Mechanical tillage of degraded mining areas at Jamari national forest (Amazonian forest, Rondônia - BR)

According to the environmental legislation enforced in Brazil and the process of marketing globalization, the commitment of the nations to the preservation of the environment is intensified. By reason of nature's negative responses to its intensive use, awareness then appears from enterprises and agencies about how the anthropic action over the environment needs to be minimized, becoming a challenge: development and sustainability. In this context, the present work made use of the Mechanical tillage of the soil, as a technique to apply, in a large scale, the strategies and methods to recover mined areas that were researched and developed experimentally by researchers on a theme project about the recovering of degraded areas. This work was conducted in the Amazon ecosystem, inside the Jamari National Forest - Rondônia (FLONA do Jamari), in deactivated cassiterite mines. The objectives of this work were to: Develop a computational program capable of managing a database and assist in the selection of machines and preparation methods to execute the operations of topographical reconstitution and tillage of surfaces in areas degraded by the mineral exploitation of cassiterite. Use the program that was developed in the planning of costs and operational development, for the operations required in the strategies for recovering the areas. Analyze the vegetable productivity in the mobilized areas and the quality of the superficial mobilization, making use of indicators and tillage methods. Evaluate, through biological indicators, the efficiency of the recovery strategies and techniques that were mechanized and applied on the location. The results showed that the developed computational program (SGMAD) served the methodological purposes (the analysis of costs and operational capacity) established for the planning and the selection of the tillage machines and methods in the areas of mineral exploitation of cassiterite. The applied methods and quality of the superficial mobilization were significant to the development of leguminous plants in the areas. The use of biological indicators (microbial biomass and enzymatic activity) in the evaluation of the adopted techniques and strategies revealed that the planting of leguminous plants and their posterior incorporation have been promoting gradually positive alterations in some of the analyzed soil/substract parameters. © 2010 WIT Press.

Development of national statistical systems and the responsibilities of national statistical offices

Includes bibliography

Análise de dois modais de sistemas de colheita mecanizados de eucalipto em 1ª rotação

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Subsolagem em profundidade variada com base no mapeamento de áreas de manejo específico

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Distribuição longitudinal e produtividade do milho em função da velocidade de deslocamento e da profundidade de deposição da semente

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Morte e ressurreição da SUDAM: uma análise da decadência e extinção do padrão de planejamento regional na Amazônia

A SUDAM foi extinta em maio de 2001 sob o argumento oficial de que a Instituição estava infiltrada de fraudes e corrupção. Portanto, alegando pressão da opinião pública, o Estado brasileiro extinguiu sumariamente essa Instituição (assim como a SUDENE) e a política de incentivo fiscais que fomentava o desenvolvimento regional no país. Esta tese sustenta a argumentação oposta de que a corrupção não se constituiu em fator determinante para a extinção da SUDAM, mas sim que esse processo decorreu da incapacidade do Estado brasileiro de continuar mantendo o padrão de financeira ocorrente desde os anos oitenta. Inúmeras medidas de política econômica foram tomada pelo Estado que diminuíram os recursos financeiros movimentados pelo Fundo de Investimento da SUDAM, restringindo conseqüentemente a capacidade operacional da Instituição na manutenção dos repasses de recursos para os projetos incentivados e no financiamento de novos projetos na região. Ao se extinguir a SUDAM e a sua política de incentivos fiscais, foi automaticamente extinto o funding sobre o qual se constituiu o padrão de financiamento de desenvolvimento regional concebido desde meados dos anos sessenta e assim sendo, ficou a região sem uma alternativa de financiamento viável e aceitável para o se desenvolvimento. A criação de um novo funding em torno da nova Instituição, a ADA, sem a existência de incentivos fiscais, não se mostrou vantajoso para o capital privado, inviabilizando a demanda por esses recursos. Como alternativa política o governo está se esforçando para criar a SUDAM, mas sem a vinculação dos incentivos fiscais, o que não aconteceu até agora, retardando a ressurreição da Instituição.

Modelagem do “tempo de execução” de obras civis: estudo de caso na Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)

O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um modelo numérico prognóstico que trate a variável “tempo” de forma eficiente e eficaz, com a finalidade de atender às reais necessidades dos clientes-usuários e à sociedade em geral. Todavia, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico sobre gestão pública, no tocante a obras públicas, estatística e pesquisa operacional para sistema organizacional, visando à modelagem numérica. A pesquisa foi baseada em metodologias quantitativas, com ênfase na pesquisa operacional para o estudo das obras públicas executadas sob a gerência da Prefeitura (PCU) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Para a elaboração da base de dados, foram coletados informações de obras, reformas e ampliações, executadas durante o período de 2006 a 2009, junto à Comissão Permanente de Licitação (CPL) e à Fundação de Amparo ao Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa (FADESP). Mediante as regressões lineares e, após as transformadas das funções, foram obtidos para o modelo prognóstico os parâmetros estatísticos: coeficiente de correlação (R), de 0,899; coeficiente de determinação (R²), de 0,808; coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R² ajustado), de 0,796; e erro padrão (Se), de 0,41. Esses parâmetros demonstram forte correlação linearizada entre as variáveis, indicando que 79,60% da variabilidade do tempo para executar uma obra pública é causada ou produzida pela variação, em conjunto, da área; do valor orçado; da capacidade técnica operacional da IFES; da capacidade operacional da empresa; da tipologia de serviço; e da estação do ano. Com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que é possível aplicar e implementar o modelo prognóstico para execução de obras públicas, pois se obteve uma ferramenta potente em sua aplicação para as melhorias dos procedimentos administrativos, tanto na estrutura como no seu desempenho, cujo principal resultado é a previsão do tempo para execução do empreendimento público.

Modelagem do tempo de execução de obras civis: estudo de caso na Universidade Federal do Pará

Este artigo propõe a adoção de um modelo numérico prognóstico para estimar a variável "tempo de execução" para empreendimentos públicos de forma objetiva. O trabalho de campo consistiu na aplicação de métodos estatísticos para analisar dados de obras licitadas e executadas durante o período de 2006 a 2009 na Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). A análise de dados envolveu cálculos de regressões lineares e transformadas das funções. Após estratificação e tratamento inicial dos dados, os elementos adotados para construção do modelo final se restringiram a 102 obras de um total de 225 originariamente pesquisadas, resultando nos seguintes parâmetros estatísticos: coeficiente de correlação (R) de 0,899; coeficiente de determinação (R²) de 0,808; coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R² ajustado) de 0,796 e erro padrão (Se) de 0,41. Estes parâmetros indicam forte correlação linear entre as variáveis, indicando que 79,60% da variação do tempo para executar uma obra pública podem ser causadas pela variação, em conjunto, das variáveis área construída, custo orçado, capacidade técnica operacional do contratante, capacidade operacional da empresa, tipologia de serviço e estação do ano.

Jogos digitais educacionais nas aulas de Educação Física: Olympia, um videogame sobre os jogos olímpicos

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

Desempenho de semeadora-adubadora em função do preparo de solo e espaçamento da cultura do milho

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência do volume reduzido e do estádio fenológico da planta de soja no controle da Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Recolhimento mecanizado do café em função do manejo do solo e da declividade do terreno

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Increasing Utilization of US Electric Grids via Smart Technologies: Integration of Load Management, Real Time Pricing, Renewables, EVs and Smart Grid Sensors

Electric power grids throughout the world suffer from serious inefficiencies associated with under-utilization due to demand patterns, engineering design and load following approaches in use today. These grids consume much of the world’s energy and represent a large carbon footprint. From material utilization perspectives significant hardware is manufactured and installed for this infrastructure often to be used at less than 20-40% of its operational capacity for most of its lifetime. These inefficiencies lead engineers to require additional grid support and conventional generation capacity additions when renewable technologies (such as solar and wind) and electric vehicles are to be added to the utility demand/supply mix. Using actual data from the PJM [PJM 2009] the work shows that consumer load management, real time price signals, sensors and intelligent demand/supply control offer a compelling path forward to increase the efficient utilization and carbon footprint reduction of the world’s grids. Underutilization factors from many distribution companies indicate that distribution feeders are often operated at only 70-80% of their peak capacity for a few hours per year, and on average are loaded to less than 30-40% of their capability. By creating strong societal connections between consumers and energy providers technology can radically change this situation. Intelligent deployment of smart sensors, smart electric vehicles, consumer-based load management technology very high saturations of intermittent renewable energy supplies can be effectively controlled and dispatched to increase the levels of utilization of existing utility distribution, substation, transmission, and generation equipment. The strengthening of these technology, society and consumer relationships requires rapid dissemination of knowledge (real time prices, costs & benefit sharing, demand response requirements) in order to incentivize behaviors that can increase the effective use of technological equipment that represents one of the largest capital assets modern society has created.

Municipalización y descentralización del Estado : ¿autonomía vacía o fortalecimiento de la capacidad de gestión?

Los cambios operados en la Argentina de la última década van desde la Reforma del Estado a una desocupación que supera los índices históricos. La llamada Municipalización del Estado, como uno de los cambios relevantes, será nuestro objeto de estudio. La pregunta que nos guía es si la descentralización operada fortalece la capacidad de gestión de los municipios o si sólo implica transferencia de responsabilidades sin autonomía ni recursos. Promover un desarrollo local mediante programas dirigidos a dualizar las regiones urbanas, creando islotes de modernidad exportadora en océanos de pobreza, produce altas tasas de desocupación, pauperización y desintegración social.

Characterisation of a harvesting step for monoclonal antibodies from mammalian cell culture

The focus of this research was defined by a poorly characterised filtration train employed to clarify culture broth containing monoclonal antibodies secreted by GS-NSO cells: the filtration train blinded unpredictably and the ability of the positively charged filters to adsorb DNA from process material was unknown. To direct the development of an assay to quantify the ability of depth filters to adsorb DNA, the molecular weight of DNA from a large-scale, fed-batch, mammalian cell culture vessel was evaluated as process material passed through the initial stages of the purification scheme. High molecular weight DNA was substantially cleared from the broth after passage through a disc stack centrifuge and the remaining low molecular weight DNA was largely unaffected by passage through a series of depth filters and a sterilising grade membrane. Removal of high molecular weight DNA was shown to be coupled with clarification of the process stream. The DNA from cell culture supernatant showed a pattern of internucleosomal cleavage of chromatin when fractionated by electrophoresis but the presence of both necrotic and apoptotic cells throughout the fermentation meant that the origin of the fragmented DNA could not be unequivocally determined. An intercalating fluorochrome, PicoGreen, was elected for development of a suitable DNA assay because of its ability to respond to low molecular weight DNA. It was assessed for its ability to determine the concentration of DNA in clarified mammalian cell culture broths containing pertinent monoclonal antibodies. Fluorescent signal suppression was ameliorated by sample dilution or by performing the assay above the pI of secreted IgG. The source of fluorescence in clarified culture broth was validated by incubation with RNase A and DNase I. At least 89.0 % of fluorescence was attributable to nucleic acid and pre-digestion with RNase A was shown to be a requirement for successful quantification of DNA in such samples. Application of the fluorescence based assay resulted in characterisation of the physical parameters governing adsorption of DNA by various positively charged depth filters and membranes in test solutions and the DNA adsorption profile of the manufacturing scale filtration train. Buffers that reduced or neutralised the depth filter or membrane charge, and those that impeded hydrophobic interactions were shown to affect their operational capacity, demonstrating that DNA was adsorbed by a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Production-scale centrifugation of harvest broth containing therapeutic protein resulted in the reduction of total DNA in the process stream from 79.8 μg m1-1 to 9.3 μg m1-1 whereas the concentration of DNA in the supernatant of pre-and post-filtration samples had only marginally reduced DNA content: from 6.3 to 6.0 μg m1-1 respectively. Hence the filtration train was shown to ineffective in DNA removal. Historically, blinding of the depth filters had been unpredictable with data such as numbers of viable cells, non-viable cells, product titre, or process shape (batch, fed-batch, or draw and fill) failing to inform on the durability of depth filters in the harvest step. To investigate this, key fouling contaminants were identified by challenging depth filters with the same mass of one of the following: viable healthy cells, cells that had died by the process of apoptosis, and cells that had died through the process of necrosis. The pressure increase across a Cuno Zeta Plus 10SP depth filter was 2.8 and 16.5 times more sensitive to debris from apoptotic and necrotic cells respectively, when compared to viable cells. The condition of DNA released into the culture broth was assessed. Necrotic cells released predominantly high molecular weight DNA in contrast to apoptotic cells which released chiefly low molecular weight DNA. The blinding of the filters was found to be largely unaffected by variations in the particle size distribution of material in, and viscosity of, solutions with which they were challenged. The exceptional response of the depth filters to necrotic cells may suggest the cause of previously noted unpredictable filter blinding whereby a number of necrotic cells have a more significant impact on the life of a depth filter than a similar number of viable or apoptotic cells. In a final set of experiments the pressure drop caused by non-viable necrotic culture broths which had been treated with DNase I or benzonase was found to be smaller when compared to untreated broths: the abilities of the enzyme treated cultures to foul the depth filter were reduced by 70.4% and 75.4% respectively indicating the importance of DNA in the blinding of the depth filter studied.