Experimentally validated three dimensional GCT wafer level simulations

In this paper we present a wafer level three-dimensional simulation model of the Gate Commutated Thyristor (GCT) under inductive switching conditions. The simulations are validated by extensive experimental measurements. To the authors' knowledge such a complex simulation domain has not been used so far. This method allows the in depth study of large area devices such as GCTs, Gate Turn Off Thyristors (GTOs) and Phase Control Thyristors (PCTs). The model captures complex phenomena, such as current filamentation including subsequent failure, which allow us to predict the Maximum Controllable turn-off Current (MCC) and the Safe Operating Area (SOA) previously impossible using 2D distributed models. © 2012 IEEE.

Impact of mode localization on the motional resistance of coupled MEMS resonators

This paper investigates the effect of mode-localization that arises from structural asymmetry induced by manufacturing tolerances in mechanically coupled, electrically transduced Si MEMS resonators. We demonstrate that in the case of such mechanically coupled resonators, the achievable series motional resistance (R x) is dependent not only on the quality factor (Q) but also on the variations in the eigenvector of the chosen mode of vibration induced by mode localization due to manufacturing tolerances during the fabrication process. We study this effect of mode-localization both theoretically and experimentally in two pairs of coupled double-ended tuning fork resonators with different levels of initial structural asymmetry. The measured series R x is minimal when the system is close to perfect symmetry and any deviation from structural symmetry induced by fabrication tolerances leads to a degradation in the effective R x. Mechanical tuning experiments of the stiffness of one of the coupled resonators was also conducted to study variations in R x as a function of structural asymmetry within the system, the results of which demonstrated consistent variations in motional resistance with predictions. © 2012 IEEE.

环境内分泌干扰物毒理学研究

传统上,环境内分泌干扰物的研究对象主要是对动物生殖器官的作用。但是脊椎动物体内存在复杂的内分泌系统,来调节其生长发育及繁殖。本文从环境内分泌干扰物对生物完整内分泌系统的影响总结了最近的研究进展。内分泌干扰物可通过作用于下丘脑-脑垂体-性腺轴的内分泌系统途径,影响重要激素或者受体,并最终影响动物的繁殖;也可作用于下丘脑-脑垂体-甲状腺轴途径,影响甲状腺激素的合成、转运、结合等过程,破坏甲状腺激素内环境的稳定而对生长发育造成危害。环境污染物也可通过影响类固醇激素的合成途径,即通过非受体途径而发挥内分泌干扰物作

鱼类谷胱甘肽转移酶基因cDNA克隆及其序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法,从鲢、鲤、鲫3种鱼类肝脏总RNA中克隆出了谷胱甘肽转移酶Pi型(GST Pi)cDNA序列,推导了其编码的氨基酸序列。3种鱼类GST Pi的ORF全长627bp,编码208个氨基酸。翻译起始密码均为ATG,终止密码子均为TGA。鱼类与哺乳动物、两栖类爪蟾以及节肢动物丝虫之间GST Pi氨基酸序列相似度平均值分别为50%、33%、15%左右。5种鱼类之间的氨基酸序列相似度较大,其中鲤科鱼类之间平均为85%左右。我们以GST Pi为分子标记,用最大简约数法(MP)构建了13个物种的系统进

Turbine blade tip heat transfer in low speed and high speed flows

In this paper, high and low speed tip flows are investigated for a high-pressure turbine blade. Previous experimental data are used to validate a CFD code, which is then used to study the tip heat transfer in high and low speed cascades. The results show that at engine representative Mach numbers the tip flow is predominantly transonic. Thus, compared to the low speed tip flow, the heat transfer is affected by reductions in both the heat transfer coefficient and the recovery temperature. The high Mach numbers in the tip region (M>1.5) lead to large local variations in recovery temperature. Significant changes in the heat transfer coefficient are also observed. These are due to changes in the structure of the tip flow at high speed. At high speeds, the pressure side corner separation bubble reattachment occurs through supersonic acceleration which halves the length of the bubble when the tip gap exit Mach number is increased from 0.1 to 1.0. In addition, shock/boundary-layer interactions within the tip gap lead to large changes in the tip boundary-layer thickness. These effects give rise to significant differences in the heat-transfer coefficient within the tip region compared to the low-speed tip flow. Compared to the low speed tip flow, the high speed tip flow is much less dominated by turbulent dissipation and is thus less sensitive to the choice of turbulence model. These results clearly demonstrate that blade tip heat transfer is a strong function of Mach number, an important implication when considering the use of low speed experimental testing and associated CFD validation in engine blade tip design. Copyright © 2009 by ASME.

草鱼、中华鳖淋巴细胞扫描电镜结构特征及其绵羊红细胞受体(CD_2)的检测

草鱼淋巴细胞表面扫描电镜结构特征为有孔穴且较为光滑、具短小细锥状突起 ;中华鳖淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞表面扫描电镜结构特征为凹凸不平、较为光滑 ;它们均以表面凹凸不平特征的占大多数。E花环试验的光镜和扫描电镜观察显示 :草鱼淋巴细胞E花环形成不明显 ,而中华鳖淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞的成花率分别为 2 5 %～ 34%和 36 %～ 47% ,能形成花环的淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞以表面结构特征凹凸不平 (类似哺乳动物T淋巴细胞 )的为主。草鱼、中华鳖血液淋巴细胞和中华鳖胸腺细胞与抗人CD2 单克隆抗体交叉反应的免疫组化检测

微囊藻栅藻资源竞争的动力学过程Ⅰ.光能和磷营养的半饱和参数及其生长率动态

以Tilman提出的“资源竞争机制学说”为依据 ,在单因子 (光、磷 )限制条件下 ,测定并计算铜绿微囊藻 (Microcystisaeruginosa)和斜生栅藻 (Scenedesmusobliquus)的半饱和常数 ,以双因子交互作用模型预测它们的生长动态 .结果表明 :在光强为 10 .0～ 17.1μE和磷浓度为 3.10～ 2 0 .0 μmol的范围内 ,微囊藻的生长率大于栅藻的生长率 .说明磷的增加是微囊藻成为水华的充分条件 ,但不是必要条件 ,至少低光强是一个重要的作用因子 .

荧光物质浸泡标记稀有鮈鲫和彭泽鲫仔、稚鱼

研究了茜素络合物和盐酸四环素对稀有鮈鲫和彭泽鲫仔、稚鱼进行浸泡标记的方法和效果。茜素络合物在浸泡浓度５０—１００ｍｇ／Ｌ，浸泡时间持续６—２４ｈ的范围内，对两种鱼都有很好的标记效果；盐酸四环素在浸泡浓度１５０—２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，浸泡时间１２—２４ｈ的范围内，对彭泽鲫有较好的标记效果，但对稀有　鲫有极高的致死率。在荧光显微镜下观察，茜素络合物呈橘红色、盐酸四环素标记区呈金黄色荧光反应。

白鱀豚哨叫声的研究

于1996年1月，在中国科学院水生生物研究所白暨豚馆人工饲养池和湖北省石首市天鹅洲长江故道，使用频响范围分别为0－100kHz和0－16kHz的磁带记录系统，记录了一头成年雄性和一头成年雌性白暨豚的哨叫声。采用计算机信号分析系统详细分析了哨叫声的结构和声谱图，并与其它鲸类哨叫声进行比较。结果表明，白暨豚哨叫声的最大和最小频率平均值分别为5841Hz和4975Hz，频率变化幅度一般小于1000Hz。哨叫声平均持续时间为907ms。频率随时间变化不连续，且较平缓，起伏很少，有部分重叠现象。白暨豚哨叫声的结构与

湖光微生物饲料添加剂研究Ⅱ．光合细菌生产性培养的主要技术参数研究

湖光微生物饲料添加剂主要由红假单胞菌属（Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ）和红螺菌属（Ｒｈｏｄｏ－ｓｐｉｒｌｌｕｍ）的菌株组成。其生产性培养的主要技术参数研究包括培养基、光照、ｐＨ、温度和通气条件以及接种量等。在适宜条件下，培养３—５ｄ培养液呈深红色，细胞数可达１０￣９ｍｌ。本品在室温下保存半年后施用仍效果良好；在４０℃黑暗条件下存放１５ｄ，大部份细胞仍可存活。本文还提供了培养物质量检测指标。

红鲫血型的血清学研究

运用经典血清学方法首次在红鯽中证明了一种与金枪鱼中的A-B-O血型及人类的ABO血型模式相似的红细胞抗原系统,命名为S血型系统。该系统有四种血型表型:S~1,S~2,S~2S~2和S~0,推测它由S~1、S~2和S~0三个复等位基因决定。

Temporal Coherence of Chlorophyll a during a Spring Phytoplankton Bloom in Xiangxi Bay of Three-Gorges Reservoir, China

Algal bloom phenomenon was defined as "the rapid growth of one or more phytoplankton species which leads to a rapid increase in the biomass of phytoplankton", yet most estimates of temporal coherence are based on yearly or monthly sampling frequencies and little is known of how synchrony varies among phytoplankton or of the causes of temporal coherence during spring algal bloom. In this study, data of chlorophyll a and related environmental parameters were weekly gathered at 15 sampling sites in Xiangxi Bay of Three-Gorges Reservoir (TGR, China) to evaluate patterns of temporal coherence for phytoplankton during spring bloom and test if spatial heterogeneity of nutrient and inorganic suspended particles within a single ecosystem influences synchrony of spring phytoplankton dynamics. There is a clear spatial and temporal variation in chlorophyll a across Xiangxi Bay. The degree of temporal coherence for chlorophyll a between pairs of sites located in Xiangxi Bay ranged from -0.367 to 0.952 with mean and median values of 0.349 and 0.321, respectively. Low levels of temporal coherence were often detected among the three stretches of the bay (Down reach, middle reach and upper reach), while high levels of temporal coherence were often found within the same reach of the bay. The relative difference of DIN between pair sites was the strong predictor of temporal coherence for chlorophyll a in down and middle reach of the bay, while the relative difference in Anorganic Suspended Solids was the important factor regulating temporal coherence in middle and upper reach. Contrary to many studies, these results illustrate that, in a small geographic area (a single reservoir bay of approximately 25 km), spatial heterogeneity influence synchrony of phytoplankton dynamics during spring bloom and local processes may override the effects of regional processes or dispersal.

Comparative responses in rare minnow exposed to 17 beta-estradiol during different life stages

Present in the excrement of humans and animals, 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) has been detected in the aquatic environment in a range from several nanograms to several hundred nanograms per liter. In this study, the sensitivities of rare minnows during different life stages to E-2 at environmentally relevant (5, 25, and 100 ng l(-1)) and high (1000 ng l(-1)) concentrations were compared using vitellogenin (VTG) and gonad development as biomarkers under semistatic conditions. After 21 days of exposure, VTG concentrations in whole-body homogenates were analyzed; the results indicated that the lowest observed effective concentration for VTG induction was 25 ng l(-1) E-2 in the adult stage, but 100 ng l(-1) E-2 in the larval and juvenile stages. After exposure in the early life stage, the larval and juvenile fish were transferred to clean water until gonad maturation. No significant difference in VTG induction was found between the exposure and control groups in the adults. However, a markedly increased proportion of females and appearance of hermaphrodism were observed in the juvenile-stage group exposed to 25 ng l(-1) E-2. These results showed that VTG induction in the adult stage is more sensitive than in larval and juvenile stages following exposure to E-2. The juvenile stage may be the critical period of gonad development. Sex ratio could be a sensitive biomarker indicating exposure to xenoestrogens in early-life-stage subchronic exposure tests. The results of this study provide useful information for selecting sensitive biomarkers properly in aquatic toxicology testing.