Kirjailija Ilmari Kianto 21/7 1960

Kirje 21.7.1960

Cribatge De Pacients Tributaris De Trasllat A Unitats De Subaguts D’hospitals D’atenció Intermèdia

L’ingrés a unitats específiques d’atenció intermèdia directament des d’urgències (Unitats de Subaguts=US) com alternativa a l’hospitalització convencional, és una opció per determinats pacients geriàtrics prèviament seleccionats. L’objectiu de l’estudi és valorar si alguna escala pronòstica validada (Walter, Silver Code o ISAR) ens pot ajudar en aquesta selecció. Es recullen dades i puntuacions en aquestes escales de 342 pacients que ingressen a la US del Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, analitzant l’associació d’aquestes variables amb el resultat a l’alta: favorable si retorna a domicili, desfavorable en cas contrari. L’anàlisi objectiva increment de risc de resultat desfavorable si ISAR>3, Walter>6 o pitjor Barthel previ.

Especies acompañantes de la merluza peruana en verano 2004. Crucero BIC Olaya 0401-02

El crucero de evaluación de recursos demersales BIC Olaya 0401-02 se efectuó del 14 de enero al 7 de febrero del 2004, entre Puerto Pizarro (3°29’S) y Punta Pacasmayo (7°23’S). Las capturas totales llegaron a 42.016 kg. Las especies identificadas fueron Merluccius gayi peruanus (merluza) con 31.429,4 kg (74,8%), Ctenosciaena peruviana (bereche con barbo) con 2.815,7 kg (6,7%), Dosidicus gigas (pota) con 1.777,3 kg (4,2%), Hippoglossina macrops (lenguado ojón) con 611,8 kg (1,5%), Peprilus medius (chiri) con 543,7 kg (1,3%), Pontinus sierra (diablico) con 243,5 kg (0,6%), Paralabrax humeralis (cabrilla) con 261,4 kg (0,6%), Physiculus talarae (carbonero) con 78,2 kg (0,2%), Prionotus stephanophrys (falso volador) con 51,1 kg (0,1%) y Cynoscion analis (cachema) con 11,3 kg (0,03%). En la mayoría de especies se observó un gradiente de estratificación latitudinal por tallas, es decir una relación de tipo inversa entre las tallas y la latitud. La distribución vertical de las principales especies, fue desde aguas someras de 12 bz hasta 283 bz de profundidad. El rango de temperatura fue 8,2 a 17,6 °C; del oxígeno disuelto 0,48 y 2,83 mL/L; y de la salinidad, 34,64 y 35,07 ups. El análisis macroscópico de las gónadas mostró que la mayoría de los recursos se encontraron en proceso de maduración gonadal.

Adaptation to marginal habitats

The ability to adapt to marginal habitats, in which survival and reproduction are initially poor, plays a crucial role in the evolution of ecological niches and species ranges. Adaptation to marginal habitats may be limited by genetic, developmental, and functional constraints, but also by consequences of demographic characteristics of marginal populations. Marginal populations are often sparse, fragmented, prone to local extinctions, or are demographic sinks subject to high immigration from high-quality core habitats. This makes them demographically and genetically dependent on core habitats and prone to gene flow counteracting local selection. Theoretical and empirical research in the past decade has advanced our understanding of conditions that favor adaptation to marginal habitats despite those limitations. This review is an attempt at synthesis of those developments and of the emerging conceptual framework.

Rate, type, and cost of adverse drug reactions in emergency department admissions.

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a threat to patients' health and quality of life, and can generate significant expenses. They are generally underreported, with different rates in different health care systems. Methods: We conducted a 6-month survey of all primary admissions to the medical emergency department of a university hospital and assessed the rate, characteristics, avoidability, and marginal costs of ADRs. Results: A total of 7% of all admissions were mainly caused by ADRs. The most frequent were gastrointestinal bleeding (22.3%) and febrile neutropenia (14.4%). Anticancer drugs were involved in 22.7% of the cases, and anticoagulants, analgesics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 8% each. Physicians had prescribed 70% of these drugs. Patients were predominantly treated in intermediate care units and ordinary wards. The mean cost per case amounted to CHF 3586+/-342, or a total of CHF 821204 over the 6-month-period (1 CHF=0.56 US$=0.87 Euro). A total of 67% were considered definitely imputable to drug effects and 32% were retrospectively regarded as avoidable. Conclusions: Interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of ADRs should be directed towards both patient education and physician training. This could save hospitals admissions and money, and could be used as an indicator of prescription quality.

Tannery and coal mining waste disposal on soil

Tannery residues and coal mine waste are heavily polluting sources in Brazil, mainly in the Southern States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. In order to study the effects of residues of chrome leather tanning (sludge and leather shavings) and coal waste on soybean and maize crops, a field experiment is in progress since 1996, at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Experimental Station, county of Eldorado do Sul, Brazil. The residues were applied twice (growing seasons 1996/97 and 1999/00). The amounts of tannery residues were applied according to their neutralizing value, at rates of up to 86.8 t ha-1, supplying from 671 to 1.342 kg ha-1 Cr(III); coal waste was applied at a total rate of 164 t ha-1. Crop yield and dry matter production were evaluated, as well as the nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn) and Cr contents. Crop yields with tannery sludge application were similar to those obtained with N and lime supplied with mineral amendments. Plant Cr absorption did not increase significantly with the residue application. Tannery sludge can be used also to neutralize the high acidity developed in the soil by coal mine waste.