The role of B-mode ultrasonography in the musculoskeletal anatomical evaluation of the cervical region of the dog spine

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sensory innervation of the dorsal longitudinal ligament and the meninges in the lumbar spine of the dog

Although intervertebral disc herniation is a well-known disease in dogs, pain management for this condition has remained a challenge. The goal of the present study is to address the lack of information regarding the innervation of anatomical structures within the canine vertebral canal. Immunolabeling was performed with antibodies against protein gene product 9.5, Tuj-1 (neuron-specific class III β-tubulin), calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuropeptide Y in combination with the lectin from Lycopersicon esculentum as a marker for blood vessels. Staining was indicative of both sensory and sympathetic fibers. Innervation density was the highest in lateral areas, intermediate in dorsal areas, and the lowest in ventral areas. In the dorsal longitudinal ligament (DLL), the highest innervation density was observed in the lateral regions. Innervation was lower at mid-vertebral levels than at intervertebral levels. The presence of sensory and sympathetic fibers in the canine dura and DLL suggests that pain may originate from both these structures. Due to these regional differences in sensory innervation patterns, trauma to intervertebral DLL and lateral dura is expected to be particularly painful. The results ought to provide a better basis for the assessment of medicinal and surgical procedures.

Spatial Distribution of Stem Cell-Like Keratinocytes in Dissected Compound Hair Follicles of the Dog

Hair cycle disturbances are common in dogs and comparable to some alopecic disorders in humans. A normal hair cycle is maintained by follicular stem cells which are predominately found in an area known as the bulge. Due to similar morphological characteristics of the bulge area in humans and dogs, the shared particularity of compound hair follicles as well as similarities in follicular biomarker expression, the dog is a promising model to study human hair cycle and stem cell disorders. To gain insight into the spatial distribution of follicular keratinocytes with stem cell potential in canine compound follicles, we microdissected hair follicles in anagen and telogen from skin samples of freshly euthanized dogs. The keratinocytes isolated from different locations were investigated for their colony forming efficiency, growth and differentiation potential as well as clonal growth. Our results indicate that i) compound and single hair follicles exhibit a comparable spatial distribution pattern with respect to cells with high growth potential and stem cell-like characteristics, ii) the lower isthmus (comprising the bulge) harbors most cells with high growth potential in both, the anagen and the telogen hair cycle stage, iii) unlike in other species, colonies with highest growth potential are rather small with an irregular perimeter and iv) the keratinocytes derived from the bulbar region exhibit characteristics of actively dividing transit amplifying cells. Our results now provide the basis to conduct comparative studies of normal dogs and those with hair cycle disorders with the possibility to extend relevant findings to human patients.

The forayers : or, The raid of the dog-days /

Mode of access: Internet.

The forayers; or, The raid of the dog-days./

First edition, 1855.

Hobday's Surgical diseases of the dog and cat.

Mode of access: Internet.

Care of the dog; a presentation on practical and scientific bases, of the care, housing, feeding, grooming, health and general management of the dog, particularly for the layman dog owner.

Cover title: Dog care & keeping.

Breeding and genetics of the dog.

Mode of access: Internet.

Training the dog; a presentation of the mentality of the dog with instructions suitable for training all breeds for all purposes, including also field and outdoor work.

Mode of access: Internet.

Training your dog; a presentation of the mentality of the dog with instructions suitable for training all breeds for all purposes, including also field and outdoor work.

Mode of access: Internet.

Training your dog; a presentation of the mentality of the dog, with instructions suitable for training all breeds for all purposes, including also field and outdoor work,

Mode of access: Internet.

The encyclopaedia of the kennel : a complete manual of the dog, its varieties, physiology, breeding, training, exhibition and management, with articles on the designing of kennels /

Mode of access: Internet.

Guide to the dissection of the dog.

"Third edition, reprinted 1955, 1958, 1962."

Operative surgery of the dog,

Mode of access: Internet.

Diseases of the dog, and aids to treatment and management,

Mode of access: Internet.