Pour un cinéma du «réel» : les films de fiction de Jean-Pierre et Luc Dardenne

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur cinq films de fiction de Jean-Pierre et Luc Dardenne : La promesse (1996), Rosetta (1999), Le fils (2002), L’enfant (2005) et Le silence de Lorna (2008). L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser la problématique du « réel » à travers ces cinq cas filmiques, en défendant l’idée que le réel, à défaut de pouvoir être représenté (Jacques Lacan), est visé – et exprimé – par l’appareillage cinématographique des Dardenne. Dans le premier chapitre, nous déterminons en quoi le cinéma de Jean-Pierre et Luc Dardenne opère une nouvelle fictionnalité qui brouille les limites entre le document et la fiction. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous situons l’approche des Frères dans la modernité cinématographique et nous analysons les enjeux esthétiques qui, au sein de leur cinéma, « posent le problème du réel ». Enfin, le troisième chapitre est entièrement dédié à l’acteur dardennien qui, par sa méthode, son jeu et ses postures, provoque l’expression du réel.

A general treatment of geometric phases and dynamical invariants

Based only on the parallel-transport condition, we present a general method to compute Abelian or non-Abelian geometric phases acquired by the basis states of pure or mixed density operators, which also holds for nonadiabatic and noncyclic evolution. Two interesting features of the non-Abelian geometric phase obtained by our method stand out: i) it is a generalization of Wilczek and Zee`s non-Abelian holonomy, in that it describes nonadiabatic evolution where the basis states are parallelly transported between distinct degenerate subspaces, and ii) the non-Abelian character of our geometric phase relies on the transitional evolution of the basis states, even in the nondegenerate case. We apply our formalism to a two-level system evolving nonadiabatically under spontaneous decay to emphasize the non- Abelian nature of the geometric phase induced by the reservoir. We also show, through the generalized invariant theory, that our general approach encompasses previous results in the literature. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2008.

Do encontro das águas ao Atlântico negro: organização, difusão de frames e os limites do ativismo transnacional no movimento negro brasileiro

Meu objetivo nesta tese é compreender o processo de transnacionalização do movimento negro brasileiro e as suas consequências para a luta antirracista no Brasil. Em outras palavras, busco compreender como os negros brasileiros se articulam com os negros do mundo para cumprir seus objetivos. Uma vez que hoje a cultura negra global tem sido compreendida a partir da metáfora do “Atlântico Negro”, que representa um espaço de trocas transnacional que conecta todos os sujeitos da diáspora negra, assumo esta mesma metáfora como ponto de partida para minha reflexão. Entretanto, me interessa refletir sob um dos aspectos do Atlântico Negro, que é a sua dimensão organizacional. Se é pelo Atlântico Negro que hoje circulam um conjunto de conteúdos que são compartilhados pela comunidade negra mundial, tais como idéias e práticas que estão relacionadas a religião, a música, a literatura e as formas de organização, então podemos afirmar que a organização do movimento negro brasileiro se alimenta também destas múltiplas dimensões. Para desenvolver esta linha de argumentação, a tese utiliza o caso do movimento negro brasileiro para analisar o processo de difusão de um frame transnacional racialista que é apropriado pelo movimento negro como base para a elaboração de um diagnóstico, prognóstico e ressonância das ações de combate ao racismo no Brasil e para a definição das estruturas de mobilização e das estratégias de ação do movimento. Contudo, esta apropriação não ocorre sem problemas, pois este frame enfrenta outros frames locais, de caráter não-racialista, o que acarreta severas restrições ao ativismo transnacional na medida em que o próprio movimento negro se vê diante do dilema entre manter o alinhamento com o frame transnacional e aproveita as oportunidades políticas oferecidas pelo racialismo, ou relativiza este frame fazendo algumas concessões em suas propostas e na sua organização, a fim de se adaptar aos frames locais, negociando estas oportunidades a partir das restrições existentes. Para entender esta dinâmica, proponho a metáfora do “Encontro das Águas” amazonense, como um ponto de argumentação complementar ao Atlântico Negro, pois leva em conta os aspectos locais da luta antirracista que se apoiam na mestiçagem como identidade autônoma que não se dilui facilmente na identidade negra. Além de desenvolver estes pontos, a tese contribui para compreender melhor a dialética entre o global e local, bem como as tensões advindas dos frames em disputa.

Identificação e análise dos fatores críticos de sucesso dos projetos de uma empresa do terceiro setor do ramo da saúde especializada em oncologia: caso Fundação XPTO

No atual cenário empresarial, em consequência da velocidade das mudanças e do dinamismo das informações no mundo contemporâneo, vem sendo amplamente discutido como as organizações podem responder de forma célere a esses movimentos e, assim, construir uma vantagem competitiva para assegurar a sustentabilidade dos negócios. Não obstante o caráter social e não-lucrativo das empresas do Terceiro Setor, esse segmento também caminha na busca de práticas de gestão baseadas em resultados. Nessa perspectiva, pensando em como a gestão por projetos pode promover mudanças positivas pela potencialização de ações e recursos, este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar, por meio de um estudo de caso, os fatores críticos de sucesso dos projetos em uma empresa do Terceiro Setor do ramo da saúde, especializada em oncologia, em um horizonte temporal de vinte e dois (22) meses. Foram utilizadas múltiplas fontes de evidências: análise da documentação histórica de quatro (04) projetos de média e alta complexidades, observação e acompanhamento de cinco (05) profissionais na fase de execução de um projeto de alta complexidade, verificação dos resultados da pesquisa qualitativa de maturidade em projetos e investigação do portfólio de projetos, através do relato de vinte (20) profissionais de saúde e administrativos. Na área acadêmica, diversos estudos tiveram como objeto os fatores críticos de sucesso dos projetos. No entanto, existe a necessidade de exploração do tema no ramo da saúde.

Interference effects in nonplanar wires with a two-dimensional electron gas

We have studied the universal conductance fluctuations (UCF) due to quantum interface in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) grown on the substrates with pre-patterned, sub-micron wires. The dependence of UCF on the angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the substrate has been investigated. We found, that magnetoresistance traces for different angles are completely uncorrelated. A non-planar character of electron motion is responsible for these angular conductance fluctuations. We compared the experimental results with a simple geometrical model.

Ureasil-polyether hybrid film-forming materials

The objectives of this work were to study the suitability and highlight the advantages of the use of cross-linked ureasil-polyether hybrid matrices as film-forming systems. The results revealed that ureasil-polyethers are excellent film-forming systems due to specific properties, such as their biocompatibility, their cosmetic attractiveness for being able to form thin and transparent films, their short drying time to form films and their excellent bioadhesion compared to the commercial products known as strong adhesives. Rheological measurements have demonstrated the ability of these hybrid matrices to form a film in only a few seconds and Water Vapor Transmitting Rate (WVTR) showed adequate semi-occlusive properties suggesting that these films could be used as skin and wound protectors. Both the high skin bioadhesion and non-cytotoxic character seems to be improved by the presence of multiple amine groups in the hybrid molecules. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Preparation and characterization of the bacterial cellulose/polyurethane nanocomposites

New nanocomposites based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCN) and polyurethane (PU) prepolymer were prepared and characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and TG/DTG analyses. An improvement of the interface reaction between the BCN and the PU prepolymer was obtained by a solvent exchange process. FT-IR results showed the main urethane band at 2,270 cm-1 to PU prepolymer; however, in nanocomposites new bands appear as disubstituted urea at 1,650 and 1,550 cm-1. In addition, the observed decrease in the intensity of the hydroxyl band (3,500 cm-1) suggests an interaction between BCN hydroxyls and NCO-free groups. The nanocomposites presented a non-crystalline character, significant thermal stability (up to 230 °C) and low water absorption when compared to pristine BCN. © 2013 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

A dialética do conhecimento científico, a prática e a experimentação: uma análise do ideário de licenciandos e sua relação com a epistemologia da ciência moderna

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Redes neurais aplicadas em processos de usinagem da madeira

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Análise e extração de características de imagens termográficas utilizando componentes principais

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

The profile of women who have experienced cesarean section and obstetric care at a public maternity hospital in Ribeirao Preto

The present paper presents the social and obstetric profile of women undergoing cesarean childbirth at a public maternity hospital in the interior of Sao Paulo state. This is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study performed using documental research. The collected data refer to the period between July and December 2005, and between January and June 2006. A total of 670 records were reviewed. A 23% rate of cesarean births was identified at the institution studied during the aforementioned period. The studied population was characterized as having a low level of education, living in a common-law relationship, and not having a paid occupation. The main indications for cesarean sections were iterativity and acute fetal distress. The findings revealed an emphasis on obstetric nursing in the low-risk normal childbirth scenario, considering the non-interventionist character inherent to their education and training.

Monte Carlo simulations of Potts glasses

A complete understanding of the glass transition isstill a challenging problem. Some researchers attributeit to the (hypothetical) occurrence of a static phasetransition, others emphasize the dynamical transitionof mode coupling-theory from an ergodic to a non ergodicstate. A class of disordered spin models has been foundwhich unifies both scenarios. One of these models isthe p-state infinite range Potts glass with p>4, whichexhibits in the thermodynamic limit both a dynamicalphase transition at a temperature T_D, and a static oneat T_0 < T_D. In this model every spins interacts withall the others, irrespective of distance. Interactionsare taken from a Gaussian distribution.In order to understand better its behavior forfinite number N of spins and the approach to thethermodynamic limit, we have performed extensive MonteCarlo simulations of the p=10 Potts glass up to N=2560.The time-dependent spin-autocorrelation function C(t)shows strong finite size effects and it does not showa plateau even for temperatures around the dynamicalcritical temperature T_D. We show that the N-andT-dependence of the relaxation time for T > T_D can beunderstood by means of a dynamical finite size scalingAnsatz.The behavior in the spin glass phase down to atemperature T=0.7 (about 60% of the transitiontemperature) is studied. Well equilibratedconfigurations are obtained with the paralleltempering method, which is also useful for properlyestablishing static properties, such as the orderparameter distribution function P(q). Evidence is givenfor the compatibility with a one step replica symmetrybreaking scenario. The study of the cumulants of theorder parameter does not permit a reliable estimation ofthe static transition temperature. The autocorrelationfunction at low T exhibits a two-step decay, and ascaling behavior typical of supercooled liquids, thetime-temperature superposition principle, is observed. Inthis region the dynamics is governed by Arrheniusrelaxations, with barriers growing like N^{1/2}.We analyzed the single spin dynamics down to temperaturesmuch lower than the dynamical transition temperature. We found strong dynamical heterogeneities, which explainthe non-exponential character of the spin autocorrelationfunction. The spins seem to relax according to dynamicalclusters. The model in three dimensions tends to acquireferromagnetic order for equal concentration of ferro-and antiferromagnetic bonds. The ordering has differentcharacteristics from the pure ferromagnet. The spinglass susceptibility behaves like chi_{SG} proportionalto 1/T in the region where a spin glass is predicted toexist in mean-field. Also the analysis of the cumulantsis consistent with the absence of spin glass orderingat finite temperature. The dynamics shows multi-scalerelaxations if a bimodal distribution of bonds isused. We propose to understand it with a model based onthe local spin configuration. This is consistent with theabsence of plateaus if Gaussian interactions are used.

Forced oscillation technique in infants and young children

Due to its non-invasive character, the forced oscillation technique has gained importance in clinical research in infants and young children. Standardisation has enabled systematic and comparable measurements to be made in different laboratories throughout the world. The theoretical conditions are now fulfilled for use of these techniques in the clinical environment. This review discusses the principles, usefulness and pitfalls of various forced oscillation techniques in a research and clinical environment and the present and future clinical applications in children. It will focus particularly on the role of infant and preschool lung function as forced oscillation only requires minimal cooperation.

The Swiss Schools have been Governed by Local Lay Authorities

After the introduction of the liberal-democratic constitutions in the Swiss cantons in the first half of the 1830ies the grid of existing schools has been systemized and broadly expanded. The school systems have ever since been characterized by one key element: a special local authority type called „Schulkommission“ or „Schulpflege“. They take the form of committees consisting of laymen that are appointed by democratic elections like all the other executive bodies on the different federal levels in Switzerland. When it comes to their obligations and activities these community level school committees conform very much to the school boards in the American and Canadian school systems. They are accountable for the selection and supervision of the teachers. They approve decisions about the school careers of pupils and about curricular matters like the choice of school books. Normally their members are elected by the local voters for four year terms of office (reelection remains possible) and with regard to pedagogics they normally are non-professionals. The board members are responsible for classes and teachers assigned to them and they have to go to see them periodically. These visitations and the board meetings each month together with the teachers enable the board members to attain a deep insight into what happens in their schools over the course of their term of office. But they are confronted as laymen with a professional teaching staff and with educational experts in the public administration. Nevertheless this form of executive power by non-professionals is constitutive for the state governance in the Swiss as well as in other national political environments. It corresponds to the principles of subsidiarity and militia and therefore allows for a strong accentuation of liberty and the right of self-determination, two axioms at the very base of democratic federalist ideology. This governance architecture with this strong accent on local anchorage features substantial advantages for the legitimacy and acceptability of political and administrative decisions. And this is relevant especially in the educational area because the rearing of the offspring is a project of hope and, besides, quite costly. In the public opinion such supervision bodies staffed by laymen seem to have certain credibility advances in comparison with the professional administration. They are given credit to be capable of impeding the waste of common financial resources and of warranting the protection and the fostering of the community’s children at once. Especially because of their non-professional character they are trusted to be reliably immune against organizational blindness and they seem to be able to defend the interests of the local community against the standardization and centralization aspirations originating from the administrational expertocracy. In the paper these common rationales will be underpinned by results of a comprehensive historical analysis of the Session protocols of three Bernese school commissions from 1835 to 2005.

Medidas de propiedades dieléctricas de materiales de construcción mediante elipsometría

A set of measurements of electromagnetic properties of building materials is presented in this work. The method is based on the measurement of the polarization state of the reflected signal from the material under study at a fixed angle of incidence. From the measured data, by using the Fresnel equations, it has been obtained the dielectric constant. Measurements were done by using two horn antennas at the frequency of 9 GHz. The obtained results are compared with the free space reflexion and transmission Fresnel method and other reflection methods based on a conductor waveguide. The method explained in this work can be used for other type of materials and its main advantage is the non-destructive character and the ease implementation.