Para onde caminha a ciência politica?

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the challenges to Political Sciences at the moment when many authors emphasize the usage of democratic paradigm as the only way to the rational building of speech in pluralist societies. At the end of one century of the consolidation of modern liberal thought, both in right and left versions (Wallerstein, 1995), the democracy as research tradition(Ball, 1987) fades away its ethical meaning, based upon equality and freedom, and lacks room for discussions about rules for implementing it. The analytical method seeks to historically rebuild the different levels of modern state-nation upbringing and the consolidation of competitive party democracy in the 20th century, which is the explanation key for the political organizational phenomenon of globalized societies. The result of this analysis opens new perspectives to Political Sciences advance in discussing the nature of democratic paradigm since it needs to face challenges to survive, such as: the fight against the structural violence of our society; the fight against despotism; and the adjustment to the meaning of the word freedom. The facing of the mentioned challenges may open explanation keys that will lead to a change in Political Sciences ways.

Os desafios dos/as profissionais da Psicologia diante do imperativo da quebra de sigilo nos casos de violência sexual intrafamiliar vivenciada por crianças

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Violência conjugal: materialização das ações profissionais na área da saúde

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Justiça do capital: violência estrutural nas relações de trabalho dos eletricitários em Minas Gerais

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Violência no futebol brasileiro: os discursos de torcedores organizados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Zonas Estratégicas e Estruturais para os Trânsitos Ilícitos (ZEETI): desafios à zona de paz na América do Sul

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Violência na escola pública?: o estudo de uma realidade no município de Franca-SP

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Youth criminality and urban social conflict in the city of Rosario, Argentina. Analysis and proposals for conflict transformation

The present article describes and analyses youth criminality in the city of Rosario, Argentina between the years 2003-2006. Key actors’ understandings of and responses to the conflict were investigated by means of semi-structured interviews, observations, discourse analysis of policy documents, analysis of secondary data, and draw heavily on the experience of the author, a citizen and youth worker of Rosario. The actors examined were the police, the local government, young delinquents and youth organisations. Youth criminality is analysed from a conflict transformation approach using conflict analysis tools. Whereas, the provincial police understand the issue as a delinquency problem, other actors perceive it as an expression of a wider urban social conflict between those that are “included” and those that are “excluded” and as one of the negative effects of globalisation processes. The results suggest that police responses addressing only direct violence are ineffective, even contributing to increased tensions and polarisation, whereas strategies addressing cultural and structural violence are more suitable for this type of social urban conflict. Finally, recommendations for local youth policy are proposed to facilitate participation and inclusion of youth and as a tool for peaceful conflict transformation.

A Fair Day's Wages: Liberty, Legality, and Liability Among Denver's Day Laborers

Day laborers occupy an essential position in Denver’s booming construction industry. Day laborers make up a highly flexible, highly effective workforce able to respond to market changes. For day laborers, informal day-labor gathering points provide increased control over working hours and employee-employer relationships when compared to traditional wage labor. Still, recent legislation and policies around irregular migration has forced large numbers of workers who may have benefited from the stability of full-time regular employment into the informal sector. The day laborers’ flexibility also exposes them to employers constantly inventing ways to deny them the wages and benefits they are owed. Despite changes in Colorado law in attempts to strengthen workers’ recourse against their employers, and despite social and individual tactics day laborers employ to mitigate their vulnerability, systematic structural, symbolic, and everyday violence continue to advantage employers.

Violencia estructural: una ilustración del concepto

El término violencia estructural es aplicable en aquellas situaciones en las que se produce un daño en la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas básicas (supervivencia, bienestar, identidad o libertad) como resultado de los procesos de estratificación social, es decir, sin necesidad de formas de violencia directa. El término violencia estructural remite a la existencia de un conflicto entre dos o más grupos de una sociedad (normalmente caracterizados en términos de género, etnia, clase, nacionalidad, edad u otros) en el que el reparto, acceso o posibilidad de uso de los recursos es resuelto sistemáticamente a favor de alguna de las partes y en perjuicio de las demás, debido a los mecanismos de estratificación social. La utilidad del término violencia estructural radica en el reconocimiento de la existencia de conflicto en el uso de los recursos materiales y sociales y, como tal, es útil para entender y relacionarlo con manifestaciones de violencia directa (cuando alguno de los grupos quiere cambiar o reforzar su posición en la situación conflictiva por la vía de la fuerza) o de violencia cultural (legitimizaciones de las otras dos formas de violencia, como, por ejemplo, el racismo, sexismo, clasismo o eurocentrismo).

Comunicación de masas y violencia estructural

Este trabajo conecta dos dimensiones de la violencia que están presentes en los estudios sobre Investigación para la Paz. A partir de la conocida clasificación de Galtung, en este ensayo abordamos dos tipos de violencia: la estructural (exclusión, desigualdad) y la cultural (o legitimación de la violencia). Del cruce entre tres ámbitos de exclusión comunicativa y los tres modelos que abordan la desigualdad en la comunicación, se obtienen las líneas de investigación que se proponen para el estudio de la desigualdad en el ámbito comunicativo. Es una reflexión teórica que atiende a las diferentes metodologías empleadas en el estudio del fenómeno comunicativo y que pueden ser productivas para el estudio de la desigualdad en el ámbito cultural.

Los niños de la calle, paradigma de exclusión, pobreza y violencia estructural

Según estimaciones de la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) más de cien millones de niños tienen en la calle su único hogar y medio de vida. En este artículo se pretende realizar una aproximación a esta situación que viene siendo, desde hace décadas, objeto prioritario de interés por parte de la teoría social. Tomando como ejemplo más que significativo el caso de los gamines colombianos, se hace un análisis de los distintos enfoques teóricos, tanto de los centrados en el entorno del individuo como en el entorno social, que se han aproximado al estudio de este preocupante fenómeno, paradigma, sin duda, de exclusión, pobreza y violencia estructural. A modo de conclusión, se aboga por una perspectiva integradora que supere los límites y deficiencias de las aproximaciones teóricas expuestas.

Tracing Hybrid Collectives of Illness, War, and Medicine in Twentieth- and Twenty-First Century Narratives of Illness

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Language and peace

This study seeks to demonstrate how critical discourse analysis can elucidate the relationship between language and peace. It provides a view on the notion of peace put forward by peace researchers, namely that peace includes not only the absence of war or physical violence, but also the absence of structural violence. Approaching the topic from various perspectives, the volume argues that language is a factor to be considered together with social and economic factors in any examination of the social conditions and institutions that prevent the achievement of a comprehensive peace. It illustrates a framework of concepts and methodologies that offer to help guide future linguistic research in this area, and also calls for foreign language, second language and peace educators to include critical linguistic education into their curricula and describes an approach for doing so.

Reckoning With Apartheid: The Conundrum of Working Through the Past, An Introduction

From April 26-29, 1994, South Africa held its first universal, democratic elections. Witnessed by the world, South Africans of all races waited patiently in line to cast their ballots, signaling the official and symbolic birth of the “new” South Africa. The subsequent years, marked initially with euphoric hopes for racial healing enabled by institutional processes such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), have instead, most recently, inspired deep concern about epidemic levels of HIV/AIDS, violent crime, state corruption, and unbridled market reforms directed at everything from property to bodies to babies. Now, seemingly beleaguered state officials deploy the mantra “TINA” (There Is No Alternative [to neoliberal development]) to fend off criticism of growing income and wealth disparities. To coincide, more or less, with the anniversary of 1994—less to commemorate than to signal something about the trajectory of the past twenty years—we are proposing an interdisciplinary, special theme section of Comparative Studies in South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East (CSSAAME) entitled “The Haunted Present: Reckoning After Apartheid” (tentative title). The special theme section is framed around questions of reckoning in the double sense of both a moral and practical accounting for historical injury alongside the challenges and failures of the no-longer “new” South Africa. Against accounts depicting the liberation era as non-violent and peaceable, more nuanced analysis we argue suggests not only that South Africa’s “revolution” was marked by both collective and individual violence—on the part of the state and the liberation movements—but that reckoning with the present demands of scholars, the media, and cultural commentators that they begin to grapple more fully with the dimensions and different figurations of South Africa’s violent colonial history. Indeed, violence and reckoning appear as two central forces in contemporary South African political, economic, and social life. In response, we are driven to pose the following questions: In the post-apartheid period, what forms of (individual, structural) violence have come to bear on South African life? How does this violence reckon with apartheid and its legacies? Does it in fact reckon with the past? How can we or should we think about violence as a response to the (failed?) reckoning of state initiatives like the TRC? What has enabled or enables aesthetic forms—literature, photography, plastic arts, and other modes of expressive culture—to respond to the difficulties of South Africa’s ongoing transition? What, in fact, would a practice or ethic of reckoning defined in the following way look like? ˈrekəniNG/ noun: • the action or process of calculating or estimating something: last year was not, by any reckoning, a particularly good one; the system of time reckoning in Babylon • a person’s view, opinion, or judgment: by ancient reckoning, bacteria are plants • archaic, a bill or account, or its settlement • the avenging or punishing of past mistakes or misdeeds: the fear of being brought to reckoning there will be a terrible reckoning (Oxford English Dictionary) Looking back on the period, just before 1994, is sobering indeed. At the time, many saw in the energies and courage of those fighting for liberation the possibilities of a post-racial, post-conflict society. Yet as much as the new was ushered in, old apartheid forms lingered. Recalling Nadine Gordimer’s invocation of Gramsci’s “morbid symptoms” more and more it seems “the old is dying and the new cannot be born” (Gramsci cited in Gordimer 1982). And even as the new began to emerge other forces—both internal and external to South Africa—redefined the conditions for transformation. The so-called “new” South Africa, as Jennifer Wenzel has argued, was really more than anything “the changing face of old oppressions” (Wenzel 2009:159). The implications for our special theme section of CSSAAME are many. We begin by exploring the gender, race, and class dimensions of contemporary South African life by way of its literatures, histories, and politics, its reversion to custom, the claims of ancestors on the living, in brief, the various cultural expressive modes in which contemporary South Africa reckons with its past and in so doing accounts, day by day, for the ways in which the present can be lived, pragmatically. This moves us some distance from the exercise in “truth and reconciliation” of the earlier post-transition years to consider more fully the nature of post-conflict, the suturing of old enmities in the present, and the ways of resolving those lingering suspicions both ordinary and the stuff of the dark night of the soul (Nelson 2009:xv).