Aspectos psicossociais do impedimento laboral por motivos de saúde em trabalhadores de cozinhas industriais

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a relação trabalho / saúde em trabalhadores de cozinhas industriais, focalizando o aspecto socioeconômico e outras dimensões da vida social (estresse no trabalho e eventos de vida produtores de estresse), incluindo-se morbidade (obesidade, doenças crônicas e transtornos mentais comuns), condição laboral (incômodos ambientais e acidentes de trabalho) e comportamentos relacionados à saúde (consumo alimentar, tabagismo e álcool). Utilizando dados coletados nos nove Restaurantes Populares do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, apresentam-se três artigos. O primeiro descreve a população de estudo, considerando três grupos ocupacionais: Administrativos, Cozinheiros e Copeiros, e os Auxiliares de Serviços Gerais. O segundo artigo investiga a associação entre as características psicossociais e o impedimento laboral por motivos de saúde, considerando uma análise hierarquizada e, finalmente, o terceiro artigo discute a certificação da reprodutibilidade, na população de estudo, do questionário sueco da versão para o português do Demand-Control Questionnaire (DCQ), utilizado para avaliar estresse no ambiente de trabalho. Os homens representaram 62,7% do total de trabalhadores. A idade média dos funcionários foi de 35,1 anos, (DP=10,3). A renda familiar líquida foi de até dois salários mínimos para 60% dos trabalhadores. Obteve-se para o tempo de trabalho em cozinhas, uma média de 59,8 meses, tendo variado de um mínimo de 2 meses e máximo de 30 anos. A prevalência de doenças que tinham diagnóstico médico foi de 15,0% para Doença Osteomusculares Relacionadas ao Trabalho (DORT); 14,3% para Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica; 12,7% para Gastrite; e, 2,1% para Diabete Mellitus tipo II. O acidente de trabalho corte foi relatado por 20,2% dos trabalhadores, seguido de contusão com 16,0%. A prevalência de acidentes de trabalho foi mais expressiva entre os ASG. A prevalência de impedimento laboral por motivos de saúde foi de 10,8%. Os modelos resultantes das análises multivariadas de associação entre impedimentos das atividades laborais e as variáveis que permaneceram no modelo final após o ajustes das variáveis indicaram que aqueles que referiram estado geral de saúde regular e ruim tiveram uma razão de prevalência de três para impedimento das atividades laborais comparados aos de muito bom e bom estado geral de saúde (RP: 3,59; IC:1,44-8,97). Os trabalhadores que exerciam suas atividades nos restaurante localizados na área 2 (Bangu, Central do Brasil, Maracanã e Niterói) apresentaram RP:2,38; IC:1,15-4,91) para ausências no trabalho quando comparados aos da área 1 (Barra Mansa, Campos, Itaboraí, Duque de Caxias e Nova Iguaçu). A confiabilidade da escala do DCQ, teste-reteste, produziu um Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse para as dimensões: demanda psicológica, controle do trabalho e apoio social no trabalho de 0,70, 0,68 e 0,80, respectivamente, sendo considerados bom. Este estudo reforça a importância dos aspectos psicossociais na ocorrência do impedimento por motivos de saúde e contribui para o conhecimento dessas relações. Sugere-se realizar estudos com desenho longitudinal, que permitam aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os determinantes psicossociais do trabalho e o absenteísmo.

INFLUENCE ON THE THIN-LAYER SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY - DIFFUSION WITHIN A THIN-LAYER CELL

The potential step and cyclic voltammetric experiments in the thin layer cell were studied by the digital simulation method in this work. A relationship between the time needed for exhaustive electrolysis of the electroactive species and the thickness of the thin layer cell was obtained. On the basis of this formula, the lower time limit for a kinetic plot of the following chemical reaction can be estimated. For the cyclic voltammetry, a semiempirical formula was derived for the peak-peak potential difference (Delta Ep) in terms of the sweep rate (v), thickness of the cell (d), diffusion coefficient (D) and electron transfer number (n) 59 - n Delta Ep/n Delta Ep = 0.328(RT D/nF vd(2))(1.20).

A preliminary study on thermoluminescence characteristics of sediments from the North Pacific

Thirty-eight surficial deposit samples were collected from the equatorial North Pacific, and the natural thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of both bulk and clay fraction samples ( < 2 mu m fractions) were studied by the FJ427 - Al automatic TL Dosimeter for the first time. With the measurements of clay mineral composition, element composition by XRD and ICP, the correlations between TL intensity and sedimentary environment proxies were analyzed, such as water depth, ratio of FeO to Fe2O3 contents, LOI, and major clay mineral concentration, and it was found the bulk sample's TL signal was stronger than the clay ones. Usually, increase in the clay components may result in the decrease of TL intensity. From the shape of TL curves, the pelagic sediments can be divided into two groups: the majority group has two glow peaks, in general, the first peak is broad and flat, but the second narrow and sharp; the minority group only has a single peak because the first is absent. The peak centers of TL curves are almost fixed, falling in the temperature sections 230 similar to 260 and 390 similar to 405 degrees C respectively. Lorentz model packed in the Origin 7.5 was chosen to deal with the TL curves. From the processing results, three parameters ( H, C and A), corresponding to the height, center, and kurtosis of TL curve, were obtained to describe the curve characteristics. The correlations between TL curve parameters and sedimentary environment proxies were also calculated. On the basis of the above work, the relationship between TL characteristics and sediment type, mineral composition, sedimentary environment of surface sediments was discussed in the study area, and a conclusion is: sediments from the environment of shallower water, higher organic contents and weaker reductivity have stronger TL signals.

Structure and Change: Douglass North's Economics

Douglass North is a pivotal figure in the development of the 'new' economic history as well as the 'new' institutional economics. However, the relationship between these two aspects of his thinking remains undeveloped in previous critical assessments of North's work. The relationship is clarified here. The evidence presented indicates that three distinct phases can be distinguished in his writings between the 1950s and the 2000s. The paper relates these changing views to the shifting mainstream within economics and the effects that this shift has in turn had on economic history research. Economic history has adapted to economic research by abandoning some practices associated with the earlier cliometric literature. Furthermore, North is unique to the extent that his recent writings represent something of a convergence with 'old' institutionalism. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

Conciliação família-trabalho em famílias monoparentais:uma abordagem comparativa de género

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Sociais (Sociologia Geral), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2013

High level student autonomy in a virtual learning environment

This case study explores the experiences of a group of students (the authors) working as a tutor-less group (TLG) that developed during a web-based MEd programme. We describe the development and life cycle of the TLG, the experiences of the students and the effects on those who continued to work in a tutored environment. Members of the TLG demonstrated high levels of autonomy and group work. The relationship between the TLG and communities of practice is considered.

La compétence en emploi peut-elle prédire la santé psychologique des enseignants?

La présente thèse de doctorat porte sur la relation entre la santé psychologique au travail, les besoins fondamentaux et la compétence en emploi. En plus de valider un questionnaire de compétences en emploi (QCE), cette thèse propose que les compétences en emploi puissent prédire la santé psychologique au travail par la satisfaction des besoins fondamentaux dans le domaine de l’enseignement. Le premier article a pour objectif de présenter la conception et la validation de l’instrument de mesure des compétences en emploi dans le domaine de l’enseignement. Une première étape dans notre étude a permis l’identification de trois solutions factorielles possibles : structure à un seul facteur, structure à deux facteurs et structure à un facteur de deuxième ordre. Les matrices des corrélations des énoncés étaient fiables, se prêtaient bien à l’analyse factorielle exploratoire et présentaient de bonnes cohérences internes. La deuxième étape de notre étude a été de type confirmatif. Chacune des trois solutions factorielles proposées a été analysée, ce qui a permis l’identification du modèle le mieux ajusté compte tenu des seuils empiriques des indices retenus pour l’analyse par équations structurelles. L’étude réalisée sur un échantillon d’enseignants québécois démontre que nous pouvons conclure aux bonnes qualités psychométriques de l’instrument analysé. Les limites et les apports de cette étude seront aussi présentés. Le deuxième article examine les liens entre les compétences en emploi dans le domaine de l’enseignement, la santé psychologique au travail et la satisfaction des trois besoins fondamentaux (autonomie, compétence et affiliation). Un modèle de médiation est testé par des analyses de modélisation par équations structurelles. Dans ce modèle, on considère que la satisfaction des trois besoins fondamentaux (autonomie, compétence et affiliation sociale) agisse comme médiateur dans la relation entre les compétences en emploi et la santé psychologique au travail. Une relation de médiation partielle (Baron & Kenny, 1986) a été trouvée dans notre échantillon, en utilisant l’analyse de rééchantillonnage par « bootstrap », dans le cadre de la modélisation par équations structurelles. Les limites de la recherche, ainsi que des suggestions de recherches futures seront proposées.

A study of sexuality following traumatic brain injury : moving towards the validation of a biopsychosocial model

L’étude de la sexualité dans le contexte des maladies neurologiques est un domaine émergent qui nous permet de mieux comprendre les corrélats cérébraux et neurocomportementaux de divers aspects de la sexualité. Les changements au sujet de la sexualité sont fréquents à la suite de troubles neurologiques tels que les blessures de la moelle épinière, la sclérose en plaques, l’accident vasculaire cérébral, l'épilepsie et les traumatismes craniocérébraux (TCC). Compte tenu de la complexité de la sexualité après un TCC, celle-ci doit être analysée à partir d'une perspective biopsychosociale qui comprend trois facteurs interdépendants : a) les facteurs neuropsychologiques et psychologiques, b) les variables médicales et physiques, et c) les facteurs relationnels. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier certains éléments de la sexualité auprès de personnes ayant subi un TCC afin de fournir des preuves empiriques pour contribuer à la validation d’une perspective biopsychosociale de la sexualité après un TCC. Trois études quantitatives originales ont été effectuées auprès de personnes ayant subi un TCC léger, modéré ou grave et ayant reçu des services de réadaptation post-TCC, et d’un groupe de témoins en bonne santé, tous vivant dans la communauté. Les groupes étaient comparables en ce qui concerne l’âge, le sexe, le nombre d’années de scolarité, le statut d’emploi et relationnel, et le revenu annuel. Les variables ciblant la sexualité, incluses dans cette thèse, étaient la qualité de vie sexuelle, le comportement sexuel à risque, et la sociosexualité (p. ex., les différences individuelles en ce qui concerne la volonté d’une personne à avoir des relations sexuelles sans engagement). Les variables neuropsychologiques et psychologiques incluaient les fonctions exécutives, la dépression et l’anxiété. Les aspects médicaux et physiques englobaient les symptômes postcommotionnels. Les facteurs relationnels comprenaient les attitudes envers l'infidélité. Les résultats démontrent que par rapport aux témoins en santé, les individus avec un TCC ont montré une diminution de la qualité de vie sexuelle, alors que les groupes étaient comparables sur le plan du comportement sexuel à risque, de la sociosexualité et des attitudes envers l'infidélité. Par ailleurs, les résultats ont montré une différence entre les hommes et les femmes sur le plan de la sociosexualité (p. ex., plus restrictive chez la femme). Chez les personnes ayant subi un TCC, une faible qualité de vie sexuelle était significativement associée à un nombre élevé de symptômes postcommotionnels, un comportement sexuel plus à risque corrélait avec une plus grande fréquence de symptômes dysexécutifs, et une plus faible acceptation de l'infidélité était liée à une sociosexualité moins restrictive. Les résultats de ces trois études soutiennent une perspective biopsychosociale de la sexualité après le TCC. Elles apportent des connaissances nouvelles en ce qui a trait aux domaines de la sexualité qui peuvent être touchés après un TCC, ainsi qu’à certaines variables neuropsychologiques et psychologiques, médicales et physiques, et relationnelles qui sont associées à ces changements. Les implications théoriques, ainsi que pour la pratique clinique et la réadaptation sont discutées. Les limitations des études sont présentées et des recommandations pour la recherche sont proposées. Le modèle biopsychosocial peut être utilisé comme une référence pour guider la recherche future dans ce domaine. D’autres études sur la sexualité et le développement d'interventions multidisciplinaires dans ce domaine pour les personnes TCC sont nécessaires.

The art of being together: a social constructionist perspective on dialogic methods in the organizational context

The purpose of this project is to understand, under a social constructionist approach, what are the meanings that external facilitators and organizational members (sponsors) working with dialogic methods place on themselves and their work. Dialogic methods, with the objective of engaging groups in flows of conversations to envisage and co-create their own future, are growing fast within organizations as a means to achieve collective change. Sharing constructionist ideas about the possibility of multiple realities and language as constitutive of such realities, dialogue has turned into a promising way for transformation, especially in a macro context of constant change and increasing complexity, where traditional structures, relationships and forms of work are questioned. Research on the topic has mostly focused on specific methods or applications, with few attempts to study it in a broader sense. Also, despite the fact that dialogic methods work on the assumption that realities are socially constructed, few studies approach the topic from a social constructionist perspective, as a research methodology per se. Thus, while most existing research aims at explaining whether or how particular methods meet particular results, my intention is to explore the meanings sustaining these new forms of organizational practice. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 people working with dialogic methods: 11 facilitators and 14 sponsors, from 8 different organizations in Brazil. Firstly, the research findings indicate several contextual elements that seem to sustain the choices for dialogic methods. Within this context, there does not seem to be a clear or specific demand for dialogic methods, but a set of different motivations, objectives and focuses, bringing about several contrasts in the way participants name, describe and explain their experiences with such methods, including tensions on power relations, knowledge creation, identity and communication. Secondly, some central ideas or images were identified within such contrasts, pointing at both directions: dialogic methods as opportunities for the creation of new organizational realities (with images of a ‘door’ or a ‘flow’, for instance, which suggest that dialogic methods may open up the access to other perspectives and the creation of new realities); and dialogic methods as new instrumental mechanisms that seem to reproduce the traditional and non-dialogical forms of work and relationship. The individualistic tradition and its tendency for rational schematism - pointed out by social constructionist scholars as strong traditions in our Western Culture - could be observed in some participants’ accounts with the image of dialogic methods as a ‘gym’, for instance, in which dialogical – and idealized –‘abilities’ could be taught and trained, turning dialogue into a tool, rather than a means for transformation. As a conclusion, I discuss what the implications of such taken-for-granted assumptions may be, and offer some insights into dialogue (and dialogic methods) as ‘the art of being together’.

Genetic polymorphisms related to meat traits in purebred and crossbred Nelore cattle

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do efeito das concentrações de sacarose e dos estádios de desenvolvimento do fruto no cultivo in vitro de embriões de frutos de cafeeiro

A cultura in vitro é uma técnica controlada que proporciona estudar os processos nutricionais, fisiológicos e bioquímicos de embriões em vários estádios de desenvolvimento. O objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre estádio de desenvolvimento do fruto e concentração de sacarose, no meio, durante o desenvolvimento, in vitro, de embriões de cafeeiro. Frutos de Coffea arabica cv. Acaiá foram colhidos, lavados, desinfestados, seus embriões excisados e inoculados em meio de cultivo MS, com pH ajustado para 5,8. Os tratamentos consistiram em combinação de concentrações de sacarose (0, 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 g L-1) e estádios de desenvolvimento do fruto (chumbinho, chumbo, verde, verde-cana, cereja e passa). Após a inoculação, os embriões foram incubados em sala de crescimento, a 27 ± 1 ºC, fotoperíodo de 16 horas e 35 µ mol m-2 s-1 de intensidade luminosa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6 x 6, com seis repetições constituídas por quatro tubos cada. Após 60 dias de desenvolvimento, as plântulas foram avaliadas com base no comprimento da parte aérea, massa de matéria fresca total da parte aérea e das raízes. Observaram-se influências das concentrações de sacarose e dos estádios de desenvolvimento do fruto no crescimento e desenvolvimento das plântulas. Resultados satisfatórios para todas as variáveis estudadas foram obtidos com embriões excisados no estádio verde, inoculados em meio de cultivo suplementado com 51 a 70 g L-1 de sacarose.

Carbon dioxide emission related to chemical properties of a tropical bare soil

In this work the relationship between CO2 emissions and the soil properties of a tropical Brazilian bare soil was investigated. Carbon dioxide emissions were measured on three different days at different soil temperature and the soil moisture conditions, and the soil properties were investigated at the same points that emissions were measured. The soil CO2 emissions were correlated to carbon content, cation exchange capacity and free iron content at the 65 points studied in an area of 100 x 100 m located in southern Brazil. (C) 2000 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Francisco Brennand: aspectos da construção de uma obra em escultura cerâmica

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

As relações no processo de montagem cinematográfica entre os filmes Um homem com uma câmera e Koyaanisqatsi

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

Manejo de stress, coping e resiliência em motoristas de ônibus urbano

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC