897 resultados para ratos Wistar


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O farelo de arroz (FA) é constituido a partir do processo de beneficiamento do arroz, onde são extraídos do grão o germe, a película e a casca, ou seja, o maior conteúdo nutricional do grão se transforma em farelo. O farelo de arroz possui todos os aminoácidos essenciais, com exceção da lisina que se encontra em quantidade insuficiente. Também contém substâncias químicas com efeito hipocolesterolêmico, podendo se tornar um grande aliado contra as doenças cardiovasculares. Considerando a importância da nutrição no desenvolvimento e na organização do sistema nervoso central e seu reflexo nos processos de aprendizagem e memória faz-se necessários estudos sobre o efeito nutricional do farelo de arroz, pois o mesmo está sendo utilizado como suplemento alimentar na merenda escolar em escolas municipais da região centro-sul do estado (Camaquã, São Lourenço do Sul, Pelotas, e outros municípios adjacentes). Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito nutricional e hipocolesterolêmico do farelo de arroz sobre o desenvolvimento de ratos Wistar lactentes. Foram utilizados filhotes de ratas Wistar no período pós-natal, cujas mães receberam durante 21 dias as seguintes dietas: dieta comercial (dieta controle), dieta com FA soja c/lis, FA soja s/lis, FA c/lis e FA s/lis, ração e água ad labitum. As avaliações ponderais e bioquímicas foram realizada nos filhotes no 21º dia de vida e no final do período de lactação. Os resultados obtidos a partir das dosagens bioquímicas e avaliação ponderal foi possível observar algumas alterações que provocaram um atraso no crescimento e desenvolvimento dos filhotes, devido à desnutrição em que eles se apresentaram, quando suas mães foram submetidas à dieta com 92% de farelo de arroz (FA s/lis). Quando adicionado lisina à dieta houve uma resposta positiva, melhorando o quadro nutricional dos animais, porém muito inferior ainda em relação à dieta comercial. A suplementação de proteína de soja (92% pureza) restabeleceu o crescimento e desenvolvimento físico dos filhotes. Sendo assim, as dietas influenciaram diretamente a composição do leite materno, refletindo no estado nutricional dos filhotes.

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Para um adequado funcionamento do SNC, são necessárias complexas interações entre os sistemas de neurotransmissão inibitório e excitatório. Desequilíbrios nos sistemas, e/ou na sua interação, podem acarretar comprometimentos neuropsiquiátricos. Várias etapas do desenvolvimento ontogenético cerebral, incluindo proliferação e migração neuronal, crescimento cerebral e mielinização, astrocitogênese e morte celular programada, são alteradas pela desnutrição protéica. Alterações no sistema glutamatérgico decorrentes de desnutrição, padrões de desenvolvimento afetados no sistema GABAérgico como a atividade da glutamato descarboxilase (GAD) e mRNA de subunidades de receptores GABAA , alterações nas reações a fármacos envolvendo o sistema GABAérgico, além de estudos epidemiológicos que apontam para a maior incidência de doenças neuropsiquiátricas em populações desnutridas precocemente e, ainda, os transtornos nas complexas interações entre células neuronais e gliais, que acompanham o desenvolvimento destas patologias, levantam questionamentos sobre as implicações da desnutrição sobre o metabolismo cerebral e parâmetros inibitórios e excitatórios sob condições de excitotoxicidade. Considerando estes aspectos, investigou-se a sensibilidade a drogas convulsivantes agindo sobre os sistemas glutamatérgico (ácido quinolínico) e GABAérgico (picrotoxina), assim como se procurou detectar interferências provocadas pela desnutrição protéica gestacional e pós-natal, e/ou drogas em um dos parâmetros, que, além da biossíntese, liberação, interação com receptores, determina uma neurotransmissão eficiente, qual seja: na inativação dos dois principais neurotransmissores excitatório e inibitório, glutamato e GABA, respectivamente, por meio da captação mediada por transportadores localizados nas membranas neuronais e gliais de córtex e hipocampo de ratos em desenvolvimento, assim como parâmetros ontogenéticos ligados ao transporte de GABA. A sensibilidade à picrotoxina foi avaliada ainda segundo parâmetros metabólicos, envolvendo o metabolismo da glicose e do acetato, procurando detectar interações neurônio-glia na resposta à droga, assim como a ocorrência de peroxidação lipídica, dado o seu envolvimento no processo convulsivante. Considerando que o acetato é metabolizado predominantemente pelos astrócitos, células que têm importante papel no fluxo de substratos energéticos aos neurônios, a sua oxidação foi avaliada em fatias de córtex cerebral de ratos adultos, frente a diferentes concentrações extracelulares de potássio. A desnutrição acarretou menor sensibilidade à ação convulsivante do ácido quinolínico, em ratos de 25 dias de idade, excluindo alterações na captação de glutamato como mecanismo envolvido, uma vez que este parâmetro não foi afetado pela desnutrição e/ou droga. Contrariamente, a desnutrição induziu maior sensibilidade à ação convulsivante da picrotoxina, em ratos de 25 dias, o que pode estar relacionado à maior captação de GABA por fatias de córtex cerebral e hipocampo evidenciadas no grupo desnutrido. A desnutrição alterou o perfil ontogenético da captação de GABA por fatias de córtex cerebral e também o perfil inibitório da β-alanina (inibidor de GAT-3), dando suporte à hipótese de que a maior captação de GABA em ratos desnutridos em desenvolvimento seja devida predominantemente a este transportador. A maior sensibilidade à picrotoxina no grupo desnutrido também foi evidenciada pelo maior estímulo à oxidação da glicose em fatias de córtex cerebral (que também é idade dependente) e peroxidação lipídica. Enquanto em ratos imaturos a administração de uma única dose de picrotoxina mostrou a maior susceptibilidade de ratos desnutridos, no procedimento de “kindling” químico pela picrotoxina em ratos em desenvolvimento, a susceptibilidade mostrou-se sexo e tratamento nutricional dependente. A picrotoxina estimulou a oxidação do acetato a CO2, mas não a da glicose em período precoce pós picrotoxina (24 horas) em fatias de córtex e hipocampo de ratos de 25 dias, indicando o envolvimento astrocitário na resposta ao agente convulsivante, independente do tratamento nutricional. A administração crônica de picrotoxina acarretou estímulo à oxidação da glicose em fatias de córtex de ratos desnutridos, mostrando efeito tempo e tratamento nutricional-dependente sobre o metabolismo da glicose, sem alteração da oxidação do acetato. Altas concentrações de potássio extracelular aumentaram a oxidação do acetato em fatias de córtex cerebral, em função da redução intracelular de sódio em ratos controle e desnutridos adultos; o agravamento do déficit nutricional exacerbou a oxidação do acetato em fatias de cerebelo. A desnutrição pré e pós-natal afeta respostas envolvendo os sistemas GABAérgico e glutamatérgico em situações de excitotoxicidade, provocada por antagonista de receptor GABAA, picrotoxina e por hiperestimulador do sistema glutamatérgico, ácido quinolínico, em ratos em desenvolvimento, assim como parâmetros ontogenéticos ligados ao transporte de GABA. A severidade da restrição nutricional é fator determinante da exacerbação do estímulo à oxidação do acetato. Além do mais, a desnutrição parece afetar a interação neurônio-glia em condições de excitotoxicidade.

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Avaliou-se a segurança de um fitoterápico, constituído de extratos fluidos de Aristolochia cymbifera (“cassaú”), Plantago major L.(“transagem”), Luehea grandiflora Mart.(“açoita-cavalo”), Myrocarpus frondosus Allemão (“cabreúva”), Piptadenia colubrina Benth (“angico”) (Cassaú Composto® ), através de estudos de toxicidade aguda e subcrônica, tendo como base a resolução Nº 90, de 16 de março de 2004 da ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária). Para o teste de toxicidade aguda, ratos Wistar de ambos os sexos foram tratados por via oral com uma única dose de 26 ml/kg, correspondendo a 20 vezes a dose terapêutica indicada pelo fabricante para seres humanos adultos. Os resultados revelaram haver sinais de toxicidade sistêmica com o aparecimento de ataxia, porém de forma transitória e reversível, não causando interferência no desenvolvimento ponderal dos animais, nos consumos de água e ração, nas produções de urina e fezes, bem como alterações macroscópicas nos órgãos dos animais. Avaliou-se também a exposição a doses repetidas do fitoterápico (toxicidade subcrônica). Constituiram-se 4 grupos experimentais (10 animais/sexo/dose), onde administrou-se por via oral a ratos Wistar, durante 30 dias, doses diárias de 1,3 ml/kg, 6,5 ml/kg e 13 ml/kg, respectivamente a dose terapêutica indicada pelo fabricante para seres humanos adultos, 5 vezes, e 10 vezes a dose terapêutica, além de um grupo controle, onde administrou-se o veículo do fitoterápico. Os resultados revelaram ausência de toxicidade sistêmica, fundamentados na ausência de alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas sangüíneas, bem como peso e análises histopatológicas dos órgãos, nos diferentes grupos. As flutuações nos consumos de água e ração, bem como produções de urina e fezes, não influenciaram de maneira negativa o desenvolvimento ponderal dos animais. Concluiu-se portanto, que a utilização do fitoterápico nas doses e períodos referidos pode ser considerado segura.

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Linseed is an important oilseed consumed raw as nutritional supplement, that although represents a rich source of nutrients, its nutritional value could be impaired due to the presence of antinutritional factors. In this study, protein fractions from raw linseed flour were extracted and isolated being obtained 12% of albumins, 82% of globulins, 5% of glutelins and 1% of prolamins. These proteins were visualized by SDS-PAGE and albumins showed low molecular mass protein bands around 21 kDa and minor bands, similar to that of trypsin inhibitor; Globulins presented protein bands with high molecular masses, which possibly are constituents of multimeric proteins, such as legumins. After determination of the centesimal composition of raw linseed, it was used as exclusive protein source for young rats to evaluate its effect on animal growth. The results showed negative effects on rat growth (weight gain 73% less than the control group) and reduction of intestinal villus (35%), that could be related with in vitro and in vivo globulin digestibility and proteinaceous antinutritional factors (mammalian digestive enzymes inhibitors and lectins) in albumin fraction. Native globulins showed, by SDS-PAGE, low susceptibility in vitro to trypsin and chymotrypsin, however presented high degradation by pancreatin. Thermal treatment of globulins for 5 and 15 minutes at 100ºC improved considerably its digestibility by trypsin and pancreatin. Globulins presented 93.2% in vivo digestibility, similar to the control protein. Albumin fraction had high trypsin inhibition activity (100%) and chymotrypsin inhibition of 28.3%; haemagglutinating activity was not detected. The results of this study indicate the negative action of trypsin inhibitors on animal growth, but can not be discarded its combined action with other antinutritional factors, which could compromise the raw linseed utilization as an alternative food

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Compounds derived from fungi has been the subject of many studies in order to broaden the knowledge of their bioactive potential. Polysaccharides from Caripia montagnei have been described to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, glucans extracted from Caripia montagnei mushroom were chemically characterized and their effects evaluated at different doses and intervals of treatment. It was also described their action on colonic injury in the model of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and its action on cells of the human colon carcinoma (HT-29). Compounds extracted of C. montagnei contain high level of carbohydrates (96%), low content of phenolic compounds (1.5%) and low contamination with proteins (2.5%). The (FT-IR) and (NMR) analysis showed that polysaccharides from this species of mushroom are composed of α- and β-glucans. The colonic damage was evaluated by macroscopic, histological, biochemical and immunologic analyses. The results showed a reduction of colonic lesions in all groups treated with the glucans of Caripia montagnei (GCM). GCM significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 (50 and 75 mg/kg, p < 0.05), a major inflammatory cytokine. Biochemical analyses showed that such glucans acted on reducing levels of alkaline phosphatase (75 mg/kg, p < 0.01), nitric oxide (p < 0.001), and myeloperoxidase (p < 0.001). These results were confirmed microscopically by the reduction of cellular infiltration. The increase of catalase activity suggest a protective effect of GCM on colonic tissue, confirming their anti-inflammatory potential. GCM displayed cytostatic activity against HT-29 cells, causing accumulation of cells in G1 phase, blocking the cycle cell progression. Those glucans also showed ability to modulate the adhesion of HT-29 cells to Matrigel® and reduced the oxidative stress. The antiproliferative activity against HT-29 cells displayed by GCM (p <0.001) can be attributed to its cytostatic activity and induction of apoptosis by GCM

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Protein and caloric malnutrition has been considered one of the most concerned endemic diseases in Brazil and in the world. It has been known that depletion or reduction of proteins as far as meals are concerned can steer irreversible damages upon several organic systems. This study had as aim evaluate the effects the low-protein diet had over the formation and composition of the teeth components. 18 females and 6 males were used for the experiment. 12 from the 18 females had undertaken the low-protein diet (DH) for 03 weeks and the other 6, which remained, and those males had undertaken a controlled diet (DC) for the same period. All animals had the diets during their mating, pregnancy and lactation cycle. As soon as the offsprings had been born, 10 young males and females of each group faced a disease hood analysis to check the teeth germs of their lower fore teeth. The rest of the group had their lactation cycle normally 60 days. Then they were put to death and had their lower fore teeth removed both to be analyzed through a scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) of the structure alterations and to have their calcium checked by an atomic absorption of the phosphorus vanadate-molibdate method and by other minerals EDX method. The animals livers were removed to have their hepatic proteins analyzed as well. The histopatologic study showed that at first day of birth, all animals had their lower fore teeth come out. It was verified that 90% of the animals teeth were in an apposition and calcification period and it was possible to observe the dentin formation from 60% of the 90% already mentioned. Through the SEM method it could be realized that 90% of the animals of the DH group had their lower fore teeth easily broken and no definite shape. In this same group itself, it was also observed long micro fissures 369,66 nm ± 3,45 while the DC group had fissures of 174 nm ± 5,72. Now regarding the calcium and phosphorus concentration, it could be noticed that there was a great reduction of these components and other minerals in the DH group. Almost all minerals, except for the Cl and K, presented higher levels in the DC group enamel.The reduction of the protein input greatly influenced the offsprings´ weight and height. However the hepatic proteins had no important difference between the groups what can make one believe that those animals suffered from protein malnutrition of marasmic kind

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There are strong interests in the evaluation of the biological effects of natural and synthetic products. Blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) are used in nuclear medicine. The aim of this work was to study the effects of Clove (Caryophyllus aromaticas L.) and OZE (preparation used in the Health Sciences) on the labeling blood constituents with 99mTc and on the morphologic red blood cells (RBC) and the action of an extract of tomato (TO) on the labeling of blood constituents Blood samples were incubated with clove or OZE or TO, stannous chloride and 99mTc. Plasma (P), blood cells (BC), insoluble fractions (IF) of plasma and blood cells were separated. The radioactivity was counted and percentage of radioactivity (%ATI) to each blood fraction was calculated. The shape and morphometric parameter (perimeter/area ratio) were evaluated in the studies with clove and OZE. Clove extract and OZE altered significantly (p<0.05) the %ATI of blood constituents and the shape of red blood cells. However, clove extract not altered the red blood cells perimeter/area ratio. The tomato extract used at the highest concentrations reduced significantly (p<0.05) the %ATI in IF-P, although this extract did not modify the radiolabeling on BC, neither the radioactivity fixation on IFBC. The results indicate that these chemical compounds would have oxidative/chelating actions

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Technetium-99m (99mTc) has been used to obtain several radiobiocomplexes utilized to aid in the diagnosis of diseases. Blood constituents, as red blood cells (RBC) and plasma proteins, have been labeled with 99mTc. Natural and synthetic drugs can alter the labeling of these constituents. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of a Buzhong YiQi Wan extract to alter (i) the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, (ii) the RBC morphology, and (iii) osmotic fragility of RBC withdrawn from Wistar rats. The data showed that the BYQW extract (i) could affect labeling of blood constituintes with 99mTc, (ii) could affect the membrane integrity decreasing the osmotic resistance and (iii) could not alter the shape of RBC. Probably, these findings would be associated with properties of the substances present in the aqueous extract of BYQW. This study has multiple disciplinary aspects in knowledge areas: Radiobiology, Botanic, Phytotherapy and Haematology

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Radiobiocomplexes are used to obtain images in nuclear medicine and employed in basic research. Blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) have also been employed as radiobiocomplexes and used also experimental model for evaluation of the biological effects of natural or synthetic drugs. The analysis of the morphology and the morphometrics parameters (perimeter/área ratio) can be used to evaluate the effects of drugs upon the structure of the membrane of red blood cells. Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) is a spice used as herbal medicine to treat diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with an aqueous cinnamon extract on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc and on the morphology of red blood cells from Wistar rats. In the in vitro treatment, isolated blood sample from animals were incubated with cinnamon extract. In the in vivo treatment, blood samples were also withdrawn from animals treated with cinnamon extract. In both cases, the radiolabeling of blood constituents was done. The morphological analysis of red blood cells was also done. As control, blood or animals treated with NaCl 0.9%. The data obtained on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc experiments indicated that the in vitro treatment with cinnamon extract was capable to decrease signiicantly (p<0.05) the percentage of radioactivity in cellular compartments and on the fixation of cellular and plasma proteins. These effects were not observed on the in vivo treatment. The results obtained for the morphology of red blood cells suggest that the in vitro and in vivo treatments did not alter the morphology and the perimeter/area ratio. The in vitro treatment with aqueous cinnamon extract could affect the membrane structures related with the oxidation status of the stannous ion pertechnetate ion, altering the labeling of blood constituentes with 99mTc. This study was a multidisciplinary experimental research. It was developed with the contribution of the different Departments and Services of the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto of the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

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Medicinal plants have been studied and used in the world. Lantana camara has medicinal properties and it has been used in folk medicine. The aim was to verify the effect of a lantana extract on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, and to evaluate the effect of an aqueous extract of Lantana camara on the morphology of RBC withdrawn from Wistar rats. The results showed that lantana extract has decreased the fixation of radioactivity on the IF-P. This effect was not observed in the BC compartment and in IF-BC. The BC-%ATI was decreased in all concentrations tested when the BC was washed. The osmotic fragility assay and morphological analysis were carried out. In presence of the extract, the data obtained indicated that (i) an increase of the hemolysis and (ii) modifications on the morphology of RBC. These effects of the Lantana camara could be associated with some pharmacological properties of the chemical compounds of this studied extract

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Radionuclides have been used in Nuclear Medicine for diagnostic and treatment. In basic research, cellular and molecular structures are labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) and used as radiobiocomplexes. Some natural or synthetic drugs are capable to alter the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, as well as in the biodistribution of radiobiocomplexes. Arctium lappa (Bardana) has been used to treat inflammatory processes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of an extract of Bardana on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, on the morphology of red blood cells, on the perimeter/area ratio of red blood cells and on the biodistribution of radiophamaceutical sodium pertechnetate in Wistar rats. Extract of Bardana was capable to alter the labeling of cellular compartment with 99mTc. Plasma and cellular proteins did not present alteration on the percentage of radioactivity (%ATI). Extract of Bardana was also capable to alter the morphology and the perimeter/area ratio of red blood cells. On the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate in animals treated with the extract of Bardana, it was observed a small and significant uptake in liver, tooth and tongue, and a high and a significant uptake in stomach, lung and testis (p<0.05). In conclusion, these findings could be justified due to the effects of some chemical compounds in the Bardana extract. This study was a multidisciplinary experimental research. It was developed with the contribution of the different Departments and Services of the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto of the Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro

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Blood constituents labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) has been used with radiobiocomplexes in several procedures in nuclear medicine. Some natural and sintetic drugs are capable to interfere on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, on the morphology of red blood cells (RBC) and on the biodistribution of radiobiocomplexes. The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of an extract of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa on the labeling of blood constituints with 99mTc, on the morphology of RBC and on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical sodium perthecnetate in Wistar rats. On the in vitro studies the Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa decreased significantly (p<0.05) the %ATI on plasma proteins and on the in vitro morhology of RBC, the passion fruit peel flour altered the shape and the perimeter/área ratio. On the in vivo estudies the extract did not altered the %ATI in blood constituents, and did not altered the shape of RBC. Although, on the biodistribution of the radiobiocomplex sodium perthecnetate (Na99mTcO4) this extract decreased significantly (p<0.05) the uptake in duodenum, spleen, pâncreas and blood, and increased the uptake in stomach. It can be suggested that the effects presented by this extract could be a result of some substances contained in this extract that could alter the binding of 99mTc to plasma proteins, the morphology of RBC and the biodistribution of the radiobiocomplex sodium perthecnetate. This study was multidisciplinary experimental research. It was developed with the contribution of different Departments and Services of the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto of the Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro