The Everyday Life in Public Health Research: a theoretical and methodological framework

The aim of this paper is to present some reflections on possibilities to investigate everyday life by examining ways of life, so as to broaden perspectives to the field of research in public health, in light of the fact that the study of daily ways of life involves the analysis of trajectories that contextualize routines, interactions and meanings of life. This allows the social researcher in the health field to have, based on a theoretical framework, a flexible methodology that offers mobility in the choice of the technique that best favors the understanding of the issue to be investigated. We have here, as a conceptual reference, the idea of everyday life investigated from interactive processes and contexts, as opposed to a categorial objectification between subject and object. In this context, from the theoretical reflection, we take, as the research's empirical reference, the waiting room of the outpatient clinic of the Osteoarticular Metabolism Department of a Health Care Unit in the city of Fortaleza/, Northeastern Brazil, in order to foster an interpretive understanding of the daily routine that involves the life and health situations of women with osteoporosis.

A comparison of pixel and object-based land cover classification. A case study of the Asmara region, Eritrea

In this paper we compare the performance of two image classification paradigms (object- and pixel-based) for creating a land cover map of Asmara, the capital of Eritrea and its surrounding areas using a Landsat ETM+ imagery acquired in January 2000. The image classification methods used were maximum likelihood for the pixel-based approach and Bhattacharyya distance for the object-oriented approach available in, respectively, ArcGIS and SPRING software packages. Advantages and limitations of both approaches are presented and discussed. Classifications outputs were assessed using overall accuracy and Kappa indices. Pixel- and object-based classification methods result in an overall accuracy of 78% and 85%, respectively. The Kappa coefficient for pixel- and object-based approaches was 0.74 and 0.82, respectively. Although pixel-based approach is the most commonly used method, assessment and visual interpretation of the results clearly reveal that the object-oriented approach has advantages for this specific case-study.

The Dissociation of Location and Object Working Memory using fMRI and MEG

Visual working memory (VWM) involves maintaining and processing visual information, often for the purpose of making immediate decisions. Neuroimaging experiments of VWM provide evidence in support of a neural system mainly involving a fronto-parietal neuronal network, but the role of specific brain areas is less clear. A proposal that has recently generated considerable debate suggests that a dissociation of object and location VWM occurs within the prefrontal cortex, in dorsal and ventral regions, respectively. However, re-examination of the relevant literature presents a more robust distribution suggestive of a general caudal-rostral dissociation from occipital and parietal structures, caudally, to prefrontal regions, rostrally, corresponding to location and object memory, respectively. The purpose of the present study was to identify a dissociation of location and object VWM across two imaging methods (magnetoencephalography, MEG, and functional magnetic imaging, fMRI). These two techniques provide complimentary results due the high temporal resolution of MEG and the high spatial resolution of fMRI. The use of identical location and object change detection tasks was employed across techniques and reported for the first time. Moreover, this study is the first to use matched stimulus displays across location and object VWM conditions. The results from these two imaging methods provided convergent evidence of a location and object VWM dissociation favoring a general caudal-rostral rather than the more common prefrontal dorsal-ventral view. Moreover, neural activity across techniques was correlated with behavioral performance for the first time and provided convergent results. This novel approach of combining imaging tools to study memory resulted in robust evidence suggesting a novel interpretation of location and object memory. Accordingly, this study presents a novel context within which to explore the neural substrates of WM across imaging techniques and populations.

Distinct neural correlates of visual long-term memory for spatial location and object identity: a positron emission tomography study in humans.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate by using positron emission tomography (PET) whether the cortical pathways that are involved in visual perception of spatial location and object identity are also differentially implicated in retrieval of these types of information from episodic long-term memory. Subjects studied a set of displays consisting of three unique representational line drawings arranged in different spatial configurations. Later, while undergoing PET scanning, subjects' memory for spatial location and identity of the objects in the displays was tested and compared to a perceptual baseline task involving the same displays. In comparison to the baseline task, each of the memory tasks activated both the dorsal and the ventral pathways in the right hemisphere but not to an equal extent. There was also activation of the right prefrontal cortex. When PET scans of the memory tasks were compared to each other, areas of activation were very circumscribed and restricted to the right hemisphere: For retrieval of object identity, the area was in the inferior temporal cortex in the region of the fusiform gyrus (area 37), whereas for retrieval of spatial location, it was in the inferior parietal lobule in the region of the supramarginal gyrus (area 40). Thus, our study shows that distinct neural pathways are activated during retrieval of information about spatial location and object identity from long-term memory.

A calm inquiry into all the objections made to the educational provisions of the factory bill, exhibiting the nature, tendency and object of the new principles by which the dissenting bodies stand opposed thereto.

Mode of access: Internet.

Six letteer of Publicola on the liberty of the subject and the privileges of the House of Commons.

Mode of access: Internet.

Older driver perception-reaction time for intersection sight distance and object detection.

"January 1995."

Subject and title index to short stories for children / compiled by a subcommittee, Julia F. Carter, chairman.

Mode of access: Internet.

Combined subject and author indexes to radiobiology bibliographies.

Supersedes indexes to TID-3097 and 3098.

Michigan bibliography. A partial catalogue of books, maps, manuscripts and miscellaneous materials relating to the resources, development and history of Michigan from earliest times to July 1, 1917; together with citation of libraries in which the materials may be consulted, and a complete analytical index by subject and author.

Lettered on cover: Michigan bibliography. Streeter ... Michigan historical publications, 1921.

Sketches from the subject and neighbour lands of Venice.

"Sequel to ... 'Architectural and historical sketches, chiefly Italian'."--Pref.

FDA drug bulletin April 1970 through October 1990 ; FDA medical bulletin March 1991 through June 1993 : index by subject and title.

Mode of access: Internet.

Object lessons. Things taught: systematic instruction in composition and object lessons.

Mode of access: Internet.

The United States catalog; books in print January 1, 1912. Entries under author, subject, and title, in one alphabet, with particulars of binding, price, date, and publisher.

"Number 3095."