The Judicial ‘Bail Out’ of the European Stability Mechanism: Comment on the Pringle Case. Research Paper in Law 09/2013

Since the beginning of the crisis, many responses have been taken to stabilise the European markets. Pringle is the awaited judicial response of the European Court of Justice on the creation of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), a crisis-related intergovernmental international institution which provides financial assistance to Member States in distress in the Eurozone. The judgment adopts a welcome and satisfactory approach on the establishment of the ESM. This article examines the feasibility of the ESM under the Treaty rules and in light of the Pringle judgment. For the first time, the Court was called to appraise the use of the simplified revision procedure under article 48 TEU with the introduction of a new paragraph to article 136 TFEU as well as to interpret the no bail out clause under article 125 TFEU. The final result is rather positive as the Court endorses the establishment of a stability mechanism of the ESM-kind beyond a strict reading of the Treaty rules. Pringle is the first landmark ECJ decision in which the Court has endorsed the use of new and flexible measures to guarantee financial assistance between Member States. This judgment could act as a springboard for more economic, financial and, possibly, political interconnections between Member States.

The Romaunt of the Rose : rendered out of the French into English by Geoffrey Chaucer; and illustrated by Keith Henderson & Norman Wilkinson of Four Oaks.

Bound in gray cloth; stamped in gold and blind; top edges gilt.

Arbitration between Peru and Chile. The case of Peru in the matter of the controversy arising out of the question of the Pacific, before the President of the United States of America, arbitrator, under the protocol and supplementary act between the Republic of Chile, signed July 20, 1922, at Washington, D.C., ratified January 15, 1923.

Includes documents in Spanish and English.

Arbitration between Peru and Chile. The counter case of Peru in the matter of the controversy arising out of the question of the Pacific, before the President of the United States of America, arbitrator, under the protocol and supplementary act between the Republic of Peru and the Republic of Chile, signed July 20, 1922 at Washington, D.C. ratified January 15, 1923.

Binder's title: Peruvian-Chilean arbitration. Appendix to the counter case of Peru.

The Apocrypha, translated out of the Greek and Latin tongues, being the version set forth A.D. 1611 compared with the most ancient authorities and revised A.D. 1894 ...

Printed for the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments together with the Apocrypha : translated out of the original tongues, and with the former translations diligently compared and revised.

Stereotyped by B. & J. Collins, New York.

The spirit of prayer; or, The soul rising out of the vanity of time, into the riches of eternity. ...

Mode of access: Internet.

The latest illustrated polyglot family Bible containing the Old and New Testaments, together with the Apocrypha: translated out of the original tongues, and with the former translations diligently compared and revised. To which are appended a concordance, the Psalms of David in metre, selections from Bible lyrics, and also an illustrated Bible dictionary ...

New Testament has special t.-p.

Defensio Fidei nicænæ. A defense of the Nicene creed, out of the extant writings of the Catholick doctors, who flourished during the three first centuries of the Christian church; in which also is incidentally vindicated the Creed of Constantinople; concerning the Holy Ghost.

Translated from the Latin as found in Edward Burton's edition of the author's works, Oxford, 1827. Burton's notes are included. cf. Advertisement, v. 1, p. [iii]

Songs of the soul, gathered out of many lands and ages.

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St. Paul's first and second Epistles to the Corinthians, translated out of the original Greek: and with the former translations diligently compared and revised, by His Majesty's special command. Appointed to be read in churches.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Revelation of St. John the Divine : translated out of the original Greek; and with the former translations diligently compared and revised, by His Majesty's special command.

Mode of access: Internet.

Origins of the observed asymmetry in out-of-field dose from a linac fitted with an external micro-MLC

Objective Recently, Taylor et al. reported that use of the BrainLAB m3 microMLC, for stereotactic radiosurgery, results in a decreased out-of-field dose in the direction of leaf-motion compared to the outof- field dose measured in the direction orthogonal to leaf-motion [1]. It was recommended that, where possible, patients should be treated with their superior–inferior axes aligned with the microMLCs leafmotion direction, to minimise out-of-field doses [1]. This study aimed, therefore, to examine the causes of this asymmetry in outof- field dose and, in particular, to establish that a similar recommendation need not be made for radiotherapy treatments delivered by linear accelerators without external micro-collimation systems. Methods Monte Carlo simulations were used to study out-of-field dose from different linear accelerators (the Varian Clinacs 21iX and 600C and the Elekta Precise) with and without internal MLCs and external microMLCs [2]. Results Simulation results for the Varian Clinac 600C linear accelerator with BrainLAB m3 microMLC confirm Taylor et als [1] published experimental data. The out-of-field dose in the leaf motion direction is deposited by lower energy (more obliquely scattered) photons than the out-of-field dose in the orthogonal direction. Linear accelerators without microMLCs produce no asymmetry in out-offield dose. Conclusions The asymmetry in out-of-field dose previously measured by Taylor et al. [1] results from the shielding characteristics of the BrainLAB m3 microMLC device and is not produced by the linear accelerator to which it is attached.