Who Earns More and Why? A Multiple Mediation Model from Personality to Salary

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate multiple indirect Big Five personality influences on professionals’ annual salary while considering relevant mediators. These are the motivational variables of occupational self-efficacy and career-advancement goals, and the work status variable of contractual work hours. The motivational and work status variables were conceptualized as serial mediators (Big Five → occupational self-efficacy/career-advancement goals → contractual work hours → annual salary). Design/Methodology/Approach We realized a 4 year longitudinal survey study with 432 participants and three points of measurement. We assessed personality prior to the mediators and the mediators prior to annual salary. Findings Results showed that except for openness the other Big Five personality traits exerted indirect influences on annual salary. Career-advancement goals mediated influences of conscientiousness (+), extraversion (+), and agreeableness (−). Occupational self-efficacy mediated influences of neuroticism (–) and conscientiousness (+). Because the influence of occupational self-efficacy on annual salary was fully mediated by contractual work hours, indirect personality influences via occupational self-efficacy always included contractual work hours in a serial mediation. Implications These findings underline the importance of distal personality traits for career success. They give further insights into direct and indirect relationships between personality, goal content, self-efficacy beliefs, and an individual’s career progress. Originality/Value Previous research predominantly investigated direct Big Five influences on salary, and it analyzed cross-sectional data. This study is one of the first to investigate multiple indirect Big Five influences on salary in a longitudinal design. The findings support process-oriented theories of personality influences on career outcomes.

Red Eléctrica de España uses integer programming for annual salary revisions

In this paper, we present a mixed-integer linear programming model for determining salary-revision matrices for an organization based on that organization?s general strategies. The solution obtained from this model consists of salary increases for each employee; these increases consider the employee?s professional performance, salary level relative to peers within the organization, and professional group. In addition to budget constraints, we modeled other elements typical of compensation systems, such as equity and justice. Red Eléctrica de España (REE), the transmission agent and operator of the Spanish electricity system, used the model to revise its 2010 and 2011 salary policies, and achieved results that were aligned with the company strategy. REE incorporated the model into the salary management module within its information system, and plans to continue to use the model in revisions of the module.

[Salary and Treasury calculations and accounts], 1801

Three leaves with handwritten calculations and account information related to faculty salaries, the assignments on delinquents, rents, and repairs. One leaf is inscribed "R. Hallowell Feb. 28 1801" and likely refers to Robert Hallowell (later Gardiner), a member of the Harvard Class of 1801.

[Yearly salary for 1783 and 1802 of President Willard, 1802]

One folio-sized leaf containing a handwritten list of Commencement fees and salaries received by President Willard between 1783 and 1802. The paper includes the struck-out inscription "Cushing."

[Salary of the minister of the first parish of Cambridge for 1792], undated

Small scrap of paper with a handwritten calculation of the January 1792 salary of an unidentified minister, presumably the minister of the first Parish of Cambridge based on lines for "Parsonage" and "Lexington farm fund."

Order for the salary of Judah Monis, 1725 October 21

Small slip of paper containing an order from President Benjamin Wadsworth to Treasurer Edward Hutchinson to pay Judah Monis's salary for half of one year.

Vote of the Corporation continuing the salary of the President up to the next commencement,

This folder contains two nineteenth-century handwritten copies of the vote.

Briefing materials on the direct control programs : price, wage, salary, rent /

"January 1953."

Salary setting policies in ARL libraries.

"September 1991."

Salary table.

Mode of access: Internet.

Salary trends in Metropolitan School Study Council schools, 1937-1957.

Mode of access: Internet.

... Survey report of the Salary standardization board.

Newton J. T. Bigelow, chairman, Philip E. Hagerty, director of research.

Retail price comparisons for international salary determination / Statistical Office of the United Nations.

"United Nations publication. Sales no.: 62. XVII.4."

Retail price comparisons for international salary determination /

"United Nations publication. Sales no. : 59.XVII.4."