"Eventless" InsP 3 -dependent SR-Ca 2+ Release Affecting Atrial Ca 2+ Sparks

Augmented inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) function has been linked to a variety of cardiac pathologies, including cardiac arrhythmia. The contribution of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release (IP3ICR) in excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) under physiological conditions, as well as under cellular remodelling, remains controversial. Here we test the hypothesis that local IP3ICR directly affects ryanodine receptor (RyR) function and subsequent Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in atrial myocytes. IP3ICR was evoked by UV-flash photolysis of caged InsP3 under whole-cell configuration of the voltage-clamp technique in atrial myocytes isolated from C57/BL6 mice. Photolytic release of InsP3 was accompanied by a significant increase in the Ca2+ release event frequency (4.14±0.72 vs. 6.20±0.76 events (100 μm)−1 s−1). These individual photolytically triggered Ca2+ release events were identified as Ca2+ sparks, which originated from RyR openings. This was verified by Ca2+ spark analysis and pharmacological separation between RyR and InsP3R-dependent sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca2+ release (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, xestospongin C, tetracaine). Significant SR-Ca2+ flux but eventless SR-Ca2+ release through InsP3R were characterized using SR-Ca2+ leak/SR-Ca2+ load measurements. These results strongly support the idea that IP3ICR can effectively modulate RyR openings and Ca2+ spark probability. We conclude that eventless and highly efficient InsP3-dependent SR-Ca2+ flux is the main mechanism of functional cross-talk between InsP3Rs and RyRs, which may be an important factor in the modulation of ECC sensitivity.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 655 - Vorträge über Antisemitismus (p. IX 40.1-2-IX 48.1-2)

"Summer institute on Modern European Culture" (1947?); 1. Ankündigung für eine Vorlesungsreihe von Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, Leo Löwenthal, Herbert Marcuse, Friedrich Pollock. a) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Ergänzungen, 20 Blatt b) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 19 Blatt; 2. Herbert Marcuse: "Philosophie allemande et francaise 1871-1933". Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 18 Blatt; "Tentative Program for the Course of Antisemitism". Vorlesungsankündigung 1948 von Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, Friedrich Pollock. Typoskript 2 Blatt; Max Horkheimer: Bericht über die Antisemitismus-Forschungen des Instituts für Sozialforschung (GS 12, S. 165-171). Vortrag gehalten am 16.4.1943, englischer Text. a) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 5 Blatt b) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 8 Blatt c) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 8 Blatt; Max Horkheimer: Bericht über die Antisemitismus-Forschungen des Instituts für Sozialforschung (GS 12, S. 172-183). Vortrag gehalten am 30.4.1943, Temple Israel. a) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen und Ergänzungen, 12 Blatt b) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 11 Blatt c) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 14 Blatt; Max Horkheimer: Über die Psychologie des Judentums und des Antisemitismus; 1. Vortrag, gehalten am 7.10.1943 im Department of Psychology, UCLA, eigenhändige Notizen, 1 Blatt; 2. Auszüge aus Schriften und Arbeitspapieren von: G.M. Davidson, Salomon Andhil Fineberg, A.R.L. Gurland, Oscar I. Janomsky, Paul W. Massing, Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Ergänzungen, 8 Blatt; Max Horkheimer: Anti-Semitism as a Social Phenomenon (GS 5, S.364-372); 1. Vortrag, gehalten am 17.6.1944 in San Francisco, Psychoanalytic Society, veröffentlicht unter dem Titel 'Sociological Background of the Psychoanalytic Approach". In: Ernst Simmel (ed.), "Anti-Semitism. A Social Disease", New York, 1946, S.1-10. a) Typoskript, 13 Blatt, b) Teilstück, Typoskript, 1 Blatt, c) Teilstück, Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt d) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 9 Blatt; 2. "Notes to the Speech in San Francisco", Notizen, 4 Blatt; 3. eigenhändige Notizen zum Vortrag, 5 Blatt; 4. Rede für Maurice Karpf, Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt; 5. Theodor W. Adorno: "Mammoth Motives", Notizen zum Verhältnis von Soziologie und Psychologie des Antisemitismus, 3 Blatt; 6. Theodor W. Adorno: "Patterns of Anti-Democratic Propaganda", veröffentlicht in: Ernst Simmel, "Anti-Semitism. A Social Disease", New York, 1946, S.125-137. a) Typoskript, 15 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 14 Blatt;; 7. Einladung, Drucksache, 2 Blatt; 8. Max Horkheimer: 2 Brief an Donald MacFerlane, Pacific Palisades, 22.5.1944, 1 Blatt; Max Horkheimer: Vorträge 1944-45; 1. "Report for the N.C.R.A.C.". Über Forschungsprojekte des American Jewish Committee and des American Jewish Congress, vorgetragen am 14.1.1944, Typoskript, 4 Blatt; 2. Notizen zu 1: Über Kurt Lewin, Typoskript, 3 Blatt; 3. eigenhändige Notizen zu 1., 3 Blatt; 4. Über die europäische Tradition der Arbeiten des Instituts für Sozialforschung. Vortrag, gehalten am 8.12.1944. Eigenhändige Notizen, 1 Blatt; 5. Über psychologische Aspekte der Antisemitismusforschung des Instituts für Sozialforschung. Vortrag, gehalten am 19.4.1945. Eigenhändige Notizen, 2 Blatt; 6. Über sozioökonomische Aspekte des Antisemitismus in Europa und in der Arbeiterschaft der USA. Vortrag, gehalten am 8.6.1945. Psychosomatic Society a) Notizen zum Vortrag, 4 Blatt, b) eigenhändige Notizen, 3 Blatt; 7. Notizen zu 6., Typoskript, 17 Blatt,; 8. Notizen zu 6. "Quotations from Labor Study", Typoskript, 12 Blatt; 9. Über neue Forschungsprojekte des Instituts für Sozialforschung zum Antisemitismus. Vortrag, gehalten am 24.10.1945. Eigenhändige Notizen, 2 Blatt; 10. Über Antisemitismus. Vortrag, gehalten am 3.12.1945. Eigenhändige Notizen, 2 Blatt; 11.-15. Vorträge über Antisemitismus. Datierung unklar (etwa 1945) (u.a. "Mountvernon Speech" und "Breakfast Speech"), 17 Blatt; 16. Über Judentum und Katholizismus in der neueren Geschichte. Eigenhändige Notizen zu einem Vortrag, Datierung unklar, 3 Blatt; 17. Über Vorurteil, Vortrag oder Diskussion in einer Synagoge, Datierung unklar, eigenhändige Notizen, 1 Blatt; Max Horkheimer: Über die Antisemitismus-Forschungen des Instituts für Sozialforschung. Vortrag, gehalten beim U.C.R.A.C.-Meeting, 15.-17.6.1946, Chicago:; 1. eigenhändige Notizen, 13 Blatt; 2. Fragebogen, als Typoskript vervielfältigt, mit eigenhändigen Ergänzungen, 6 Blatt;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 687 - "Experimental Movie Project", "The Police and Minority Groups" u.a. (p. IX 150.1-17 - IX 152.1-2)

"Experimental Movie Project" (1945-46):; 1. "Below the Surface", Drehbuch des Testfilms, a) als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 46 Blatt, b) als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 26 Blatt, c) als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 26 Blatt, d) als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 26 Blatt "Experimental Movie Project" (1945-46): Memoranden zum Test; 2. 'Notes' 25.4.1946, Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 3. "Memorandum on Experimental Movie Project", 19.4.1946. Typoskript, 3 Blatt; 4. "Memorandum re: 'Below the Surface" (Juli 1945). Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 5. Dore Schary und Allen Rivkin: 'Memorandum, Subject: New Suggested Treatment for 'Below the Surface'", 13.7.1945. Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 6. Hans Richter: "Report about the film script 'Below the surface'", 7. u. 8.7.1945, a) Typoskript, 1 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 7. Hans Richter: Bestätigung der Vereinbarung mit dem American Jewish Committee, 3.7.1945. Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 8. "Notes and Suggestions re Experimental Motion Picture", Juni 1945. Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 9. Siegfried Kracauer; "Suggestions for the Dialogue" (4.4.1945). Typoskript, 3 Blatt; 10. "Motion Picture", März 1945. Typoskript, 5 Blatt; 11. "Project on a Test film", a) Typoskript, 4 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 5 Blatt; 12. "Memorandum re: 'Below the Surface'", a) Typoskript, 3 Blatt, b) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Theodor W. Adorno, 3 Blatt; "Experimental Movie Project" (1945-46): Korrespondenz zum Test-Film-Projekt:; 13. Friedrich Pollock: 1 Brief an Max Horkheimer, Santa Monica, California, 12.10.1945; 14. Theodor W. Adorno: 2 Briefe an Max Horkheimer, Los Angeles und Santa Monica, California, 1945; 15. Joseph M. Proskauer: 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer, o.O., 29.6.1945, 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, o.O., o.D., 3 Blatt; 16. Alexander Hackenschmied, 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, New York, 19.6.1945, 1 Blatt; 17. Gilbert Gabriel: 1 Brief von John Slawson, o.O., 22.3.1945, 2 Blatt; "The Police and Minority Groups" (1946):; 1. "The Police and Minority Groups". Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 2. Robert W. Kenny: "Police and Minority Groups - an Experiment". Als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 17 Blatt; 3. Davis McEntire, Robert B. Powers: "Police Training Bulletin. A Guide to Race Relations for Police Officers", State of California, 1946, 38 Seiten; Max Horkheimer: "Memorandum on a Study of Race Hatred in Post-War Germany" (1946):; 1. Memorandum, a) Typoskript, 8 Blatt, b) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen und handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 6 Blatt, c) Typoskript, 5 Blatt, d) Teilstück, Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 1 Blatt e) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 5 Blatt, f) Teilstück, Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt, g) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 7 Blatt, h) Teilstück, Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen und Ergänzungen, 1 Blatt, i) Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 2. Theodor W. Adorno: "Ad Memorandum Neumann", Manuskript, 3 Blatt;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 700 - "Labor Under National Socialism" "Notes on a Study in News Commentators" Forschungsprojekte und Memoranden zur Umgestaltung Nachkriegs-Deutschlands, besonders zur Umerziehung (p. IX 170a - IX 172.2-8)

Neumann, Franz L.: "Labor Under National Socialism", 19.03.1942. Typoskript, 66 Blatt; Löwenthal, Leo: "Notes on a Study in News Commentators" 23.01.1943; "Notes on a Study on News Commentators". Typoskript, 34 Blatt; "Treatment of Selected New Topics in News and News Commentator Programs". Typoskript, 53 Blatt; Forschungsprojekte und Memoranden zur Umgestaltung Nachkriegs-Deutschlands, besonders zur Umerziehung, 1942-1949; 1. "Project To Survey Present German Educational Practices in the Field of Social Sciences as a Means for Democratization. Supplementary Statements" 28.02.1949; a) Teilstück, Typoskript, 1 Blatt; b)-f) Typoskripte, zum Teil mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 21 Blatt; g) Eigenhändige Notizen von Max Horkheimer, 1 Blatt; h) Eigenhändige Notizen von Theodor W. Adorno, 1 Blatt; 2. Marcuse, Herbert: 2 Briefe mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer und Beil, ohne Ort, 1949; 1 Brief mit Unterschrift von Max Horkheimer, Pacific Palisades, 25.02.1949; 3. "German Project" a) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 12 Blatt; b) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 12 Blatt; c) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 5 Blatt; d) Eigenhändige Notizen von Max Horkheimer, 1 Blatt; 4. Emhardt, K.H.: 1 Briefabschrift an Max Horkheimer, München, 20.06.1948, 1 Blatt; 5. "Untersuchunge über die Durchführung und das Ergebnis der politischen Säuberung an den Hochschulen der Westzone" a) Typoskript, 4 Blatt; b) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt; 6. Über Antisemitismus und politische Fragen im Nachkriegsdeutschland. Auszug aus einem Brief von "F.L.", 1949, Typoskirpt, 9 Blatt; 7. "Liste of Signers of the 1933 manifesto". 1 Blatt; 8. Marcuse, Herbert: Über Probleme der Demokratisierung und des Chauvinismus im Nachkriegsdeutschland. Teilstück eines Typoskripts, 4 Blatt, mit einem eigenhändigen Brief mit Unterschrift an Leo Löwenthal, ohne Ort, 25.11.1948, 1 Blatt;

Environmental analysis on sediment core CRP-2 from the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Cape Roberts Project drill core 2/2A was obtained from Roberts Ridge, a sea-floor high located at 77° S, 16 km offshore from Cape Roberts in western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The recovered core is about 624 m long and includes strata dated as being Quaternary, Pliocene, Miocene and Oligocene in age. The core includes twelve facies commonly occurring in associations that are repeated in particular sequences throughout the core and which are interpreted as representing different depositional environments through time. Depositional systems inferred to be represented in the succession include: outer shelf with minor iceberg influence, outer shelf-inner shelf-nearshore to shoreface under iceberg influence, deltaic and/or grounding-line fan, and ice proximal-ice marginal-subglacial (mass flow/rainout diamictite/subglacial till) singly or in combination. Changes in palaeoenvironmental interpretations up the core are used to estimate relative glacial proximity to the site through time. These inferred glacial fluctuations are then compared with the global eustatic sea level and d18O curves to evaluate the potential of glacial fluctuations on Antarctica influencing these records of global change. Although the comparisons are tentative at present, the records do have similarities, but there are also some differences especially in possible number (and perhaps magnitude) of glacial fluctuations that require further evaluation.

Age determination, planktic foraminifera and stable istopes of sediment core MSM05/5_712-2

A sediment core from the West Spitsbergen continental margin was studied to reconstruct climate and paleoceanographic variability during the last ~9 ka in the eastern Fram Strait. Our multiproxy evidence suggests that the establishment of the modern oceanographic configuration in the eastern Fram Strait occurred stepwise, in response to the postglacial sea-level rise and the related onset of modern sea-ice production on the shallow Siberian shelves. The late Early and Mid Holocene interval (9 to 5 ka) was generally characterized by relatively unstable conditions. High abundance of the subpolar planktic foraminifer species Turborotalita quinqueloba implies strong intensity of Atlantic Water (AW) inflow with high productivity and/or high AW temperatures, resulting in a strong heat flux to the Arctic. A series of short-lived cooling events (8.2, 6.9. and 6.1 ka) occurred superimposed on the warm late Early and Mid Holocene conditions. Our proxy data imply that simultaneous to the complete postglacial flooding of Arctic shallow shelves and the initiation of modern sea-ice production, strong advance of polar waters initiated modern oceanographic conditions in the eastern Fram Strait at ~5.2 ka. The Late Holocene was marked by the dominance of the polar planktic foraminifer species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a significant expansion of sea ice/icebergs, and strong stratification of the water column. Although planktic foraminiferal assemblages as well as sea surface and subsurface temperatures suggest a return of slightly strengthened advection of subsurface Atlantic Water after 3 ka, a relatively stable cold-water layer prevailed at the sea surface and the study site was probably located within the seasonally fluctuating marginal ice zone during the Neoglacial period.

(Table 2) Observations of anticyclonic lenses of Mediterranean water in the Central North Atlantic

Analyses of spatial structure of hydrophysical fields and its vertical evolution in the Northeast Atlantic in a layer from the surface down to 2-2.5 km are carried out based on results of measurements in a testing area (31°-36°N, 20°-26°W) southeast of the Azores in autumn 1993. A description of an anti-cyclonic lens (ACL) of Mediterranean water (MW), which was found in the eastern part of the testing area from data of sets of sequential surveys, is presented. Analysis of CTD and XBT measurements in an area west of the lens allows to conclude that despite some contraction of width of the Azores Current directed eastward (from 60-80 km to 50-60 km) its total eastward volume transport for a period of time from October to November does not vary much. It is shown that intermediate salinity maxima in the northern part of the testing area formed by advection of MW and meddy destruction weakens while intersecting the Azores frontal zone (AFZ) from north to south, displacing itself to larger depth, and increases in thickness. Analysis of data shows that the number of lenses observed within the selected area north of the AFZ is two times more than that observed south of it. North of the AFZ observed salinity maximum and local temperature maxima may be associated with accumulation of heat and salt because of the fact that the AFZ is not only a southern boundary of penetration of MW into the North Atlantic, but also is a "semitransparent" boundary for Mediterranean lenses.

Benthic foraminifera abundance data of sediment core GeoB7926-2

We present a high resolution, multiproxy study of the relationship between pelagic and benthic environments of a coastal upwelling system in the subtropical NE Atlantic Ocean. Marine sediments corresponding to late MIS3 to the Holocene in the radiocarbon dated core GeoB7926, retrieved off Mauritania (21°N) were analysed to reconstruct productivity in surface waters and its linkage to deep waters during the last 35 ka BP. High latitude cold events and changes in atmospheric and oceanographic dynamics influenced upwelling intensity over this time period. Subsequently, this caused changes in primary productivity off this low-latitude coastal upwelling locality. The benthic foraminiferal fauna displays four main community shifts corresponding to fundamental climatic events, first of all during late MIS3 (35-28 ka BP), secondly from 28 to 19 ka BP (including Heinrich event 2 and the LGM), thirdly within Heinrich event 1, the Bølling Allerød and the Younger Dryas (18-11.5 ka BP) and finally during the Holocene (11.5-0 ka BP). In particular, strong pelagic-benthic coupling is apparent in MIS 3, as demonstrated by increased primary productivity, indicated by moderate DAR and the dominance of benthic foraminiferal species which prefer fresh phytodetritus. A decline in upwelling intensity and nutrient availability follows, which resulted in a proportionately larger amount of older, degraded matter, provoking a shift in the benthic foraminifera fauna composition. This rapid response of the benthic environment continues with a progressive increase in upwelling intensity due to sea level and oceanographic changes and according high surface production during the LGM. During Heinrich event 1 and the Younger Dryas, extreme levels of primary production actually hindered benthic environment through the development of low oxygen conditions. After this period, a final change in benthic foraminiferal community composition occurs which indicates a return to more oxygenated conditions during the Holocene.

Fatty acid content of POM, sediment, foraminifer and peracarid samples obtained during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIV/2 (PS71)

In order to investigate the diversity of diet composition in macrobenthic peracarid crustaceans from the Antarctic shelf and deep sea, the fatty acid (FA) composition of different species belonging to the orders Isopoda, Amphipoda, Cumacea and Tanaidacea was analysed. Multivariate analyses of the FA composition confirmed general differences between the orders, but also distinct differences within these orders. To gain information on the origin of the FAs found, the potential food sources sediment, POM and foraminiferans were included in the study. Most of the analysed amphipod species displayed high 18:1(n-9)-18:1(n-7) ratios, widely used as an indicator for a carnivorous component in the diet. Cumaceans were characterised by increased phytoplankton FA markers such as 20:5(n-3) (up to 29% of total FAs), suggesting a diet based on phytodetritus. High values of the FA 20:4(n-6) were found in some munnopsid isopods (up to 21% of total FAs) and some tanaidacean species (up to 19% of total FAs). 20:4(n-6) also occurred in high proportions in some foraminiferan samples (up to 21% of total fatty acids), but not in sediment and POM, possibly indicating the ingestion of foraminiferans by some peracarid crustaceans.