Office of the University President Sous fonds: Dr. James A. Gibson

Dr. James A. Gibson was born in Ottawa on January 29, 1912 to John W. and Belle Gibson. At an early age the family moved to Victoria, B.C. where John W. Gibson was a director of the Elementary Agricultural Education Branch, Department of Education. Gibson received his early education in Victoria, receiving a B.A. (honours) at UBC in 1931. In 1931 he was awarded the Rhodes scholarship and received his B.A., M.A., B.Litt and D. Phil at New College, Oxford. This was to be the beginning of a long and dedicated relationship with the Rhodes Scholar Association. Upon his return to Canada, Dr. Gibson lectured in Economics and Government at the University of British Columbia. In 1938 he was married to Caroline Stein in Philadelphia, and the same year joined the staff of the Department of External Affairs as a Foreign Service officer. Within twenty minutes of his arrival he was seconded to the Office of the Prime Minister and Secretary of State for External Affairs, W. L. Mackenzie King in charge of War Records and Liaison Officer. This was a critical time in the history of Canada, and Dr. Gibson experienced firsthand several milestones, including the Royal Visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1939. Dr. Gibson was present at the formation of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945, being part of the Prime Minister’s professional staff as well as attending conferences in Washington, Quebec and London as an advisor to the Canadian delegation. Gibson contributed many articles to the publication bout de papier about his experiences during these years. After his resignation in 1947, Gibson joined the staff of the fledgling Carleton College, as a lecturer. In 1949 he was appointed a professor and in 1951 became Dean of Arts and Sciences. Dr. Gibson acted as President from 1955 to 1956 upon the sudden death of Dr. MacOdrum. In 1963 Dr. Gibson accepted the invitation of the Brock University Founders’ Committee, chaired by Arthur Schmon, to become the founding president. Dr. Gibson guided the new University from a converted refrigeration plant, to an ever expanding University campus on the brow of the Niagara Escarpment. Dr. Gibson remained firmly “attached” to Brock University. Even after official retirement, in 1974, he retained the title President Emeritus. Gibson’s final official contribution was an unpublished ten year history of the University. In retirement Gibson remained active in scholarly pursuits. He was a visiting scholar at the Center of Canadian Studies, University of Edinburgh; continued his ongoing research activities focusing on W. L. Mackenzie King, the Office of the Governor General of Canada, and political prisoners transported to Van Dieman’s Land. He remained active in the Canadian Association of Rhodes Scholars, becoming editor from 1975 to 1994 and was appointed Editor Emeritus and Director for Life in 1995 in honour of his dedicated and outstanding service. In 1993 he was awarded one of Canada’s highest achievements, the Order of Canada. Gibson retained close ties with Brock University and many of its faculty. He maintained an office in the Politics Department where he became a vital part of the department. In 1996 Brock University honoured Gibson by naming the University Library in his honour. James A. Gibson Library staff was instrumental in celebrating the 90th birthday of Gibson in 2002, with a widely attended party in the Pond Inlet where many former students, including Silver Badgers. The attendees also included former and current colleagues from Brock University, Canadian Rhodes Scholars Association, family and friends. Gibson was later to remark that the highlight of this event was the gift of his original academic robe which he had personally designed in 1964. In 2003 Dr. Gibson moved to Ottawa to be near some of his children and the city of his birth and early career. In that year “two visits to Brock ensued: the first, to attend a special celebration of the James A. Gibson Library; his late to attend the 74th Convocation on Saturday, October 18, 2003. A week later, in Ottawa, he went for a long walk, returned to his residence, Rideau Gardens, went into the lounge area, took off his coat and folded it up, put it on the back of his chair, sat down, folded his hands in his lap, closed his eyes, and died”. With sources from: Carleton University The Charlatan, Gibson CV, and Memorial Service Programme

Productivité de manuels scolaires adaptés pour élèves ayant deux années de retard en lecture

La complexité de la tâche qu’est la lecture du français en interaction avec les caractéristiques de la personne qui a un retard de deux ans en lecture, la population cible de cette recherche, place cette dernière en situation d’échec. Tous les processus impliqués dans l’acte de lire en interaction avec ces caractéristiques induisent des échecs et des retards d’apprentissage de la lecture. L’enseignant, qui souhaite utiliser un manuel scolaire tout en intégrant un élève de 3e année ne sachant toujours pas lire, a deux choix : lui offrir un manuel de 1re année, un manuel de 3e année ou adapter lui-même son matériel. Si l’enseignant lui remet un manuel de 1re année, l’élève vit des réussites, mais les thèmes sont infantilisants. Si l’enseignant remet un manuel de 3e année à ce même élève, les thèmes ne sont pas infantilisants, mais le niveau en lecture place ce dernier systématiquement en situation d’échec. Si l’enseignant adapte lui-même le matériel, l’entreprise est grande en charge de travail pour ce dernier. En réponse à ce dilemme, le Groupe DÉFI Accessibilité (GDA) a conçu des manuels scolaires adaptés. Ils sont, à première vue, identiques à la version originale Signet (3e année), mêmes thèmes, mêmes titres, mêmes numéros de pages, mêmes illustrations et mêmes réponses aux deux premières questions de chaque page, mais les textes sont simplifiés afin de permettre la lecture à l’élève de 3e année qui a deux ans de retard dans cette matière. En accord avec une stratégie de design inclusif, la simplification des manuels par le GDA a été réalisée en fonction des caractéristiques d’un groupe de référence reconnu pour avoir de grandes difficultés d’apprentissage de la lecture, soit des élèves qui ont des incapacités intellectuelles (Langevin, Rocque, Ngongang et Chaghoumi, 2012). L’objet de cette thèse est le calcul de la productivité et de l’efficience de ces manuels scolaires adaptés auprès d’élèves qui ont deux années de retard en lecture, la population cible. La méthodologie utilisée pour cette recherche est l’analyse de la valeur pédagogique, une méthode systématique de développement et d’évaluation de produits, procédés ou services, adaptée de l’ingénierie. Cette recherche a pour objet la troisième et dernière phase de l’analyse de la valeur pédagogique, soit l’évaluation des manuels scolaires adaptés. En analyse de la valeur pédagogique, comme pour cette recherche, la mise à l’essai a deux objectifs : comparer le prototype créé au cahier des charges fonctionnel regroupant toutes les fonctions que devrait remplir le produit pour répondre aux besoins de ses utilisateurs potentiels et calculer la productivité/efficience. Puisqu’il s’agit d’une première mise à l’essai, un troisième objectif est ajouté, soit la proposition de pistes d’amélioration au prototype de manuels scolaires adaptés. La mise à l’essai s’est échelonnée sur six mois. L’échantillon regroupe quatre enseignantes de 3e année, deux en classes spéciales et deux en classes régulières. Ces dernières enseignent à 32 élèves utilisateurs des manuels scolaires adaptés : six sont dyslexiques, quatre ont une connaissance insuffisante de la langue française, un a un trouble envahissant du développement avec incapacités intellectuelles et 21 ont des incapacités intellectuelles légères. Les résultats sont présentés sous la forme de trois articles. Les quatre enseignantes ont confirmé la réponse des manuels scolaires adaptés au cahier des charges fonctionnel. De plus, la phase de conception a été jugée efficiente et la phase d’utilisation productive. Il n’y a pas de modification à faire aux manuels scolaires adaptés. Par contre, le guide d’utilisateur doit être modifié, puisque l’outil n’a pas été utilisé tel qu’il était prévu par l’équipe de conception.

Ground deformation at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat during 1998-2000 measured by radar interferometry and GPS

We examine the motion of the ground surface on the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat between 1998 and 2000 using radar interferometry (InSAR). To minimise the effects of variable atmospheric water vapour on the InSAR measurements we use independently-derived measurements of the radar path delay from six continuous GPS receivers. The surfaces providing a measurable inter-ferometric signal are those on pyroclastic flow deposits, mainly emplaced in 1997. Three types of surface motion can be discriminated. Firstly, the surfaces of thick, valley-filling deposits subsided at rates of 150-120 mm/year in the year after emplacement to 50-30 mm/year two years later. This must be due to contraction and settling effects during cooling. The second type is the near-field motion localised within about one kilometre of the dome. Both subsidence and uplift events are seen and though the former could be due to surface gravitational effects, the latter may reflect shallow (< 1 km) pressurisation effects within the conduit/dome. Far-field motions of the surface away from the deeply buried valleys are interpreted as crustal strains. Because the flux of magma to the surface stopped from March 1998 to November 1999 and then resumed from November 1999 through 2000, we use InSAR data from these two periods to test the crustal strain behaviour of three models of magma supply: open, depleting and unbalanced. The InSAR observations of strain gradients of 75-80 mm/year/krn uplift during the period of quiescence on the western side of the volcano are consistent with an unbalanced model in which magma supply into a crustal magma chamber continues during quiescence, raising chamber pressure that is then released upon resumption of effusion. GPS motion vectors agree qualitatively with the InSAR displacements but are of smaller magnitude. The discrepancy may be due to inaccurate compensation for atmospheric delays in the InSAR data. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Corneal graft survival after therapeutic keratoplasty for Acanthamoeba keratitis

Purpose: To describe corneal graft survival and visual outcome after therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) that is unresponsive to clinical treatment. Methods: Retrospective study. Thirty-two patients with AK who underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (tPK) from August 1996 to August 2005 were included. Data relating to clinical features, visual acuity, surgical technique, graft survival and complications were collected. Graft survival was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons were performed using the Log-rank test. Results: Most patients (62.5%) were female. Mean age [+/- standard deviation (SD)] was 35 (+/- 13) years (range 15-68 years). All patients were contact lens wearers. Eighteen patients (56%) presented paralytic mydriasis and glaucoma during the treatment. Thirteen patients (40%) developed glaucoma after surgery; eight of them (61%) required a second PK because of graft failure. Of the 32 keratoplasty eyes, 56.2% presented graft failure at any follow-up point. Forty-five per cent of graft failures occurred before the 12 month follow-up, so 55% remained clear in the first year after surgery. Twelve patients underwent a second PK; seven of them failed and 45% were clear at 1 year. Two patients presented graft recurrence of amoebic infection. There was no significant difference in graft survival when eyes with or without mydriasis were compared (P = 0.40). Eyes with glaucoma presented a significantly shorter graft survival (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Penetrating keratoplasty is a treatment option for eyes that are unresponsive to clinical treatment infections. However, graft survival is poor; postoperative glaucoma is frequent and is associated with shorter graft survival.

A educação escolar na comunidade negra de Sibaúma: a trajetória educacional da Escola Municipal Armando de Paiva

The black communities, nowadays known as quilombolas, have long been segregated in social and cultural distances in relation to other groups in the country. Gradually, the establishment of public policy has enabled the inclusion of these social communities in new instances, favoring the improvement of standards of learning. In order to know the route of the school in relation to its surroundings, this paper presents a reflection on the educational history of the Municipal School Padre Armando de Paiva, inserted in the context of afrodescendência (African descendants), in the community called Sibaúma, municipality of Tibau do Sul - RN, characterized as the object of this study. Methodologically, this study is limited in a descriptive research of the historical reconstruction of the school, a case considered worthy of analysis. From a reflection on the presence of African descent in Brazil and in Rio Grande do Norte, the study also presents information on education in Brazil. Finally, it presents the trajectories directed to the analysis of physical conditions, the dynamics of registration, and avoidance of repetition of its students and the qualifications of its teaching staff. Survey selected for analysis five-year academic periods, a series which began in the year nineteen eighty and ends in the year two thousand and ten

Efeitos de diferentes densidades populacionais nas estações fria e quente do ano sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of broilers reared under different population densities in the cold and hot seasons of the year. Two identical experiments were conducted, one during the winter for 49 days, and the other during the summer where the chicks were slaughtered at 42 days of age. Commercial Hubbard broiler-type chicks were distributed in a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with population densities of 10, 14, 18, and 22 birds/m 2, by sex, and with four replications. Feed intake was reduced with a progressive decrease of available space for the chicks, and it resulted in a linear decrease in weight gain. However, there was a linear increase in the live weight of broilers in kilograms per area of floor space, proportional to the increase of population density, without effect on the viability. The progressive increment in the population density reduced the observed feed/gain ratio during the total winter rearing period for both sexes. There was no effect of population density on this characteristic during the hot season of the year. Population density did not affect the carcass yield of chicks during the summer. However, there was a linear increase on carcass yield with an increase in population density in the winter. The males, at the age slaughtered, had higher weights, feed intakes, and better feed/gain ratios, and lower abdominal fat and higher live weight production in kilograms per floor area than females. However, the viable index for the males was lower. From the results obtained, there was a linear increase in the liveweight of broilers in kilograms per floor area, making it possible to rear broilers under higher population densities, independent of the season of the year, as well as the occurrence of a decrease in feed intake and weight gain of the chicks with a decrease of available space.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of pulpotomies employing calcium hydroxide and trioxide mineral aggregate

This study utilized clinical and radiographic examinations to compare the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide paste and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) for pulpotomies of primary molars in children. Ninety primary molars that showed clinical and radiographic indications for pulpotomy treatment were selected. The pulpotomies were performed in two sessions, using a corticosteroid/ antibiotic solution as therapeutic dressing. The sample was divided into two groups of 45 teeth, in which the pulpal remains were protected with either calcium hydroxide paste (Group 1) or MTA (Group 2). Radiographs were taken immediately and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up appointments. Three teeth in Group 1 failed after three months, while two cases failed after six months and one more failed at one year. Two failures were found in Group 2 at the 12-month follow-up. These results indicate that both materials may be utilized for pulpotomies in primary teeth.

Doses e formas de aplicação de molibdênio na cultura do milho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Constituição cariotípica em leptodactilídeos do gênero Leptodactylus e em espécies de famílias relacionadas à Leptodactylidae (Amphibia: Anura)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Leishmaniose visceral no município de Barcarena, Pará: importância do comportamento da enzootia canina por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi e de outros fatores para a infecção humana

A leishmaniose é uma doença infecciosa não contagiosa de evolução crônica com altos índices de mortalidade, sendo que o Brasil notifica cerca de 90% dos casos do continente Americano. Sua importância no contexto da saúda publica tem aumentado em função do crescente número de casos que vem ocorrendo não só na zona rural como também na periferia de grandes centros urbanos. A epidemiologia do LV no Brasil é baseada na ocorrência de casos clínicos. Neste sentido o presente estudo propôs-se a estudar o comportamento da enzootia como sua importância e de outros fatores para a infecção humana. Pois pouco se conhece sobre os determinantes de infecção e sua importância na manutenção da doença. Para isso foi definido de uma localidade município de Barcarena, onde a população é estável, ocorrendo a doença de forma endêmica. O estudo acompanhou durante um ano duas coortes, sendo uma para caninos, com 172 cães, e uma para humanos, com 1064 pessoas das quais apenas 1012 participaram da coleta de material, pois 52 pessoas estavam fora da faixa de idade compatível para a realização dos procedimentos. A realização do teste sorológico de Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI), teve como finalidade a determinação de prevalência inicial de infecção e as incidências em dois momentos do estudo, tanto da população humana quanto canina. Também foi realizado na população humana a Intradermo Reação de Montenegro (IDRM) com a mesma finalidade, aferir a prevalência e incidência de infecção através deste método. Outros fatores também foram analisados e podem estar associados ao risco para a infecção. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada com auxilio dos programas EPI INFO versão 6.04 e BIOESTAT versão 3.0 e os testes aplicados foram o Qui - Quadrado e o cálculo de prevalência e incidência. No inquérito sorológico canino foi observado uma prevalência de infecção canina de 37,2% e, a incidência seis meses após, foi de 29,2%. No intervalo da segunda para a terceira coleta foi realizada a eutanásia dos cães sorologicamente positivos, num total de 70 cães, pois 15 haviam morrido antes da intervenção. A incidência calculada após a intervenção mostrou uma taxa de 14,6%, o que caracteriza uma redução de cerca de 50%. Quanto à titulação, em todas as etapas foram observados títulos considerados elevados. Vale ressaltar que dos 54 animais que não apresentavam sinais clínicos, 30 estavam infectados (55,5%). Quando realizado o inquérito sorológico humano, foi observada uma prevalência de infecção humana de 5,25%, e a incidência seis meses após foi de 1,8% e na ultima avaliação 7,0%, com aumento de cerca de 300%. Em relação às características da população foi observado que entre os infectados não houve predomínio de nenhuma faixa etária. A variável sexo não foi significativa para a ocorrência de infecção. Sobre os infectados tanto pela RIFI, quanto a IDRM, destaca-se a significância estatística da variável ocupação, e neste contexto, a categoria agricultor foi a que se apresentou com maior proporção. As variáveis tempo residência no local, proximidade de residência com a mata, destino do lixo e dejetos também mostraram- se significativas. Quanto a variável faixa etária, a distribuição dos infectados pela RIFI não foi predominante em nenhuma faixa; na IDRM, observou-se que à medida que aumenta a idade aumenta também a proporção de infectados. Outros resultados foram observados de grande relevância para a associação ao risco de infecção, mas a observação quanto a infectados pela RIFI e IDRM foi a que mereceu destaque em função da significância estatística. O estudo mostrou-se adequado para o conhecimento da prevalência e incidência de infecção canina e humana na localidade, assim como o comportamento de alguns fatores que associados podem constituir-se em risco para infecção.

Referência e code-switching: traços de singularidade na linguagem de uma criança bilíngue

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Planting and production of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a bioenergy crop in Michigan's Upper Peninsula

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial grass holding great promise as a biofuel resource. While Michigan’s Upper Peninsula has an appropriate land base and climatic conditions, there is little research exploring the possibilities of switchgrass production. The overall objectives of this research were to investigate switchgrass establishment in the northern edge of its distribution through: investigating the effects of competition on the germination and establishment of switchgrass through the developmental and competitive characteristics of Cave-in-Rock switchgrass and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula; and, determining the optimum planting depths and timing for switchgrass in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. For the competition study, a randomized complete block design was installed June 2009 at two locations in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Four treatments (0, 1, 4, and 8 plants/m2) of crabgrass were planted with one switchgrass plant. There was a significant difference between switchgrass biomass produced in year one, as a function of crabgrass weed pressure. There was no significant difference between the switchgrass biomass produced in year two versus previous crabgrass weed pressure. There is a significant difference between switchgrass biomass produced in year one and two. For the depth and timing study, a completely randomized design was installed at two locations in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula on seven planting dates (three fall 2009, and four spring 2010); 25 seeds were planted 2 cm apart along 0.5 m rows at depths of: 0.6 cm, 1.3 cm, and 1.9 cm. Emergence and biomass yields were compared by planting date, and depths. A greenhouse seeding experiment was established using the same planting depths and parameters as the field study. The number of seedlings was tallied daily for 30 days. There was a significant difference in survivorship between the fall and spring planting dates, with the spring being more successful. Of the four spring planting dates, there was a significant difference between May and June in emergence and biomass yield. June planting dates had the most percent emergence and total survivorship. There is no significant difference between planting switchgrass at depths of 0.6 cm, 1.3 cm, and 1.9 cm. In conclusion, switchgrass showed no signs of a legacy effect of competition from year one, on biomass production. Overall, an antagonistic effect on switchgrass biomass yield during the establishment period has been observed as a result of increasing competing weed pressure. When planting switchgrass in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, it should be done in the spring, within the first two weeks of June, at any depth ranging from 0.6 cm to 1.9 cm.

Modified temporal approach for a rostro-temporal basal meningioma in a cat

An 11-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair indoor cat was presented to our hospital for treatment of a left-sided rostro-temporal basal meningioma. Focal seizures in the facial muscles had been observed sporadically for 1 year. Two weeks prior to presentation the cat had developed generalised seizures and was treated with symptomatic anticonvulsive treatment. Focal facial seizures, especially on the right side, persisted after medical therapy. From the computed tomography scan, a basal meningioma was suspected by the treating veterinarian. A left-sided suprazygomatical temporobasal approach to the zygomatic arch was chosen because it causes less soft tissue damage. After craniotomy, durotomy and gentle dorsal retraction of the left piriform lobe, the meningioma was removed. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging confirmed complete excision of the tumour. One day after surgery the cat was alert and a left-sided facial nerve palsy was noticed. Otherwise the neurological examination was normal. Anticonvulsive and eye moistening therapy was continued for 3 months. Six months after surgery the cat was clinically normal without any recurrence of seizures.

The Effect on Meat Quality of Integrating Pasturing Systems into Cattle Finishing Programs

The effect on meat quality of integrating pasturing systems into cattle finishing programs was observed over a two-year period. Year one consisted of 84 fall born calves and 28 spring born calves and year two consisted of 116 fall born calves. The effect of using Rumensinâ for cattle on bromegrass pasture was incorporated into year one. In year two cattle on pasture received bromegrass pasture, and one treatment group received switchgrass during the warm season. In both years there was a control group of calves that went directly to the feedlot with the remaining calves going to pasture for varying periods of time before being finished in drylot. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, cattle were processed into beef, and a ribeye steak was removed from each carcass for sensory evaluation. In year one cattle that were on pasture the longest had the lowest (P<0.05) average quality grades. In year two this trend was reversed, and cattle placed directly into drylot had the lowest (P<0.05) average quality grades. In both years cattle carcasses in all treatments averaged yield grade 2. Warner Bratzler shear force values were not affected by treatments. Sensory panel evaluations indicated tenderness was unaffected by treatments, and in year two flavor and flavor intensity were unaffected by treatments. In year one flavor intensity was lowest (P<0.05) for steaks derived from cattle that were on pasture the longest and received Rumensinâ. Inclusion of Rumensinâ for cattle on pasture did not influence yield and quality grades or affect tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. Results of this study indicate that steer calves placed on cool and warm season pastures prior to being finished in drylot, can produce carcasses with acceptable yield and quality grades and that the meat eating qualities will be largely unaffected by the inclusion of pasture.

Efficacy of Grazing Stockpiled Perennial Forages for Winter Maintenance of Beef Cows

In a three year study, wintering systems utilizing the grazing of stockpiled perennial hay crop forages or corn crop residues were compared to maintaining cows in a drylot. In the summer of 1992, two cuttings of hay were harvested (June 22 and August 2) from three 10-acre fields containing “Johnstone” endophyte-free tall fescue and “Spreador II” alfalfa, and one cutting of hay was harvested from three 10- acre fields of smooth brome grass. “Arlington” red clover was frost-seeded into the smooth bromegrass fields in 1993 and into tall fescue-alfalfa and smooth bromegrass fields into 1994. Two cuttings of hay were harvested from all fields in subsequent years, and three-year average hay yields for tall fescue-alfalfa and smooth bromegrass-red clover were 4,336 and 3,481 pounds per acre, respectively. Regrowth of the forage following the August hay harvest of each year was accumulated for winter grazing. Following a killing frost in each year, two fields of each stockpiled forage were stocked with cows in midgestation at two acres per cow. Two 10-acre fields of corn crop residues were also stocked at two acres per cow, following the grain harvest. Mean dry matter forage yields at the initiation of grazing were 1,853, 2,173 and 5,797 pounds per acre for fields containing tall fescue-alfalfa, smooth bromegrass-red clover, and cornstalks, respectively. A drylot was stocked with 18 cows in 1992 and 1993 and 10 cows in 1994. All cows were fed hay as necessary to maintain a body condition score of five. During grazing, mean losses of organic matter were -6.4, -7.6, and -10.7 pounds per acre per cow from tall fescue-alfalfa, smooth bromegrass-red clover, and cornstalk fields. Average organic matter loss rates from stockpiled forages due to weathering alone were equal to only 30% of the weathering losses of the corn crop residues. In vitro digestibility of both stockpiled forages and cornstalks decreased at equal rates during grazing each year, with respective annual loss rates of .14, .08, and .06% per day. Cows grazing corn crop residues required an average of 1,321 pounds per cow less hay than cows maintained in the drylot to maintain equivalent body condition during the grazing season. Cows grazing tall fescue-alfalfa or smooth bromegrass-red clover had body weight gains and condition score changes equal to cows maintained in a drylot but required 64% and 62% less harvested hay than cows in the drylot during the grazing season. Over the entire stored forage cows grazing tall fescue-alfalfa and smooth bromegrass-red clover required an average of 2,390 and 2,337 pounds per cow less than those maintained in the drylot. Because less hay was needed to maintain cows grazing stockpiled forages, average annual excesses of 5,629 and 3,868 pounds of hay dry matter per cow remained in the stockpiled tall fescue-alfalfa and smooth bromegrass-red clover systems.