Avaliação de machos suínos: sensibilidade ao resfriamento e capacidade de ligação espermática a um substrato sintético

O presente trabalho constou de três estudos. No primeiro estudo, cinco ejaculados de 30 machos foram analisados conforme a manutenção da MOT a 17ºC, sendo classificados em três tipos: MOT <60% nas 72h (EI); MOT ≥60% nas 72h e <60% nas 144h (EII) e MOT ≥60% nas 144h (EIII). Doze machos foram selecionados e distribuídos em três grupos: MAIOR, MÉDIA e MENOR sensibilidade espermática ao resfriamento. Em seguida, foram coletados cinco ejaculados de cada macho, sendo a MOT avaliada a cada 24h, e a integridade da membrana espermática (IM) e de acrossomas normais (NAR) nas 24, 72, 120 e 168h. Machos menos sensíveis ao resfriamento apresentaram menor variação na MOT do período pré- para o pós-seleção. Diferenças entre os machos foram observadas desde as 24 até 168h para MOT, nas 120 e 168h para MI e nas 72 e 168h para NAR. A MOT foi mais afetada que MI e NAR durante o armazenamento do sêmen in vitro. No estudo 2 foi avaliada a possibilidade de reverter a sensibilidade espermática ao resfriamento pela troca de plasma seminal (PS) entre machos com diferente manutenção da MOT a 17ºC. Foram utilizados ejaculados de cinco cachaços selecionados e classificados como: menor (MES) e maior sensibilidade ao resfriamento (MAS). Foram utilizados seis tratamentos, com cinco repetições cada. Nos tratamentos T1 e T3, o sêmen dos machos MES e MAS, respectivamente, foram processados de acordo com o protocolo convencional. Foi efetuada centrifugação (800g por 10 min) e adição do PS (10mL) homólogo para os espermatozóides MES e MAS, respectivamente, nos T2 e T4. Após a centrifugação, foi realizada a troca do PS, sendo que espermatozóides dos machos MES foram expostos ao PS dos machos MAS (T5) e o PS dos machos MES foi adicionado aos espermatozóides dos machos MAS (T6). A MOT foi avaliada a cada 24h, durante sete dias de conservação. NAR e de IM foram avaliados nas 24, 72, 120 e 168h. Diferenças na MOT, entre os machos MES (T1) e MAS (T3), foram observadas após armazenamento de 48h. Não foram observadas alterações em MOT e IM, quando foi efetuada a troca de PS entre os machos MES e MAS. Não foi possível reverter a maior sensibilidade ao resfriamento de espermatozóides suínos, após a ejaculação, com a adição de 10% do PS de machos com sêmen de menor sensibilidade. No terceiro estudo, foi avaliada a fertilidade de sêmen suíno pelo teste de ligação de espermatozóides a um substrato sintético. A MOT e o percentual de espermatozóides ligados (PEL) foram avaliados nas 5, 24, 48 e 72 horas de armazenamento a 17ºC. O PEL foi determinado em soluções contendo 6,25 ou 12,5 milhões de espermatozóides/mL, com ou sem albumina sérica bovina (BSA), preparadas a partir de dois a cinco ejaculados de cada um dos quatro machos. Houve correlação positiva (r=0,33) entre a MOT e o PEL. Os machos diferem quanto à capacidade de ligação de seus espermatozóides ao substrato sintético, a partir de 24 horas de armazenamento do sêmen. Maior percentual de espermatozóides ligados ao substrato sintético é verificado com a inclusão de BSA e com o aumento da concentração espermática.

Da revolução do gás não convencional nos EUA tendo como substrato uma interferência governamental persistente no estímulo a atividade econômica e no fomento as inovações tecnológicas afetas ao setor

O presente estudo versa sobre os fatores tecnológicos e ambientais que vêm resultando no crescimento da produção de gás natural não convencional nos EUA. Os objetos de analise principais serão as políticas públicas, assim como a dinâmica entre os atores sociais e o ambiente propício que fora criado para que houvesse o adensamento do fomento e do estímulo às inovações tecnológicas sucedidas no setor.

Revestimentos a base de Ta/Al2O3 produzidos por aspersão térmica sobre substrato metálico

Metal substrates were coated by thermal spraying plasma torch, they were positioned at a distance of 4 and 5 cm from the nozzle exit of the plasma jet. The starting materials were used for deposition of tantalum oxide powder and aluminium. These two materials were mixed and ground into high-energy mill, then immersed in the torch for the production of alumina coating infused with particles of tantalum with nano and micrometric size. The spraying equipment used is a plasma torch arc not transferred, which operating in the range of 250 A and 80 V, was able to produce enough heat to ignite aluminothermic between Ta2O5 and aluminum. Upon reaching the plasma jet, the mixing powders react with the heat of the blaze, which provides sufficient energy for melting aluminum particles. This energy is transferred through mechanisms of self-propagating to the oxide, beginning a reduction reaction, which then hits on the surface of the substrate and forms a coating on which a composite is formed by a junction metal - ceramic (Ta +Al2O3). The phases and quantification of each were obtained respectively by X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld method. Morphology by scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy EDS. It was also performed measurements of the substrate roughness, Vickers microhardness measurements in sprays and determination of the electron temperature of the plasma jet by optical emission spectroscopy EEO. The results confirmed the expectation generated around the end product of spraying the mixture Ta2O5 + Al, both in the formation of nano-sized particles and in their final form. The electron excitation temperature was consistent with the purpose of work, in addition, the thermodynamic temperature was efficient for the reduction process of Ta2O5. The electron excitation temperature showed values of 3000, 4500 and 8000 K for flows10, 20 and 30 l / min respectively, these values were taken at the nozzle exit of the plasma jet. The thermodynamic temperature around 1200 ° C, was effective in the reduction process of Ta2O5

Propagação de Camellia sinensis: efeito do genótipo, estaca, substrato, recipiente e ácido indolbutírico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fermentação alcoólica de substrato amiláceo e hidrolisado enriquecido com melaço de cana

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Híbridos experimentais de melão rendilhado cultivados em solo e substrato

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Couve-Flor Cultivada em Substrato: Marcha de Absorção de Macronutrientes e Micronutrientes

With the objective of evaluating the progress of absorption of macro and micronutrients in cauliflower cultivated in substrate, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, in Jaboticabal, Brazil. The experimental desing used was randomized blocks, with six treatments and five replicates. The treatments comprised times of sampling (20; 30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 days after the transplant). The composition and accumulation of the macro and micronutrients of the shoot and root were evaluated. The biggest demand of nutrient happened in the period of 60 to 70 (DAT) for macro and micronutrients. The decreasing order of the macronutrients accumulated by the cauliflower was K, N, S, P, Mg and Ca and for micronutrients Fe, Zn, B, Mn and Cu.

Temperatura e substrato para o teste de germinação de sementes de pinhão-manso

Official rules for seed analysis don't establish criteria to execute germination tests for all species. This way, the aim of this research was to determinate the substrate, temperature and counting time for the germination test of physic nut seeds. For the germination test, four replications of 20 seeds were used, evaluating daily the normal seedlings until the end of germination. Initially, the substrates with sowing in vermiculite, were evaluated in rolled paper towels, in sand and in soil using alternating temperature of 20-30 degrees C. The most favorable substrates for germination were evaluated with another stage, using constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 degrees C and alternating ones, of 15-35 degrees C, 20-35 degrees C and 20-30 degrees C. One concluded that the germination test of physic nut seeds must be performed with the alternating temperature of 20-30 degrees C in sand or paper towel and with final counting 10 days after sowing.

Curva de crescimento e acúmulo de matéria seca em couve-flor cultivada em substrato

Aiming to evaluate the curve of growth and dry matter accumulation in cauliflower cv. Verona in commercial substrate for vegetables Plantmax (R), an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments, five replicates, each plot had a plan. The treatments consisted of sampling times (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after transplantation). Evaluations of plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, leaf area, dry matter of shoot, root and whole plant, and fresh weight of the inflorescence. Furthermore, calculated the relative growth rate (RGR) of leaves, stems, roots, flowers and whole plant, presented in g day(-1) plant(-1). The hybrid of cauliflower 'Verona' shows initial slow growth, stepping up from 30 days after transplantation. The maximum accumulation of dry matter per plant was 87g at 70 DAT, with the participation of sheets of 53.8%, stem 9.9%, 30.7% of inflorescence and root 6.5%. The cultivation cauliflower Verona in substrate showed high accumulation of dry Inflorescence.

Temperatura e substrato para a germinação de sementes de Piptadenia moniliformis Benth.

In germination tests, substrate and ideal temperature are important for providing favorable conditions for the germination of seeds and the eventual development of seedlings. This research aimed at evaluating the effects of temperature and substrate on the germination of Piptadenia moniliformis Benth seeds. Two trials were done. In the first, seeds were submitted to germination under constant temperatures of 5 to 40 degrees C (increases of 5 degrees C) and alternated temperatures of 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 20-30, 25-35 and 20-35 degrees C on paper. In the second trial, temperatures of 25, 20-30 e 20-35 degrees C were used in the substrates on (OP) and between paper (BP), on (OS) and between sand (BS), on (0V) and between vermiculite (BV) and paper roll (PR). The following traits were evaluated: percentage of seeds with protrusion of primary root and normal seedlings; speed germination index; length of primary root and of the hypocotyls and the dry mass of seedlings. A completely randomized design was used with 14 treatments. In the first experiment and a factorial scheme of 7 x 3 (7 substrates and 3 temperatures) was used in the second with four replicates of 25 seeds each. In the first experiment the constant temperatures of 25 e 30 degrees C and the alternated of 20-30 e 20-35 degrees C provided best results for the germination of seeds. In the second, the temperature of 25 C associated with the substrates BP, BS and BV surpassed the other treatments proving adequate for carrying out the germination tests of Piptadenia moniliformis Benth seeds.

Efeito do sombreamento e do substrato sobre a germinação e o crescimento de plântulas de Acacia mangium e Acacia mearnsii

The speed and uniform germination of seeds, followed by the prompt seedling emergence, are highly desirable characteristics in seedling production. Studies aiming to enable the use of organic waste such as sewage sludge and pine bark in the supply chain represent a current demand. The aim of this study was to identify conditions of shading and substrate which are more favorable to the process of seed germination and seedling growth of Acacia mangium and Acacia mearnsii. After overcoming dormancy in hot water, the seeds were sown in three substrates: substrate plantmax commercial forest (control), pine bark and pine bark mixed with biosolids (1:1). The tubes were placed in a tree nursery under three shading conditions: 50%, 30% and 0% (full sun). The evaluated parameters were: speed and germination percentage (daily until 30 days) and shoot length of seedlings (weekly from 75 to 150 days). The experiment was a completely randomized design with treatments in a factorial 3 x 3 and the results were submitted to regression analysis. The highest germination was obtained in the sowing of Acacia mangium in pine bark at 30% shading and commercial substrate at 30 and 50% shading for Acacia mearnsii in pine bark under 50% shading or commercial substrate in full sun. For both species, seedlings grew faster and reached larger size in the final substrate of pine bark with biosolids and in any condition of shading (30 e 50 %) and full sun, anticipating the production of seedlings.

Vermiculita como substrato para o teste de germinação de sementes de ipê-amarelo

Vermiculite is a substrate used in seedling production of forest species and can be an option for the germination test of ipe seeds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of vermiculite in the germination test of Tabebuia chrysotricha seeds and to stablish appropriate particle size and moisture for this substrate. Four replications of 20 seeds were sown in soil, sand, paper rolls, and vermiculite with different particle sizes: micron (0.15-0.20 mm), superthin (0.21-0.30 mm), thin (0.30-0.50 mm) and medium (0.50-1.19 mm) moistened with water equivalent to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the weight of the dry subtrate. Germination test was carried out at 30 degrees C. The percentage of normal seedlings was obtained seven days after sowing (first count) and then weekly until 28 days, when abnormal seedlings and dead seeds were also counted. It was concluded that the germination test of ipe seeds can be carried out with thin or medium vermiculite moistened with water equivalent to 1.5 times the dry weight of the substrate. These treatments resulted in higher and faster germination (21 days).

Posição da semente na semeadura e tipo de substrato sobre a emergência e crescimento de plântulas de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake

Rapid and uniform germination of seeds followed by prompt emergence are highly desirable characteristics for the production of seedlings. The aim of this study was to identify sowing positions and types of substrate most likely to the seed germination process and growth of seedlings of Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake. To germinate the seeds, they were placed in the following positions in relation to the bottom of the furrow in the substrate: hilum uppermost, hilum at the bottom, supported on one side, seed on edge with its sides parallel to the walls of the bag. Three substrates were used: commercial plantmax substrate (control), pine sawdust and sand. The substrates were fully randomized in a 4 x 3 factorial design (four seed positions and three substrates), with four replications of 20 seeds. The parameters evaluated were: the percentage of emergence, the after emergence seedling deaths, the first-count test, the emergence speed index, and the seedling aerial part length. It was concluded that all the seed positions in pine sawdust sowing offer the more favorable conditions for the germination process and seedling growth of Schizolobium parahyba.

Emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de pimenta ornamental e celosia em substrato à base de composto de lodo de curtume

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento de substrato cerâmico BiNbO4 para antenas de microfita de sistemas de comunicações sem fio

The main purpose of this work was the development of ceramic dielectric substrates of bismuth niobate (BiNbO4) doped with vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), with high permittivity, used in the construction of microstrip patch antennas with applications in wireless communications systems. The high electrical permittivity of the ceramic substrate provided a reduction of the antenna dimensions. The numerical results obtained in the simulations and the measurements performed with the microstrip patch antennas showed good agreement. These antennas can be used in wireless communication systems in various frequency bands. Results were satisfactory for antennas operating at frequencies in the S band, in the range between 2.5 GHz and 3.0 GHz.