(2+)总量。较低的Ca~(2+)浓度可能会成为导致对虾存活率降低的原因。

扎曲鹅观草——青海禾本科一新种

对青海禾本科一新种——扎曲鹅观草（Roegneria zaquensis Y.H.Wu et S.L.Lu）进行了形态描述和图解。该种与玉树鹅观草（R.yushuensisL.B.Cai）相近,但本种的叶鞘顶端两侧具叶耳,穗状花序灰绿色,长10～15 cm,基部被顶生叶鞘所包;颖稍短,第一颖长2～3 mm,第二颖长4～5 mm;外稃背部无毛,芒长15～30 mm,第一外稃长10～12 mm;花药黄色或带绿色,长2～2.5 mm,可以区别。

藏羚寄生蠕虫卵粪检调查初报

2004年12月25日-2005年1月5日对位于青藏公路楚玛尔河大桥附近集群的藏羚（Pantholops hodgsoni），随机拣取其新鲜粪便共计36份带回实验室。利用漂浮法、沉淀法对粪样进行寄生虫蠕虫卵检查，结果显示，粪样中存在有细颈属（Nematodirus）、马歇尔属（Marshallagia）线虫卵和莫尼茨属（Moniezia）绦虫卵，其感染率在19．4％-94．4％之间，感染强度（EPG）分别为5．58、5．11和2．86。结果表明，冬季藏羚的寄生蠕虫感染率高，但感染种类少和感染强度低。