987 resultados para vascular bundle (plant)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to detect petroleum-derived spray oils (PDSOs) in citrus seedlings and trees. The NMR spectrum of the phantom containing 10% (v/v) of a nC24 agricultural mineral oil (AMO) showed the resonance of the water protons at delta = 5 ppm, while the resonance of the oil protons at delta = 1.3 to 1.7 ppm. The peak resolution and the chemical shift difference of more than 3.3 ppm between water and oil protons effectively differentiated water and the oil. Chemical shift selective imaging (CSSI) was performed to localize the AMO within the stems of Citrus trifoliata L. seedlings after the application of a 4% (v/v) spray. The chemical shift selective images of the oil were acquired by excitation at delta = 1.5 ppm by averaging over 400 transients in each phase-encoding step. Oil was mainly detected in the outer cortex of stems within 10 d of spray application; some oil was also observed in the inner vascular bundle and pith of the stems at this point. CSSI was also applied to investigate the persistence of oil deposits in sprayed mature Washington navel orange (Citrus x aurantium L.) trees in an orchard. The trees were treated with either fourteen 0.25%, fourteen 0.5%, four 1.75%, or single 7% sprays of a nC23 horticultural mineral oil (HMO) 12 to 16 months before examination of plant tissues by CSSI, and were still showing symptoms of chronic phytotoxicity largely manifested as reduced yield. The oil deposits were detected in stems of sprayed flushes and unsprayed flushes produced 4 to 5 months after the last spray was applied, suggesting a potential movement of the oil via phloem and a correlation of the persistence of oil deposit in plants and the phytotoxicity. The results demonstrate that MRI is an effective method to probe the uptake and localization of PDSOs and other xenobiotics in vivo in plants noninvasively and nondestructively.
Understanding the mechanisms of graft union formation in solanaceae plants using in vitro techniques
Understanding the mechanisms of graft union formation in solanaceae plants using in vitro techniques
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脂肪酸是生物体内普遍存在、具重要生理功能的物质,亦是重要的化工原料。研究脂肪酸生物合成及其调控,既是揭示生命活动基本规律的需要,又具巨大的经济价值。多形汉逊氏酵母(Hansenula polymorpha)是一种甲基嗜热酵母,能合成多聚不饱和脂肪酸,是研究脂肪酸生物合成的理想材料之一。为阐明多形汉逊氏酵母细胞中脂肪酸生物合成途径、关键步骤、调节机理,并利用此系统生产有用脂肪酸,我们开展了不饱和脂肪酸生物合成关键酶基因--△9-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因研究。 以P. angusta IFO 1475的P-OLE1基因为探针,Southern杂交分析,发现在亲缘关系很近的不同种类的甲基嗜热酵母如H. pofymorpha、Pichia angusta、P. pastoris、P. methanolica和Candida boMinii中Δ9-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的结构多形性。 构建了H. polymorpha CBS 1976染色体Δ9-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因座位的限制性酶切图谱,进而分离了3.4 kb BamHI-XhoI基因片段并进行全序列分析,结果表明这个片段含1个与已克隆的酵母Δ59-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因高度同源的、由1353 bp组成的ORF。推导的H-OLE1多肽具脂肪酸去饱和酶的一些基本特征,如含2个结构域:1个位于N一端、含3个保守的组氨酸簇、具催化功能,另1个位于C-端、参与脱饱和反应中电子传递、类似细胞色素b5。将这个序列申报DDBJ,获得Accession number为:AB024576,推导的蛋白的氨基酸序列的Accession number为:BAA75902。 为验证H-OLE1基因的功能,建立了多形汉逊氏酵母DNA电穿孔实验系统,进行了遗传互补测验。发现完整的H-OLE1基因可互补缺乏Δ59-脂肪酸去饱和酶活性的多形汉逊氏酵母营养缺陷型fadl突变体,却不能互补相应的酿酒酵母olel突变体,而由酿酒酵母GAP表达框架和H-OLE1 ORF组成的嵌合基因可互补上述olel突变体。说明H-OLE1基因编码Δ9-脂肪酸去饱和酶,多形汉逊氏酵母的Δ9-脂肪酸去饱和酶和酿酒酵母的脂肪酸脱饱和系统相亲和,而H-OLE1基因的启动子在异源细胞中没有活性。 为研究H-OLE1基因的转录及其调节规律,通过一系列实验,首次找到了可在研究多形汉逊氏酵母基因表达时用作内标的GAP基因。Northern杂交发现,H-OLE1基因在细胞中以较低水平表达,产生1.5 kb的转录子;基因表达略受不饱和脂肪酸的抑制;在多形汉逊氏酵母HOLE1基因的转录调节中,Choi等在酿酒酵母OLE1基因中发现的脂肪酸调节元件FAR可能不是关键的。 利用基因敲除技术,通过转化H-OLE1∷S-LEU2线性DNA到多形汉逊氏酵母二倍体细胞(fadl/FADl)中,首次构建了多形汉逊氏酵母H-OLE1基因的破坏株。遗传学和分子生物学研究表明,破坏株细胞中线性DNA定位串联多拷贝整合到染色体中并置换了fadl突变部位。利用气相色谱分析了ΔH-OLE1破坏株、fadl-2突变株、野生型菌株及含H-OLE1基因转化子的细胞总脂肪酸,发现多形汉逊氏酵母细胞中除18:0→18:1(Δ9)→18:2(Δ9,12)→18:3(Δ9,12,15)这个脂肪酸去饱和主路外,还可能存在其它几个脱饱和反应与延长反应,如16:1(Δ9)→16:2(Δ9,12)→18:2(Δ11,14);16:1(Δ9)→18:1(Δ11)→18:2(Δ11,15)等。 近年维管组织分化研究进展迅速,取得大量可喜结果,也存在许多不足,如细胞分化调节机理,特别是激素诱导的分子机理研究比较薄弱。为建立研究维管组织分化的理想系统,研究嫁接体发育的激素调节机制,在Parkinson和Yeoman发明的离体茎段嫁接系统的基础上,研究了激素对嫁接体发育特别是维管组织分化的影响。 采用不同的嫁接方法,用试管苗对黄瓜离体茎段自体嫁接、亲和性的黄瓜/黑籽南瓜与不亲和性的黄瓜/绿豆离体茎段嫁接组合进行研究,建立了嫁接过程简单、污染率低的试管苗离体茎段嫁接系统。利用往培养基中添加或不加植物激素研究嫁接体发育,发现通过改变培养基中的植物激素,可使亲和的嫁接体难以形成贯通砧木和接穗的维管束桥,也可诱导非亲和性的嫁接体产生维管束桥。初步研究证明利用植物激素可以克服嫁接不亲和性,这一结果是嫁接基础理论研究的一个重要进展,对揭示嫁接亲和性机制具重要意义。由于黄瓜绿豆嫁接组合中,砧木绿豆是可以固氮的豆科植物,研究结果具有潜在的应用前景。 详细地研究了外源IAA和玉米素(ZT)对黄瓜自体嫁接系统中维管束桥形成时间和数目特别是贯通砧木和接穗的管状分子数的影响。当砧木和接穗培养基中都没有添加植物激素时,嫁接接合部难以产生维管束桥,也难以产生贯通的管状分子。当培养基中添加植物激素时,维管束桥数和贯通的管状分子数随激素浓度和种类的不同而不同。本实验的最佳激素条件是:在接穗培养基中加IAA 1.0 mg/L和ZT 0.25 mg/L,在砧木培养基中加ZT 0.25 mg/L。研究表明在试管苗离体茎段自体嫁接系统中,外源激素是嫁接成功的必要条件。试管苗离体茎段嫁接系统是一个理想的研究植物维管组织分化的新系统。 通过对嫁接体发育期接合部及嫁接体各部分IAA、玉米素及玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)的ELISA分析,发现嫁接接合部维管束的再生受IAA和Z+ZR含量的共同调节;连接接穗和砧木维管束桥的分化比维管束的网联要求更高的IAA水平及LAA(Z+ZR)比率。 上述结果为利用嫁接系统研究维管组织分化机理奠定了基础,使进一步研究嫁接体发育的激素调节机理成为可能。
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O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de descrever morfologicamente os frutos, sementes e plântulas de castanheira. Foi feita a biometria dos frutos e das sementes e sua caracterização quanto à forma, por meio de mensurações com paquímetro e observações realizadas em estereomicroscópio com câmara clara. Os frutos de castanheira são carnosos, indeiscentes, do tipo nucóide, glabros, de coloração verde a vinácea, projeção das nervuras carpelares externamente evidentes, com epicarpo delgado, mesocarpo carnoso e esponjoso de coloração vinácea, com feixes vasculares conspícuos em corte transversal. Geralmente, cada fruto contém apenas uma semente. As sementes são exalbuminosas, de formas alongadas e cilíndricas, recobertas por endocarpo rígido de coloração marrom; possuem cerca de 2,5cm, 0,7cm e 0,7cm, de comprimento, largura e espessura, respectivamente. A germinação das sementes de castanheira é epígea, e a plantula é fanerocotiledonar.
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This work relates the occurrence and distribution of collenchyma in Panicum maximum Jacq. P. maximum leaves were collected at different phases of development and sampled from both the base of the sheath and from the sheath-leaf blade transition area. For the stems, the study was made by using hand-cut sections of the internodal base. In the leaves, analyses of serial sections showed, at the base and sheath-leaf blade transition area, a sudden change of tissue at vascular bundle. The vascular bundles are surrounded by sclerenchyma, both in the sheath and the leaf blade, as well as by fibrous threads that occur on the adaxial side of the central bundles. However, at the base of the sheath and at the sheath-leaf blade transition area, sclerenchyma was substituted for collenchyma. In the stem, the substitution of sclerenchyma associated with vascular bundles for collenchyma occurs at the base of the internode, in the pulvinus region. The analyses from transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of lamellated cell wall and active protoplast in collenchyma cells.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar as características da anatomia foliar de Brachiaria decumbens (capim-braquiária) e Brachiaria plantaginea (capim-marmelada), em três estádios de desenvolvimento da planta, com a sensibilidade a herbicidas. A semeadura foi feita em vasos plásticos, contendo solo, mantidos em casa de vegetação. Foi amostrada a porção mediana do limbo da terceira folha expandida, a partir da base do colmo, compreendendo três estádios de desenvolvimento da planta: estádio 1 (com 4-6 folhas), estádio 2 (com 3-4 perfilhos) e estádio 3 (plantas adultas no início do florescimento). Foram quantificados os seguintes descritores anatômicos das regiões da quilha (nervura central) e da asa (porção entre a nervura central e a margem do limbo): área da secção transversal; porcentagens de epiderme das faces adaxial e abaxial, esclerênquima, bainha do feixe vascular, feixe vascular e parênquima; espessura da folha; distância entre os feixes vasculares; comprimento do estômato; e número de estômatos e de tricomas (curtos e longos). Os valores obtidos foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos multivariados de Análise de Agrupamento e Análise dos Componentes Principais. Os descritores avaliados permitiram diferenciar o estádio 3 de desenvolvimento da planta em relação aos demais, o qual pode ser considerado o menos sensível à ação dos herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)