915 resultados para pooling and sharing


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The number of large research networks and programmes engaging in knowledge production for development has grown over the past years. One of these programmes devoted to generating knowledge about and for development is National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North–South, a cross-disciplinary, international development research network funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and the Swiss National Science Foundation. Producing relevant knowledge for development is a core goal of the programme and an important motivation for many of the participating researchers. Over the years, the researchers have made use of various spaces for exchange and instruments for co-production of knowledge by academic and non-academic development actors. In this article we explore the characteristics of co-producing and sharing knowledge in interfaces between development research, policy and NCCR North–South practice. We draw on empirical material of the NCCR North–South programme and its specific programme element of the Partnership Actions. Our goal is to make use of the concept of the interface to reflect critically about the pursued strategies and instruments applied in producing and sharing knowledge for development across boundaries.

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Problem: Dental radiographs generally display one or more findings/diagnoses, and are linked to a unique set of patient demographics, medical history and other findings not represented by the image. However, this information is not associated with radiographs in any type of meta format, and images are not searchable based on any clinical criteria (1,2). The purpose of this pilot study is to create an online, searchable data repository of dental radiographs to be used for patient care, teaching and research. [See PDF for complete abstract]

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For successful implementation of any soil and water conservation (SWC) or sustainable land management practice, it is essential to have a proper understanding of the natural and human environment in which these practices are applied. This understanding should be based on comprehensive information concerning the application of the technologies and not solely on the technological details. The World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) is documenting and evaluating SWC practices worldwide, following a standardised methodology that facilitates exchange and comparison of experiences. Notwithstanding this standardisation, WOCAT allows flexible use of its outputs, adapted to different users and different environments. WOCAT offers a valuable tool for evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of SWC practices and their potential for application in other areas. Besides collecting a wealth of information, gaps in available information are also exposed, showing the need for more research in those fields. Several key issues for development- oriented research have been identified and are being addressed in collaboration with a research programme for mitigating syndromes of global change.

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This paper challenges current practices in the use of digital media to communicate Australian Aboriginal knowledge practices in a learning context. It proposes that any digital representation of Aboriginal knowledge practices needs to examine the epistemology and ontology of these practices in order to design digital environments that effectively support and enable existing Aboriginal knowledge practices in the real world. Central to this is the essential task of any new digital representation of Aboriginal knowledge to resolve the conflict between database and narrative views of knowledge (L. Manovich, 2001). This is in order to provide a tool that complements rather than supplants direct experience of traditional knowledge practices (V. Hart, 2001). This paper concludes by reporting on the recent development of an advanced learning technology that addresses this.

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A distinct feature of several recent models of contrast masking is that detecting mechanisms are divisively inhibited by a broadly tuned ‘gain pool’ of narrow-band spatial pattern mechanisms. The contrast gain control provided by this ‘cross-channel’ architecture achieves contrast normalisation of early pattern mechanisms, which is important for keeping them within the non-saturating part of their biological operating characteristic. These models superseded earlier ‘within-channel’ models, which had supposed that masking arose from direct stimulation of the detecting mechanism by the mask. To reveal the extent of masking, I measured the levels produced with large ranges of pattern spatial relationships that have not been explored before. Substantial interactions between channels tuned to different orientations and spatial frequencies were found. Differences in the masking levels produced with single and multiple component mask patterns provided insights into the summation rules within the gain pool. A widely used cross-channel masking model was tested on these data and was found to perform poorly. The model was developed and a version in which linear summation was allowed between all components within the gain pool but with the exception of the self-suppressing route typically provided the best account of the data. Subsequently, an adaptation paradigm was used to probe the processes underlying pooled responses in masking. This delivered less insight into the pooling than the other studies and areas were identified that require investigation for a new unifying model of masking and adaptation. In further experiments, levels of cross-channel masking were found to be greatly influenced by the spatio-temporal tuning of the channels involved. Old masking experiments and ideas relying on within-channel models were re-elevated in terms of contemporary cross-channel models (e.g. estimations of channel bandwidths from orientation masking functions) and this led to different conclusions than those originally arrived at. The investigation of effects with spatio-temporally superimposed patterns is focussed upon throughout this work, though it is shown how these enquiries might be extended to investigate effects across spatial and temporal position.

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Despite years of effort in building organisational taxonomies, the potential of ontologies to support knowledge management in complex technical domains is under-exploited. The authors of this chapter present an approach to using rich domain ontologies to support sense-making tasks associated with resolving mechanical issues. Using Semantic Web technologies, the authors have built a framework and a suite of tools which support the whole semantic knowledge lifecycle. These are presented by describing the process of issue resolution for a simulated investigation concerning failure of bicycle brakes. Foci of the work have included ensuring that semantic tasks fit in with users’ everyday tasks, to achieve user acceptability and support the flexibility required by communities of practice with differing local sub-domains, tasks, and terminology.

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A személyazonosság-menedzsment napjaink fontos kutatási területe mind elméleti, mind gyakorlati szempontból. A szakterületen megvalósuló együttműködés, elektronikus tudásáramoltatás és csere hosszú távon csak úgy képzelhető el, hogy az azonos módon történő értelmezést automatikus eszközök támogatják. A szerző cikkében azokat a kutatási tevékenységeket foglalja össze, amelyeket - felhasználva a tudásmenedzsment, a mesterséges intelligencia és az információtechnológia eszközeit - a személyazonosság-menedzsment terület fogalmi leképezésére, leírására használt fel. Kutatási célja olyan közös fogalmi bázis kialakítása volt személyazonosság-menedzsment területre, amely lehetővé teszi az őt körülvevő multidimenzionális környezet kezelését. A kutatás kapcsolódik a GUIDE kutatási projekthez is, amelynek a szerző résztvevője. ______________ Identity management is an important research field from theoretical and practical aspects as well. The task itself is not new, identification and authentication was necessary always in public administration and business life. Information Society offers new services for citizens, which dramatically change the way of administration and results additional risks and opportunities. The goal of the demonstrated research was to formulate a common basis for the identity management domain in order to support the management of the surrounding multidimensional environment. There is a need for capturing, mapping, processing knowledge concerning identity management in order to support reusability, interoperability; to help common sharing and understanding the domain and to avoid inconsistency. The paper summarizes research activities for the identification, conceptualisation and representation of domain knowledge related to identity management, using the results of knowledge management, artificial intelligence and information technology. I utilized the experiences of Guide project, in which I participate. The paper demonstrates, that domain ontologies could offer a proper solution for identity management domain conceptualisation.

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Tutkielmassa tutkitaan Euroopan puolustusviraston toiminnallisia mahdollisuuksia boydilaisessa viitekehyksessä. Eversti John Boyd on tunnettu ja arvostettu yhdysvaltalainen strategi, jonka kehittämää OODA-mallia sovelletaan laajasti yhteiskunnan eri osa-alueilla. Päätutkimuskysymyksenä on, millaisia toiminnallisia mahdollisuuksia Euroopan puolustusvirastolla on, ja olisiko perusteltua vaihtaa Puolustusviraston nimi Turvallisuusvirastoksi. Tutkimus on metodologiselta lähtökohdaltaan kvalitatiivinen eli laadullinen kirjallisuus-analyysi. Deduktiivista sisällönanalyysiä käytetään tutkimuksessa luomaan selkeä runko asiakirjoista ja lähteistä, joita tutkimuksen tarpeisiin on kerätty. Aineistona käytetään Boydin omaa materiaalia sekä EU:n asiakirjoja turvallisuudesta, Puolustusviraston perustamisesta ja sen tehtävistä. Tarkasteltaessa Euroopan puolustusvirastoa boydilaisessa viitekehyksessä voidaan havaita viraston tämänhetkisten tehtävien mahdottomuus. Viraston resurssit, tehtävät ja roolitus eivät ole tasapainossa, jolloin tehtävien hoitaminen tuloksellisesti ei ole mahdollista. OODA-mallin soveltuminen viraston tehtävien tukemiseen on vähintäänkin kyseenalaista, koska malli sivuuttaa Euroopan unionin virastojen tärkeimmän elementin, politiikan. Lisäksi malli on liian kaavamainen ja se yksinkertaistaa liikaa monimutkaisia ilmiöitä.

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Tämä tutkimus keskittyy analysoimaan tiivistyvästä suomalais-ruotsalaisesta puolustusyh-teistyöstä käytävässä julkisessa keskustelussa ilmeneviä keskusteluun vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Tutkimusmenetelmänä on abduktiivinen kvalitatiivinen sisällönanalyysi (yhdistelmä groun-ded theory- ja sisällönanalyysiä). Tutkimus toteutettiin käyttäen mallia, joka muokattiin To-mas Valasekin hypoteesista, joka koskee pooling and sharing -yhteistyötä (Surviving Auste-rity - The case for a new approach to EU military collaboration, 2011). Malli muodostettiin induktoimalla tutkimuksen primääriaineistosta, joka koottiin julkisesta puolustusyhteistyötä käsittelevästä keskustelusta Suomessa ja Ruotsissa 1.1.2013–31.8.2014. Tutkimuksen pääkysymys on: Miten tiivistyvästä suomalais-ruotsalaisesta puolustusyhteis-työstä 1.1.2013–31.8.2014 käytyyn julkiseen keskusteluun vaikuttaneet päätekijät ilmene-vät? Tutkimuksen alakysymykset muodostettiin tutkimuksen primääriaineistosta neljässä eri kategoriassa: historialliset, poliittiset/sotilaalliset, taloudelliset ja asenteelliset tekijät. Ai-neistoa analysoitiin deduktiivisesti käyttäen näitä kategorioita analyysimallina, tarkoituk-sena lisätä ymmärrystä yksittäisistä tekijöistä ja löytää päätekijät. Alakysymyksiä ovat: - Miten 1) historialliset, 2) poliittiset/sotilaalliset, 3) taloudelliset ja 4) asenteelliset tekijät ilmenevät keskustelussa tiivistyvästä puolustusyhteistyöstä? - Kuinka nämä tekijät eroavat Suomessa ja Ruotsissa? - Mikä tekijöistä nähdään keskustelussa tärkeimpänä? Tutkimuksen päätuloksena on, että luottamus tai sen puute on tärkein keskustelussa ilme-nevä päätekijä, joka joko edistää tai toisaalta heikentää yhteistyötä. Muina keskustelusta il-menevinä päätekijöinä nähdään seuraavien tekijöiden olemassaolo tai puute: - ymmärrys yhteistyön historiallisesta taustasta molempien valtioiden näkökulmista - poliittisten/sotilaallisten tavoitteiden selkeys ja niihin sitoutuminen - poliittinen sitoutuminen yhteistyön poliittisten/sotilaallisten tarkoitusperien edistämi-seen kotimaan taloudellisten hyötyjen sijaan - laillisesti sitova rakenne yhteistyölle.

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Among the many foreign policy challenges the EU will have to address this year, such as cultivating workable ties with Ukraine, Russia and other neighbours in the east, reviving the transatlantic partnership in trade, rebalancing alliances with Asian countries, and pooling and sharing defence capabilities, the number one challenge that will take up most of the Foreign Affairs Council’s time is the Middle East. After months of half-baked unilateral attempts at resolving the foreign policy challenges posed by this troubled region, the moment has now come for the EU to take bold and concrete action, argues CEPS Senior Fellow Steven Blockmans in this new Commentary.