Electropolymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film on ITO glass and its application in photovoltaic device

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopliene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films have been electrochemically polymerized in situ on ITO glass substrate in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate electrolyte (BFEE). Cyclic voltammograms show good redox activity and stability of the PEDOT films. These films had been directly used to fabricate organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells with the structure of ITO/PEDOT/ZnO:MDMC-PPV/Al. The solar cells made of electrochemically polymerized films exhibit higher energy conversion efficiencies compared with that prepared by the spin-coating method, and the highest value is 0.33%. This in-situ electropolymerized method effectively simplifies fabricating procedures and may blaze a facile and economical route for producing high-efficiency solar cells.

A facile method for the synthesis of Au/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite

In this work, we have successfully synthesized Au nanoparticles (NPs) in situ in PEDOT:PSS deploying a room temperature atmospheric pressure microplasma. The size of the AuNPs is a function of the gold salt precursor concentration and the plasma processing time. The Au/polymer colloids after processing remain well dispersed over a prolonged period of time. Both gold salt concentration and the plasma processing time have influence on the electrical conductivity of the dried Au/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite films. An enhanced electrical conductivity of the Au/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite films has been attributed to (i) the interfacial ligand formation between the S atoms in PEDOT:PSS molecules and the Au surface and (ii) charge transfer from the AuNPs to the holes of PEDOT:PSS molecules.

Atmospheric Pressure DC Plasma Processing of TIO2/PEDOT:PSS Nanocomposites

In this work we demonstrate the synthesis of a TiO2/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite material in aqueous solution through atmospheric pressure direct current (DC) plasma processing at room temperature. The dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles is enhanced after microplasma processing, and TiO2/polymer hybrid nanoparticles with a distinct core shell structure have been obtained. We have observed increased TiO2/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite electrical conductivity due to microplasma processing. The improvement in nanocomposite properties is due to the enhanced dispersion and stability in liquid polymer of microplasma treated TiO2 nanoparticles. Both plasma induced surface charge and nanoparticle surface termination with specific plasma chemical species are thought to provide an enhanced barrier to nanoparticle agglomeration and promote nanoparticle-polymer bonding, which is expected to have a significant benefit in materials processing with inorganic nanoparticles for wide range of applications.

Enhanced Dispersion of TiO2 Nanoparticles in a TiO2/PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Nanocomposite via Plasma-Liquid Interactions

A facile method to synthesize a TiO2/PEDOT:PSS hybrid nanocomposite material in aqueous solution through direct current (DC) plasma processing at atmospheric pressure and room temperature has been demonstrated. The dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles is enhanced and TiO2/polymer hybrid nanoparticles with a distinct core shell structure have been obtained. Increased electrical conductivity was observed for the plasma treated TiO2/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite. The improvement in nanocomposite properties is due to the enhanced dispersion and stability in liquid polymer of microplasma treated TiO2 nanoparticles. Both plasma induced surface charge and nanoparticle surface termination with specific plasma chemical species are proposed to provide an enhanced barrier to nanoparticle agglomeration and promote nanoparticle-polymer binding.

PEDOT:PSS self-assembled films to methanol crossover reduction in Nafion (R) membranes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização e aplicação da Blenda PEDOT : PSS/PVA na construção de eletrodos transparentes e dispositivos eletroluminescentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Nanoindentazione di film sottili di PEDOT:PSS su substrato rigido

In questa tesi vengono presentati i risultati sperimentali di nanoindentazione su film sottili di PEDOT:PSS depositato su substrato rigido (vetro). Nella prima parte viene presentato lo sviluppo della teoria classica sul contatto meccanico tra due superfici elastiche, sviluppata per la prima volta da Hertz nella seconda metà dell'Ottocento. Nel Capitolo 2 si entra maggiormente nel dettaglio con la spiegazione del metodo sviluppato da Oliver e Pharr per misurare alcune proprietà meccaniche dei materiali tramite la tecnica della nanoindentazione utilizzata in questo esperimento. Particolare riguardo viene dato al modo in cui vengono misurate le quantità fisiche rilevanti, ovvero modulo di Young e durezza. Nel terzo capitolo vengono descritte brevemente la struttura del polimero PEDOT:PSS e la tecnica utilizzata per sintetizzarlo a partire dal suo monomero, l'EDOT. Nel Capitolo 4 una sezione è dedicata alla descrizione della preparazione dei campioni di PEDOT:PSS utilizzati in questo esperimento, quindi una parte è dedicata alla descrizione dello strumento di misura, mentre la restante parte del capitolo è riservata alla presentazione dei risultati sperimentali con l'aiuto di grafici e tabelle. Nella parte finale di questo lavoro si riportano alcune conclusioni sui risultati ottenuti.

PEDOT:PSS thin films: Applications in Bioelectronics

Owing to their capability of merging the properties of metals and conventional polymers, Conducting Polymers (CPs) are a unique class of carbon-based materials capable of conducting electrical current. A conjugated backbone is the hallmark of CPs, which can readily undergo reversible doping to different extents, thus achieving a wide range of electrical conductivities, while maintaining mechanical flexibility, transparency and high thermal stability. Thanks to these inherent versatility and attracting properties, from their discovery CPs have experienced incessant widespread in a great plethora of research fields, ranging from energy storage to healthcare, also encouraging the spring and growth of new scientific areas with highly innovative content. Nowadays, Bioelectronics stands out as one of the most promising research fields, dealing with the mutual interplay between biology and electronics. Among CPs, the polyelectrolyte complex poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), especially in the form of thin films, has been emphasized as ideal platform for bioelectronic applications. Indeed, in the last two decades PEDOT:PSS has played a key role in the sensing of bioanalytes and living cells interfacing and monitoring. In the present work, development and characterization of two kinds of PEDOT:PSS-based devices for applications in Bioelectronics are discussed in detail. In particular, a low-cost amperometric sensor for the selective detection of Dopamine in a ternary mixture was optimized, taking advantage of the electrocatalytic and antifouling properties that render PEDOT:PSS thin films appealing tools for electrochemical sensing of bioanalytes. Moreover, the potentialities of this material to interact with live cells were explored through the fabrication of a microfluidic trapping device for electrical monitoring of 3D spheroids using an impedance-based approach.

Desenvolvimento de dispositivos eletrônico-orgânicos e sua aplicação como sensores em meio aquoso

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Electrochromic, magnetotransport and AC transport properties of vapor phase polymerized PEDOT(VPP PEDOT)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thiophene (PEDOT) doped with tosylate ion (PEDOT-tosylate or VPP PEDOT) was synthesized by vapor phase polymerization (VPP) technique on glass as well as on glass/ITO and the electrochromic properties were investigated. Compared with that of PEDOT-PSS spin-coated on glass/ITO, the studies showed that VPP PEDOT has a lower work function and better electrochromic properties. The magneto and AC transport properties studies were done on VPP PEDOT coated on glass substrate. The system shows 2-dimensional variable range hopping and wave function shrinkage of charge carriers.

Bioelectronics meets nanomedicine for cardiovascular implants: PEDOT-based nanocoatings for tissue regeneration.

BACKGROUND: An exciting direction in nanomedicine would be to analyze how living cells respond to conducting polymers. Their application for tissue regeneration may advance the performance of drug eluting stents by addressing the delayed stent re-endothelialization and late stent thrombosis. METHODS: The suitability of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films for stents to promote cell adhesion and proliferation is tested in correlation with doping and physicochemical properties. PEDOT doped either with poly (styrenesulfonate) (PSS) or tosylate anion (TOS) was used for films' fabrication by spin coating and vapor phase polymerization respectively. PEGylation of PEDOT: TOS for reduced immunogenicity and biofunctionalization of PEDOT: PSS with RGD peptides for induced cell proliferation was further applied. Atomic Force Microscopy and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry were implemented for nanotopographical, structural, optical and conductivity measurements in parallel with wettability and protein adsorption studies. Direct and extract testing of cell viability and proliferation of L929 fibroblasts on PEDOT samples by MTT assay in line with SEM studies follow. RESULTS: All PEDOT thin films are cytocompatible and promote human serum albumin adsorption. PEDOT:TOS films were found superior regarding cell adhesion as compared to controls. Their nanotopography and hydrophilicity are significant factors that influence cytocompatibility. PEGylation of PEDOT:TOS increases their conductivity and hydrophilicity with similar results on cell viability with bare PEDOT:TOS. The biofunctionalized PEDOT:PSS thin films show enhanced cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: The application of PEDOT polymers has evolved as a new perspective to advance stents. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, nanomedicine involving nanotools and novel nanomaterials merges with bioelectronics to stimulate tissue regeneration for cardiovascular implants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organic Bioelectronics - Novel Applications in Biomedicine.

Proprietà elettriche di cellule interagenti con matrici polimeriche biocompatibili

L'utilizzo di polimeri organici coniugati in dispositivi elettronici per applicazioni biologiche, grazie alle loro proprietà meccaniche ed elettriche, insieme alla loro biocompatibilità, è un campo di ricerca relativamente nuovo e in rapida espansione. In questo lavoro di tesi si utilizza la tecnica del Voltage Clamp in configurazione whole cell per caratterizzare le proprietà elettrofisiologiche della linea cellulare di glioblastoma multiforme (T98G) e per registrare le correnti ioniche di cellule adese su una matrice polimerica biocompatibile di poli(etilenediossitiofene)-poli(stirenesulfonato) (PEDOT:PSS). La tecnica consiste nel bloccare il potenziale di membrana al valore desiderato, secondo un preciso protocollo di stimolazione, misurando la corrente necessaria per mantenere costante il potenziale presente tra le due superfici della membrana cellulare. Nella prima parte del lavoro le cellule sono state perfuse con farmaci inibitori dei canali potassio, prima con il bloccante non specifico tetraetilammonio (TEA), e poi selettivamente tramite bloccanti specifici come iberiotossina e dendrotossina. Il 44% circa delle cellule ha evidenziato una significativa corrente residua riconducibile all'attività dei canali ionici voltaggio-dipendenti Kv1.2. Al contrario nelle cellule restanti questi canali non sono espressi. Successivamente, sempre utilizzando le T98G, si è analizzato come lo stato di ossido-riduzione del polimero coniugato PEDOT:PSS possa influenzare le correnti dei canali ionici di membrana; è emerso che il substrato di PEDOT:PSS ridotto provoca una diminuzione significativa della corrente registrata rispetto al substrato di controllo (petri in polistirene). Questi risultati sono stati confrontati con le curve di proliferazione delle cellule T98G coltivate per 24h, 48h e 72h sui diversi substrati considerati, evidenziando interessanti correlazioni nel caso del substrato PEDOT:PSS ridotto.

Stable organic photovoltaics using Ag thin film anodes

The interaction at the interface between a metal electrode and photoactive polymer is crucial for overall performance and stability of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In this article, we report a comparative study of the stability of thin film Ag and indium tin oxide (ITO) as electrodes when used in conjunction with an interfacial PEDOT:PSS layer for P3HT:PCBM blend OPV devices. XPS measurements were taken for Ag and ITO/PEDOT:PSS layered samples with different exposure times to ambient conditions (∼25 °C, ∼50% relative humidity) to investigate the migration of Ag and In into the PEDOT:PSS layer. The change in efficiency of OPVs with a longer exposure time and degree of migration is explained by the analysis of XPS results. We propose the mechanism behind the interactions occurring at the interfaces. The efficiency of the ITO electrode OPVs continuously decreased to below 10% of the initial efficiency. However, the Ag devices displayed a slower degradation and maintained 50% of the initial efficiency for the same period of time.

Pathway to high throughput, low cost indium-free transparent electrodes

A roll-to-roll compatible, high throughput process is reported for the production of highly conductive, transparent planar electrode comprising an interwoven network of silver nanowires and single walled carbon nanotubes imbedded into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The planar electrode has a sheet resistance of between 4 and 7 Ω □−1 and a transmission of >86% between 800 and 400 nm with a figure of merit of between 344 and 400 Ω−1. The nanocomposite electrode is highly flexible and retains a low sheet resistance after bending at a radius of 5 mm for up to 500 times without loss. Organic photovoltaic devices containing the planar nanocomposite electrodes had efficiencies of ∼90% of control devices that used indium tin oxide as the transparent conducting electrode.