Thomas Koschat, Brustbild - Liedanfang in Text und Noten: Verlassen verlassen; verlassen bin i!

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F05009

Samuel Hassel als Aschemann, Rollenbild, in: Ferdinand Raimund: Der Bauer als Millionär, nebst Liedauszug in Text und Noten

Signatur des Originals: S 36/G03140

Tackling redundancy in text summarization through different levels of language analysis

One of the main challenges to be addressed in text summarization concerns the detection of redundant information. This paper presents a detailed analysis of three methods for achieving such goal. The proposed methods rely on different levels of language analysis: lexical, syntactic and semantic. Moreover, they are also analyzed for detecting relevance in texts. The results show that semantic-based methods are able to detect up to 90% of redundancy, compared to only the 19% of lexical-based ones. This is also reflected in the quality of the generated summaries, obtaining better summaries when employing syntactic- or semantic-based approaches to remove redundancy.

Detecting implicit expressions of affect in text using EmotiNet and its extensions

In the past years, an important volume of research in Natural Language Processing has concentrated on the development of automatic systems to deal with affect in text. The different approaches considered dealt mostly with explicit expressions of emotion, at word level. Nevertheless, expressions of emotion are often implicit, inferrable from situations that have an affective meaning. Dealing with this phenomenon requires automatic systems to have “knowledge” on the situation, and the concepts it describes and their interaction, to be able to “judge” it, in the same manner as a person would. This necessity motivated us to develop the EmotiNet knowledge base — a resource for the detection of emotion from text based on commonsense knowledge on concepts, their interaction and their affective consequence. In this article, we briefly present the process undergone to build EmotiNet and subsequently propose methods to extend the knowledge it contains. We further on analyse the performance of implicit affect detection using this resource. We compare the results obtained with EmotiNet to the use of alternative methods for affect detection. Following the evaluations, we conclude that the structure and content of EmotiNet are appropriate to address the automatic treatment of implicitly expressed affect, that the knowledge it contains can be easily extended and that overall, methods employing EmotiNet obtain better results than traditional emotion detection approaches.

Richard Wagners Opern : in Text, Musik und Szene /

Mode of access: Internet.

Cohesion in text differentiation : a study of English and Arabic

This thesis sets out to investigate the role of cohesion in the organisation and processing of three text types in English and Arabic. In other words, it attempts to shed some light on the descriptive and explanatory power of cohesion in different text typologies. To this effect, three text types, namely, literary fictional narrative, newspaper editorial and science were analysed to ascertain the intra- and inter-sentential trends in textual cohesion characteristic of each text type in each language. In addition, two small scale experiments which aimed at exploring the facilitatory effect of one cohesive device (i.e. lexical repetition) on the comprehension of three English text types by Arab learners were carried out. The first experiment examined this effect in an English science text; the second covered three English text types, i.e. fictional narrative, culturally-oriented and science. Some interesting and significant results have emerged from the textual analysis and the pilot studies. Most importantly, each text type tends to utilize the cohesive trends that are compatible with its readership, reader knowledge, reading style and pedagogical purpose. Whereas fictional narratives largely cohere through pronominal co-reference, editorials and science texts derive much cohesion from lexical repetition. As for cross-language differences English opts for economy in the use of cohesive devices, while Arabic largely coheres through the redundant effect created by the high frequency of most of those devices. Thus, cohesion is proved to be a variable rather than a homogeneous phenomenon which is dictated by text type among other factors. The results of the experiments suggest that lexical repetition does facilitate the comprehension of English texts by Arab learners. Fictional narratives are found to be easier to process and understand than expository texts. Consequently, cohesion can assist in the processing of text as it can in its creation.

The Involvement of Institute for Information Technologies in Text Processing

The activities of the Institute of Information Technologies in the area of automatic text processing are outlined. Major problems related to different steps of processing are pointed out together with the shortcomings of the existing solutions.

A rule-based approach to implicit emotion detection in text

Most research in the area of emotion detection in written text focused on detecting explicit expressions of emotions in text. In this paper, we present a rule-based pipeline approach for detecting implicit emotions in written text without emotion-bearing words based on the OCC Model. We have evaluated our approach on three different datasets with five emotion categories. Our results show that the proposed approach outperforms the lexicon matching method consistently across all the three datasets by a large margin of 17–30% in F-measure and gives competitive performance compared to a supervised classifier. In particular, when dealing with formal text which follows grammatical rules strictly, our approach gives an average F-measure of 82.7% on “Happy”, “Angry-Disgust” and “Sad”, even outperforming the supervised baseline by nearly 17% in F-measure. Our preliminary results show the feasibility of the approach for the task of implicit emotion detection in written text.

Sentiment-Topic Modelling in Text Mining

Peer reviewed

Sentiment-Topic Modelling in Text Mining

Peer reviewed

Sentiment-Topic Modelling in Text Mining

Peer reviewed

Detecting expressions of blame or praise in text

The growth of social networking platforms has drawn a lot of attentions to the need for social computing. Social computing utilises human insights for computational tasks as well as design of systems that support social behaviours and interactions. One of the key aspects of social computing is the ability to attribute responsibility such as blame or praise to social events. This ability helps an intelligent entity account and understand other intelligent entities’ social behaviours, and enriches both the social functionalities and cognitive aspects of intelligent agents. In this paper, we present an approach with a model for blame and praise detection in text. We build our model based on various theories of blame and include in our model features used by humans determining judgment such as moral agent causality, foreknowledge, intentionality and coercion. An annotated corpus has been created for the task of blame and praise detection from text. The experimental results show that while our model gives similar results compared to supervised classifiers on classifying text as blame, praise or others, it outperforms supervised classifiers on more finer-grained classification of determining the direction of blame and praise, i.e., self-blame, blame-others, self-praise or praise-others, despite not using labelled training data.

La représentation de la machine dans la trilogie d’anticipation scientifique d’Albert Robida : du texte à l’image et de l’image au texte

Cette thèse étudie la représentation de la machine chez Robida. La partie centrale de notre recherche s’intéresse à révéler ses significations et interroge sa mise en scène littéraire et visuelle dans chacun des romans de la trilogie d’anticipation scientifique la plus connue de l’auteur-illustrateur. La quête se transforme en un voyage continu entre le lisible et le visible, le dit et le non-dit, la description littéraire et l’imagination, la réalité et la fiction. Nous nous intéressons à l’évolution de la vision de Robida : dans Le Vingtième siècle, l’image de la machine bienfaisante, facilitant la vie de l’homme, économisant du temps et de l’argent, et contribuant largement à son bonheur et à son divertissement, à part quelques accidents très limités, se traduit par une complémentarité avantageuse entre le texte d’une part et les vignettes, les tableaux et les hors-textes se trouvant dans le récit, d’autre part. Celle-ci se transforme, dans La Guerre au vingtième siècle, en une inquiétude vis-à-vis de l’instrumentalisation de la machine pour la guerre, qui s’exprime par une projection de la narration vers l’illustration in-texte, et sensibilise le lecteur en montrant le caractère violent et offensif d’appareils uniquement nommés. Celle-ci devient finalement, dans La Vie électrique, synonyme d’un pessimisme total quant à l’implication de la machine dans la société et à la puissance du savoir scientifique dans l’avenir, qui s’affiche dans des hors-textes sombres et maussades. Dans ce cadre, la machine illustrée exige une lecture iconotextuelle, une importance accordée au détail, aux éléments présents ou absents, aux modalités de passage d’un mode de présentation à l’autre, à la place anticipée ou tardive de l’illustration, au rapport entre le texte, le dessin et sa légende, aux mots qui migrent vers le dessin et surtout au reste du décor incomplet. Chez Robida, les louanges qui passent à la critique et l’humour qui se fait cynisme, sont assez représentatifs des espoirs et des craintes suscités par la découverte et la mise en application de l’électricité, par ses vertus, mais aussi par son aspect incontrôlable.

Illustrations of Shakespeare; comprised in two hundred and thirty vignette engravings,

Mode of access: Internet.