Species diversity and seasonality of free-living ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) in the natural habitat of wild Marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) in Southeastern Brazil

This study evaluated the presence and seasonal activity of free-living ticks in remaining marsh areas by the Parana river, in Brazil. Eight field trips (once per season) for collection of ticks were performed during 2 years. Using CO2 traps, dragging, and visual inspection of vegetation, five free-living tick species were collected, in the following order of abundance: Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyom\ma dubitatum, Amblyomma triste, Amblyomma coelebs, and Amblyomma nodosum. The seasonal pattern of A. cajennense was characterized by the highest peaks for adult ticks in the summer/spring months, for nymphs in the winter and for larvae in the autumn and winter. A. dubitatum and A. triste presented similar seasonal patterns characterized by peaks of adult ticks in the autumn. Nymphs of A. dubitatum peaked in the winter of the first year and in the winter/spring of the second year. A. triste was the only species to be collected in significantly higher numbers in the marsh than in surrounding drier areas such as forest patches. Among domestic animals living close the marsh areas, horses were infested by Anocentor nitens, A. cajennense, and Boophilus microplus, bovines were infested solely by B. microplus, and dogs were infested by Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Adults of A. triste showed to be well adapted to the marsh environment. This result, at least partially, explains local previous observations on the association of A. triste with marsh deer, as this vertebrate host inhabits mainly the marsh area. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Natural History of the Lutz's Frog Cycloramphus lutzorum Heyer, 1983 (Anura: Cycloramphidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Description of the Advertisement Call, Tadpole, and Karyotype

We describe the advertisement call, tadpole, karyotype, and additional information on the natural history of Cycloramphus lutzorum from southern Brazil. Sonograms were generated from digitally recorded calls. Tadpoles were collected in the field for description in the lab, and an adult was collected for karyotyping. Data on seasonal activity were gathered monthly from November 2005 to November 2007. All tadpoles (N = 21), juveniles (N = 18), and adults (N = 52) were found exclusively in streams. Reproduction, as identified by calling frogs, occurred from July through November. Frogs call all day long, but mostly at dusk, from rock crevices inside the stream edges near the splash zone. The call is short and loud, with 11 pulsed notes, of 491-641 ms, with a dominant frequency of 0.98-1.39 kHz. We describe the exotrophic and semiterrestrial tadpoles, always found in constantly humid vertical rock walls in the stream. Tadpoles of C. lutzorum are recognized by differences in labial tooth row formula, eye diameter, body shape, position of nares, and development of tail. Like congeneric species, the karyotype of C. lutzorum comprises 26 metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. Cycloramphus lutzorum is restricted to and adapted for living in fast flowing streams, many of which are threatened by deforestation, pollution, and habitat loss. Therefore, we recommend the status of C. lutzorum be changed from its current "Data Deficient" to "Near Threatened (NT)" in the IUCN species red list.

Dados ecológicos da herpetofauna do Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Atividade sazonal e uso do ambiente por anfíbios da Mata Atlântica no alto da Serra do Mar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Impacto de la crisis internacional sobre nuevos sectores dinámicos de la economía regional : El turismo en la cuenca austral de la provincia de Santa Cruz

Trabajos anteriores derivados de esta línea investigativa permitieron analizar el sector Turismo como un nuevo componente de la dinámica productiva en la Provincia de Santa Cruz, la cual se basó históricamente en la explotación de recursos agotables y con características de enclave. Dichos estudios relevaron el crecimiento que ese sector ha experimentado a nivel mundial, en la Patagonia Austral y particularmente en la Comarca Austral de dicha provincia, al amparo de las condiciones macroeconómicas favorables de los últimos años. Al estudiarse la oferta local se pudo definir la estructura empresaria del sector y analizar el empleo turístico y su impacto en el mercado laboral. El presente trabajo destaca la importancia relativa del turismo en esta nueva reestructuración económica provincial, caracterizada por una mayor diversificación de las actividades productivas. Cuando se observa la demanda turística en el epicentro regional establecido en El Calafate, se aprecia el crecimiento explosivo producido. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de la crisis internacional de fines de 2008 impactan negativamente en el sector con un freno a dicho crecimiento, registrándose una disminución del turismo internacional y una profundización de la estacionalidad y relevando una oferta que muestra menores indicadores de ocupación y, por ende, una reducción en sus índices de rentabilidad. Dicho análisis pone en evidencia problemas emergentes del sector y del empleo producido por el mismo, con implicaciones sobre la estructura empresaria establecida y la calidad del empleo generado

Impacto de la crisis internacional sobre nuevos sectores dinámicos de la economía regional : El turismo en la cuenca austral de la provincia de Santa Cruz

Trabajos anteriores derivados de esta línea investigativa permitieron analizar el sector Turismo como un nuevo componente de la dinámica productiva en la Provincia de Santa Cruz, la cual se basó históricamente en la explotación de recursos agotables y con características de enclave. Dichos estudios relevaron el crecimiento que ese sector ha experimentado a nivel mundial, en la Patagonia Austral y particularmente en la Comarca Austral de dicha provincia, al amparo de las condiciones macroeconómicas favorables de los últimos años. Al estudiarse la oferta local se pudo definir la estructura empresaria del sector y analizar el empleo turístico y su impacto en el mercado laboral. El presente trabajo destaca la importancia relativa del turismo en esta nueva reestructuración económica provincial, caracterizada por una mayor diversificación de las actividades productivas. Cuando se observa la demanda turística en el epicentro regional establecido en El Calafate, se aprecia el crecimiento explosivo producido. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de la crisis internacional de fines de 2008 impactan negativamente en el sector con un freno a dicho crecimiento, registrándose una disminución del turismo internacional y una profundización de la estacionalidad y relevando una oferta que muestra menores indicadores de ocupación y, por ende, una reducción en sus índices de rentabilidad. Dicho análisis pone en evidencia problemas emergentes del sector y del empleo producido por el mismo, con implicaciones sobre la estructura empresaria establecida y la calidad del empleo generado

Impacto de la crisis internacional sobre nuevos sectores dinámicos de la economía regional : El turismo en la cuenca austral de la provincia de Santa Cruz

Trabajos anteriores derivados de esta línea investigativa permitieron analizar el sector Turismo como un nuevo componente de la dinámica productiva en la Provincia de Santa Cruz, la cual se basó históricamente en la explotación de recursos agotables y con características de enclave. Dichos estudios relevaron el crecimiento que ese sector ha experimentado a nivel mundial, en la Patagonia Austral y particularmente en la Comarca Austral de dicha provincia, al amparo de las condiciones macroeconómicas favorables de los últimos años. Al estudiarse la oferta local se pudo definir la estructura empresaria del sector y analizar el empleo turístico y su impacto en el mercado laboral. El presente trabajo destaca la importancia relativa del turismo en esta nueva reestructuración económica provincial, caracterizada por una mayor diversificación de las actividades productivas. Cuando se observa la demanda turística en el epicentro regional establecido en El Calafate, se aprecia el crecimiento explosivo producido. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de la crisis internacional de fines de 2008 impactan negativamente en el sector con un freno a dicho crecimiento, registrándose una disminución del turismo internacional y una profundización de la estacionalidad y relevando una oferta que muestra menores indicadores de ocupación y, por ende, una reducción en sus índices de rentabilidad. Dicho análisis pone en evidencia problemas emergentes del sector y del empleo producido por el mismo, con implicaciones sobre la estructura empresaria establecida y la calidad del empleo generado

Wpływ czynników środowiskowych na układ odpornościowy i wczesno-sezonową aktywność chrząszczy z rodzaju Nicrophorus (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

Wydział Biologii: Instytut Biologii Środowiska

Seasonal variation in the diurnal periodicity of activity of the perch, Perca fluviatilis L. [Translation from: Kalamies 1973(3) 3.]

The most common catch of the amateur angler is the perch and it is the diurnal periodicity of activity (& catchability) which is examined in this study based on earlier articles and manuscripts by the authors. Of all environmental factors, variation in light and temperature are the chief reasons in establishing the times of activity periods. Winter, summer and autumn activity was studied. The spawning perch was found to be more active than the non-spawning perch. The time of day in which the fish may be active is dependant on its ability to sense changes in the external environment. Its adaptation to light is the reason for day-activity in the winter, and also accounts for the fact that hardly any activity occurs between sunset and sunrise when this period exceeds 6 hours.

Seasonal variations in the activity budget of Nomascus concolor jingdongensis at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China: Effects of diet and temperature

We studied seasonal variation in the activity budget of a habituated group of Nomascus concolor jingdongensis at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China from March 2005 to April 2006 via scan sampling at 5-min intervals. The study site is near the northern extreme of the distribution of hylobatids, at high altitude with extreme seasonality of temperature and rainfall. During the day, feeding manifested a bimodal pattern of high activity levels in mid-morning and mid-afternoon, whereas resting reached a peak at midday, with proportionally less time used for traveling. Annually, the group spent an average of 40.0% of the time resting, 35.1% feeding, 19.9% traveling, 2.6% singing, 1.2% playing, and 1.3% in other activities. The proportion of time allocated to activities showed significant monthly variations and was influenced by the diet and temperature. Gibbons increased traveling and playing time and decreased feeding time when they ate more fruit, and they decreased traveling, singing, and playing time and increased feeding time when they ate more leaves. Moreover, when the temperature was low, the gibbons decreased time traveling and increased time resting. In summary, black-crested gibbons employed high-effort activities when they ate more fruit and energy-conservation patterns when they ate more leaves and in low temperature. Behavioral data from the site are particularly useful in understanding gibbon behavioral adaptations to different sets of ecological conditions.

Seasonal variation in kinetic parameters of alkaline phosphatase activity in a shallow Chinese freshwater lake (Donghu Lake)

Seasonal variation of the kinetic parameters of total alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was studied in a shallow Chinese freshwater lake (Donghu Lake). At the three experimental stations the values of V-max of APA were higher and the negative correlation between orthophosphate and the total APA specific activity (V-max/Chl.) was stronger during summer (from June to September) P depletion. At the same time, the values of Michaelis constant (K-m) of APA at the three stations decreased. Phytoplankton seem to compensate for their phosphorus deficiency not only by an increase in enzyme production but also by an improved ability to use low substrate concentrations. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

UV-sensitive P compounds: Release mechanism, seasonal fluctuation and inhibitory effects on alkaline phosphatase activity in a shallow Chinese freshwater lake (Donghu Lake)

Filtrable phosphorus compounds in a shallow Chinese freshwater lake (Donghu Lake) were fractionated by Sephadex G-25 gel-filtration chromatography. Some portions of those compounds released soluble reactive phosphorus upon irradiation with low dose ultraviolet light. Catalase and a hydroxyl radical scavenger (mannitol) markedly prevented photosensitive phosphorus release. The observed effects may be explained by the action of oxidizing reagents such as hydroxyl radicals, produced in photochemical reactions between UV irradiation and humic substances in the water. There was a strong seasonality in UV-sensitive P (UVSP) release. Michaels constants (K-m) of total alkaline phosphatase in the lake water showed a direct positive relation to UVSP. Plot of K-m against the UVSP/phosphomonoester ratio reveals a strong relationship between the two variables. These results suggest that in some situations UVSP may be a competitive inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase activity in the lake. The competitive inhibition of fractionated UVSP on alkaline phosphatase reagent (Sigma) apparently supports this hypothesis.

Seasonal variations in nitrate reductase activity and internal N pools in intertidal brown algae are correlated with ambient nitrate concentrations.

Nitrogen metabolism was examined in the intertidal seaweeds Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus, Fucus spiralis and Laminaria digitata in a temperate Irish sea lough. Internal NO3- storage, total N content and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) were most affected by ambient NO3-, with highest values in winter, when ambient NO3- was maximum, and declined with NO3- during summer. In all species, NRA was six times higher in winter than in summer, and was markedly higher in Fucus species (e.g. 256 ± 33 nmol NO3- min1 g1 in F. vesiculosus versus 55 ± 17 nmol NO3- min1 g1 in L. digitata). Temperature and light were less important factors for N metabolism, but influenced in situ photosynthesis and respiration rates. NO3- assimilating capacity (calculated from NRA) exceeded N demand (calculated from net photosynthesis rates and C : N ratios) by a factor of 0.7–50.0, yet seaweeds stored significant NO3- (up to 40–86 µmol g1). C : N ratio also increased with height in the intertidal zone (lowest in L. digitata and highest in F. spiralis), indicating that tidal emersion also significantly constrained N metabolism. These results suggest that, in contrast to the tight relationship between N and C metabolism in many microalgae, N and C metabolism could be uncoupled in marine macroalgae, which might be an important adaptation to the intertidal environment.