1991 status update : U.S. Atlantic coast piping plover.

"January 27, 1992."

1993 status update : U.S. Atlantic coast piping plover.

"December 1993."

Investigation of standards, performance characteristics, and evaluation criteria for thermoplastic piping in residential plumbing systems /

"Sponsored by Office of Policy Development and Research, Department of Housing and Urban Development."

Piping plover (Charadrius melodus) Atlantic coast population revised recovery plan : technical/agency draft /

"January 1995."

Piping and panning,

Poems.

Welded pipe fabrication; a course of instruction explaining all common cuts and layouts made on pipe, with explanations of short methods, the mathematics needed, and the tools used in developing patterns for, calculating, and fabricating any welded piping system.

Mode of access: Internet.

ASTM specifications for steel piping materials; pipe, tubes, castings, forgings [and] bolting.

Mode of access: Internet.

Oxwelded construction for modern piping services.

Mode of access: Internet.

Fabrication of welded piping designs.

Mode of access: Internet.

Piping of industrial fuels. Calculations, data and step-by-step instructions on design and installation of gas, oil and gasoline piping in industrial plant projects, including fuel oil and gasoline storage.

Mode of access: Internet.

Definizione linee PIPING di vapore e condensa per impianto di riscaldamento dell'acqua ad uso industriale

In questo elaborato vengono descritte le modalità ed i criteri di progettazione di un impianto di riutilizzo di vapore surriscaldato residuo, per un’applicazione industriale di riscaldamento di acqua desalinizzata. Il vapore, che si trova stanziato in linee di accumulo considerate preesistenti, verrà successivamente spillato e canalizzato verso uno scambiatore termico a fascio tubiero controcorrente. A valle di quest’ultimo, si sviluppa una linea di ritorno di condensa che si conclude con il collegamento della stessa ad una linea di accumulo di condensa, anch'essa considerata preesistente. L’obiettivo principale dell’elaborato è la progettazione delle linee piping necessarie per la corretta e completa realizzazione dell’impianto sopracitato, sia a livello operativo che di sicurezza. A tale scopo, quindi, viene descritto il layout generale d’impianto, vengono stabiliti gli approcci da seguire, come la supportazione delle linee stesse ed i metodi di smorzamento delle tensioni termiche accumulate, ed, una volta introdotte le normative e gli standard utilizzati in fase di progettazione, viene fatta una verifica mediante utilizzo di software di calcolo a elementi finiti (Caesar 2), i cui risultati andranno a giustificare le scelte progettuali ed a convalidare l’attuale installazione del progetto.

Characterization of the cold ductility degradation after aging in centrifugally cast 20Cr32Ni+Nb alloy tube

The mechanical properties (yield stress, ultimate tensile stress and elongation) of alloy 20Cr32Ni + Nb subject to isochronal aging at temperatures between 670 and 820 degrees C for 200 h were investigated using samples extracted from a centrifugally cast tube. The results confirm the occurrence of embrittlement in the aged samples, with maximum embrittlement observed around 770 degrees C without significant gain in strength. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Failure assessments of corroded pipelines with axial defects using stress-based criteria: Numerical studies and verification analyses

Conventional procedures used to assess the integrity of corroded piping systems with axial defects generally employ simplified failure criteria based upon a plastic collapse failure mechanism incorporating the tensile properties of the pipe material. These methods establish acceptance criteria for defects based on limited experimental data for low strength structural steels which do not necessarily address specific requirements for the high grade steels currently used. For these cases, failure assessments may be overly conservative or provide significant scatter in their predictions, which lead to unnecessary repair or replacement of in-service pipelines. Motivated by these observations, this study examines the applicability of a stress-based criterion based upon plastic instability analysis to predict the failure pressure of corroded pipelines with axial defects. A central focus is to gain additional insight into effects of defect geometry and material properties on the attainment of a local limit load to support the development of stress-based burst strength criteria. The work provides an extensive body of results which lend further support to adopt failure criteria for corroded pipelines based upon ligament instability analyses. A verification study conducted on burst testing of large-diameter pipe specimens with different defect length shows the effectiveness of a stress-based criterion using local ligament instability in burst pressure predictions, even though the adopted burst criterion exhibits a potential dependence on defect geometry and possibly on material`s strain hardening capacity. Overall, the results presented here suggests that use of stress-based criteria based upon plastic instability analysis of the defect ligament is a valid engineering tool for integrity assessments of pipelines with axial corroded defects. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Design of pressure vessels using shape optimization: An integrated approach

Previous papers related to the optimization of pressure vessels have considered the optimization of the nozzle independently from the dished end. This approach generates problems such as thickness variation from nozzle to dished end (coupling cylindrical region) and, as a consequence, it reduces the optimality of the final result which may also be influenced by the boundary conditions. Thus, this work discusses shape optimization of axisymmetric pressure vessels considering an integrated approach in which the entire pressure vessel model is used in conjunction with a multi-objective function that aims to minimize the von-Mises mechanical stress from nozzle to head. Representative examples are examined and solutions obtained for the entire vessel considering temperature and pressure loading. It is noteworthy that different shapes from the usual ones are obtained. Even though such different shapes may not be profitable considering present manufacturing processes, they may be competitive for future manufacturing technologies, and contribute to a better understanding of the actual influence of shape in the behavior of pressure vessels. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Lot-fed goats - the advantages of using an enriched environment

By reducing the stress associated with high stocking density in a feedlot it is likely that goats will utilise their feed more efficiently and suffer fewer health problems. One possible method of reducing stress is to enrich the feedlot environment. In a feedlot of 160 castrated goats (average weight 24.6 +/- 2.6 kg), 2 types of feedlot structures were compared; a typical feedlot and an 'environmentally enriched' feedlot, and goats stocked at 2 densities; a high stocking density (1667 goats/ha) and a relatively low stocking density (897 goats/ha). Over a 42-day period, environmental enrichment (old car/truck tyres and wooden railway sleepers to climb on and PVC piping to mouth and butt) increased weight gain by 83% (P = 0.04) and reduced the occurrence of inanition by 36%. Aggressive behaviour at the feed trough was reduced by 30% (P = 0.03) in pens of lower density when compared with pens of higher density. We conclude that lot feeding goats in environmentally enriched surroundings will increase feed conversion and reduce the number of non-eaters when compared with typically bare pen structures. Doubling in liveweight gain of goats within enriched feedlot surroundings when compared with typical structures shows promise as a cost effective, animal-welfare-orientated practice.