25 resultados para renormalisation
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Quantum and global discord in a spin-1 Heisenberg chain subject to single-ion anisotropy (uniaxial field) are studied using exact diagonalisation and the density matrix renormalisation group (DMRG). We find that these measures of quantum non-classicality are able to detect the quantum phase transitions confining the symmetry protected Haldane phase and show critical scaling with universal exponents. Moreover, in the case of thermal states, we find that quantum discord can increase with increasing temperature.
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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
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Cette thèse porte sur le calcul de structures électroniques dans les solides. À l'aide de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de densité, puis de la théorie des perturbations à N-corps, on cherche à calculer la structure de bandes des matériaux de façon aussi précise et efficace que possible. Dans un premier temps, les développements théoriques ayant mené à la théorie de la fonctionnelle de densité (DFT), puis aux équations de Hedin sont présentés. On montre que l'approximation GW constitue une méthode pratique pour calculer la self-énergie, dont les résultats améliorent l'accord de la structure de bandes avec l'expérience par rapport aux calculs DFT. On analyse ensuite la performance des calculs GW dans différents oxydes transparents, soit le ZnO, le SnO2 et le SiO2. Une attention particulière est portée aux modèles de pôle de plasmon, qui permettent d'accélérer grandement les calculs GW en modélisant la matrice diélectrique inverse. Parmi les différents modèles de pôle de plasmon existants, celui de Godby et Needs s'avère être celui qui reproduit le plus fidèlement le calcul complet de la matrice diélectrique inverse dans les matériaux étudiés. La seconde partie de la thèse se concentre sur l'interaction entre les vibrations des atomes du réseau cristallin et les états électroniques. Il est d'abord montré comment le couplage électron-phonon affecte la structure de bandes à température finie et à température nulle, ce qu'on nomme la renormalisation du point zéro (ZPR). On applique ensuite la méthode GW au calcul du couplage électron-phonon dans le diamant. Le ZPR s'avère être fortement amplifié par rapport aux calculs DFT lorsque les corrections GW sont appliquées, améliorant l'accord avec les observations expérimentales.
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We study the period-doubling bifurcations to chaos in a logistic map with a nonlinearly modulated parameter and show that the bifurcation structure is modified significantly. Using the renormalisation method due to Derrida et al. we establish the universal behaviour of the system at the onset of chaos.
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It has become clear over the last few years that many deterministic dynamical systems described by simple but nonlinear equations with only a few variables can behave in an irregular or random fashion. This phenomenon, commonly called deterministic chaos, is essentially due to the fact that we cannot deal with infinitely precise numbers. In these systems trajectories emerging from nearby initial conditions diverge exponentially as time evolves)and therefore)any small error in the initial measurement spreads with time considerably, leading to unpredictable and chaotic behaviour The thesis work is mainly centered on the asymptotic behaviour of nonlinear and nonintegrable dissipative dynamical systems. It is found that completely deterministic nonlinear differential equations describing such systems can exhibit random or chaotic behaviour. Theoretical studies on this chaotic behaviour can enhance our understanding of various phenomena such as turbulence, nonlinear electronic circuits, erratic behaviour of heart and brain, fundamental molecular reactions involving DNA, meteorological phenomena, fluctuations in the cost of materials and so on. Chaos is studied mainly under two different approaches - the nature of the onset of chaos and the statistical description of the chaotic state.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The thermal dependence of the zero-bias conductance for the single electron transistor is the target of two independent renormalization-group approaches, both based on the spin-degenerate Anderson impurity model. The first approach, an analytical derivation, maps the Kondo-regime conductance onto the universal conductance function for the particle-hole symmetric model. Linear, the mapping is parametrized by the Kondo temperature and the charge in the Kondo cloud. The second approach, a numerical renormalization-group computation of the conductance as a function the temperature and applied gate voltages offers a comprehensive view of zero-bias charge transport through the device. The first approach is exact in the Kondo regime; the second, essentially exact throughout the parametric space of the model. For illustrative purposes, conductance curves resulting from the two approaches are compared.
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We describe an extension to the SOFTSUSY program that provides for the calculation of the sparticle spectrum in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), where a chiral superfield that is a singlet of the Standard Model gauge group is added to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) fields. Often, a Z3 symmetry is imposed upon the model. SOFTSUSY can calculate the spectrum in this case as well as the case where general Z3 violating (denoted as ) terms are added to the soft supersymmetry breaking terms and the superpotential. The user provides a theoretical boundary condition for the couplings and mass terms of the singlet. Radiative electroweak symmetry breaking data along with electroweak and CKM matrix data are used as weak-scale boundary conditions. The renormalisation group equations are solved numerically between the weak scale and a high energy scale using a nested iterative algorithm. This paper serves as a manual to the NMSSM mode of the program, detailing the approximations and conventions used.
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We study the dynamics of a growing crystalline facet where the growth mechanism is controlled by the geometry of the local curvature. A continuum model, in (2+1) dimensions, is developed in analogy with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) model is considered for the purpose. Following standard coarse graining procedures, it is shown that in the large time, long distance limit, the continuum model predicts a curvature independent KPZ phase, thereby suppressing all explicit effects of curvature and local pinning in the system, in the "perturbative" limit. A direct numerical integration of this growth equation, in 1+1 dimensions, supports this observation below a critical parametric range, above which generic instabilities, in the form of isolated pillared structures lead to deviations from standard scaling behaviour. Possibilities of controlling this instability by introducing statistically "irrelevant" (in the sense of renormalisation groups) higher ordered nonlinearities have also been discussed.