998 resultados para non-observance


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En la primera parte del presente trabajo se investigan diferentes formas de cálculo de la razón de concentración conocida como Coeficiente o Índice de Gini, y el no cumplimiento del axioma conocido como de "invariancia a la replicación" o "Principio de Población de Dalton" en algunas de ellas. El alcance de las conclusiones se limita al comportamiento de las fórmulas sometidas a prueba (se encuentran entre las más conocidas) cuando son aplicadas a distribuciones de datos desagregados. En la segunda parte se propone un factor de corrección para las fórmulas de cálculo analizadas, de manera que satisfagan el Principio de Población.

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Objectifs: Les études quantitatives ont documenté l’ampleur des problèmes d’observance en début de psychose et les conséquences cliniques qui en découlent. La compréhension du phénomène demeure toutefois limitée. Notre étude propose d’explorer, à partir de trois perspectives (celles des patients, des proches et des cliniciens), les raisons pour lesquelles les patients en début de psychose acceptent ou refusent les traitements. Méthode: La collecte des données s’est faite à l’aide d’entrevues individuelles semi-structurées auprès de 18 patients d’une clinique spécialisée en psychose débutante classifiés comme étant observants, ambivalents ou non observants, et auprès de 13 de leurs proches, ainsi qu’à l’aide d’un focus group réunissant 8 cliniciens de la clinique. Résultats: L’observance semble s’inscrire dans un processus marqué par une certaine ambivalence pour la plupart des sujets. Cette ambivalence est modulée par: des enjeux identitaires, des enjeux relationnels, la compréhension du diagnostic et la signification du traitement. Conclusion: L’ambivalence et l’inobservance seraient des étapes normales du processus au cours duquel le patient lutte pour reconstruire son identité. La présence d’un lien de confiance permet la résolution progressive de l’ambivalence, facilitant ainsi le processus de réappropriation du traitement par le patient.

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The scope of recent regional trade agreements (RTAs) is becoming much wider in terms of including several provisions such as competition policy or intellectual property. This paper empirically examines how far advanced, non-conventional provisions in RTAs increase trade values among RTA member countries, by estimating the gravity equation with more disaggregated indicators for RTAs. As a result, we find that the provision on competition policy has the largest impacts on trade values, following that on government procurement. Our further analysis reveals that the more significant roles of these two provisions can be also observed in the impacts on the intensive and extensive margins.

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Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are costly but many are avoidable. Evaluating prevention programmes requires data on their costs and benefits. Estimating the actual costs of HAI (a measure of the cost savings due to prevention) is difficult as HAI changes cost by extending patient length of stay, yet, length of stay is a major risk factor for HAI. This endogeneity bias can confound attempts to measure accurately the cost of HAI. We propose a two-stage instrumental variables estimation strategy that explicitly controls for the endogeneity between risk of HAI and length of stay. We find that a 10% reduction in ex ante risk of HAI results in an expected savings of £693 ($US 984).

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In this paper, a singularly perturbed ordinary differential equation with non-smooth data is considered. The numerical method is generated by means of a Petrov-Galerkin finite element method with the piecewise-exponential test function and the piecewise-linear trial function. At the discontinuous point of the coefficient, a special technique is used. The method is shown to be first-order accurate and singular perturbation parameter uniform convergence. Finally, numerical results are presented, which are in agreement with theoretical results.