Medios de comunicación e inmigración: prejuicios y estereotipos. Claves para la intervención socioeducativa

RESUMEN: La sociedad de la información está marcada por la influencia de los medios de comunicación en la formación del pensamiento ciudadano. El presente trabajo de investigación presenta un estudio que se realizó en torno a dicha influencia en el campo de los estereotipos y prejuicios sociales hacia el colectivo inmigrante a través del análisis de 96 noticias referentes a inmigración pertenecientes a tres diarios representativos de la sociedad española y vasca: El País, El Correo y El Mundo durante la primera quincena de febrero de 2014. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron los discursos más comunes y recurrentes en el tratamiento de temas relacionados con inmigración, corroborando teorías y estudios ya existentes. Tras la obtención de dichos resultados se elaboró una propuesta que incide en la importancia de una educación en los medios de comunicación accesible a toda la ciudadanía.

Optimum joint detail for a general cold-formed steel portal frame

In the design of cold-formed steel portal frames it is essential that joint flexibility is taken into account in frame analysis. This paper describes optimisation of the joint detail of a cold-formed steel portal frame, conducted concurrently with frame analysis. It is one of the outputs of an Industrial CASE award on the design of cold-formed steel portal frames, which is being used to support a KTP application.

De l'indépendance à la reconnaissance du génocide : le (re)cadrage des actions collectives de la diaspora tamoule depuis 2009

Alors que la mobilisation de la diaspora tamoule pendant la guerre civile sri lankaise (1983-2009) a été amplement discutée et analysée, peu de chercheurs se sont penchés sur la mobilisation de la diaspora tamoule après 2009. Pourtant, cette mobilisation d’après-guerre présente une rupture importante avec le discours d’indépendance du Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) prédominant pendant la guerre civile sri lankaise, rupture qui s’illustre, entre autres, par l’émergence d’un discours de reconnaissance du génocide. Comment expliquer ce changement de discours? L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’exposer le recadrage des actions collectives de la diaspora tamoule depuis 2009, pour ensuite expliquer comment et pourquoi nous l’observons. Pour ce faire, nous retraçons le discours de cinq acteurs collectifs en matière d’indépendance et de génocide, tel que rapporté par le site web diasporique, Tamilnet.com. Les acteurs collectifs à l’étude sont les suivants : le Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), le Global Tamil Forum (GTF), le Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam (TGTE), Tamils Against Genocide (TAG) et le National Council of Canadian Tamils (NCCT). Notre démarche, qui consiste en une analyse de cadrage, à la fois quantitative et qualitative, nous amène à remettre en question la relation causale entre la fenêtre d’opportunité et le recadrage. En revanche, nous démontrons que le recadrage des actions collectives de la diaspora tamoule depuis 2009 s’explique par l’émergence de nouveaux acteurs collectifs, eux-mêmes porteurs d’un nouveau discours. L’apparition de ces nouveaux acteurs collectifs médiate ainsi la relation entre la fenêtre d’opportunité et le recadrage.

The narrative of arguing the personalised news

Bay 9 are hoping to pioneer a way to encourage postgrads and staff in the lab to get over the fear of presenting their work to the group. The members of the bay will each give a 6m40s Pecha Kucha explaining their current research work through pictures. The topics of the pecha kuchas are: - Citizen Participation in News: An analysis of the landscape of online journalism (Jonny) - Argumentation on the Social Web (Tom) - From Narrative Systems to Ubiquitous Computing for Psychology - and everything in between (Charlie) - Is it worth sharing user model data? (Rikki)

Analysis of Pan-European attitudes to the eradication and control of bovine viral diarrhoea

At present, national-level policies concerning the eradication and control of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) differ widely across Europe. Some Scandinavian countries have enacted strong regulatory frameworks to eradicate the disease, whereas other countries have few formal policies. To examine these differences, the attitudes of stakeholders and policy makers in 17 European countries were investigated. A web-based questionnaire was sent to policy makers, government and private sector veterinarians, and representatives of farmers' organisations. On total, 131 individuals responded to the questionnaire and their responses were analysed by applying a method used in sociolinguistics: frame analysis. The results showed that the different attitudes of countries that applied compulsory or voluntary frameworks were associated with different views about the attribution or blame for BVD and the roles ascribed to farmers and other stakeholders in its eradication and control.

Controle social: um novo frame nos movimentos sociais

No contexto pós redemocratização, Estado e sociedade civil estão em transformação: discute-se novos modelos de gestão pública, mais descentralizados e gerenciais; enquanto proliferam as organizações sem fins lucrativos abrindo novos espaços também para a participação dos empresários nas decisões sobre os rumos do país. A accountability governamental entra na pauta e o controle social surge nas falas de movimentos sociais que chamam atenção pela diversidade de seus membros e pelas mudanças que vem provocando na institucionalidade vigente. Uma referencia destes movimentos é o Nossa São Paulo, articulador de mais de seiscentas organizações na segunda maior cidade do mundo e modelo organizacional e político para dezenas de iniciativas similares que se disseminam pelo país e pela America Latina. O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender o lugar do controle social, e mais amplamente, da accountability governamental no processo de framing desenvolvido pelo Movimento Nossa São Paulo. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso exploratório, incluindo revisão da literatura, análise de documentos, observação em eventos e entrevistas em profundidade, focando nos momentos de gênese e mobilização do Movimento Nossa São Paulo e na articulação para a aprovação de legislação relacionada à accountability governamental. Este trabalho apresenta, assim, o percurso dos grupos que formam o Nossa São Paulo observando o surgimento do controle social como quadro interpretativo composto pela união entre movimentos historicamente vinculados pelo mote da justiça social e outros grupos ligados ao desenvolvimento urbano e à responsabilidade socioambiental, articulados no pleito pela sustentabilidade. Como pano de fundo, estão as discussões sobre o direito à cidade, os dilemas clássicos da representação e os novos caminhos no campo dos modelos democráticos.

The public debate about agrobiotechnology in Latin American countries: comparative study of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico

Includes bibliography

O embate entre o visível e o invisível: a construção social da violência no jornalismo e na política

A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar o uso que foi feito da violência, enquanto problema social, nos contextos jornalístico e político, a partir das matérias veiculadas no Jornal Nacional, da Rede Globo e nos discursos políticos dos candidatos à presidência da República, Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT), no horário eleitoral, denominado aqui de campanha eleitoral televisiva, das eleições de 2006. Como aportes metodológicos principais foram utilizadas as ferramentas de análise da hermenêutica e dos enquadramentos (frame analysis), com a intenção de desvelar esse olhar sobre a violência e fazer uma reflexão teórica sobre esse problema social no “pós-mídia”, termo designado nesta pesquisa para o processo de exacerbação da mídia e de sua inserção como instituição que constrói sentido da realidade para a vida das pessoas. O telejornal e a campanha eleitoral, analisados nos meses de agosto, setembro e outubro de 2006, foram tomados como importantes programas de referências na construção social da realidade. Constata-se que há uma superficialidade e homogeneização no tratamento desse problema social.

Contexto, objetividade e sensacionalismo na cobertura jornalística de direitos de crianças e adolescentes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Entity extraction e text classification come strumenti per la sentiment analysis di testi giornalistici

In this thesis we are going to talk about technologies which allow us to approach sentiment analysis on newspapers articles. The final goal of this work is to help social scholars to do content analysis on big corpora of texts in a faster way thanks to the support of automatic text classification.

Analysis of differential gene expression in nontumorigenic glioblastoma multiforme

Loss of chromosome 10 represents the most common cytogenetic abnormality in high grade gliomas (glioblastoma multiforme). To identify genes involved in the malignant progression of human gliomas, a subtractive hybridization was performed between a tumorigenic glioblastoma cell line (LG11) and a nontumorgenic hybrid cell (LG11.3) containing an introduced chromosome 10. LG11 mRNA was subtracted from LG11.3 cDNA to produce cDNA probes enriched for sequences whose expression differs quantitatively from the parental tumorigenic cells. Both known and novel sequences were identified as a result of the subtraction. Northern blot analysis was then used to confirm differential expression of several subtracted clones. One novel clone, clone 17, identified a 2.6 kb message that showed a consistent two to four fold increase in expression in the LG11.3 nontumorigenic cells. Clone 17 (340 bp) was used successfully to screen for a near full-length version, RIG (regulated in glioma), which was 2,569 bp in size. The RIG cDNA sequence showed homology to clone 17 and to an anonymous EST (IB666), but to no previously identified genes. This screening effort also identified several independent clones representing novel sequences, most of which failed to show increased expression in the nontumorigenic GBM cells. Tissue distribution studies of RIG indicated highest levels of expression in human brain with appreciably lower levels in heart and lung. In vitro transcription and translation experiments demonstrated the ability of RIG to direct the synthesis of a 13 kD protein product. However, open reading frame analysis revealed no identify with previously described motifs or any known proteins. Using a combination of somatic cell hybrid panels and in situ hybridization, the RIG gene was mapped to chromosome 11p14-11p15. Further study of RIG and related gene products may provide insight into the negative regulation of glial oncogenesis. ^

Exploration of metaphors used by Indonesian legislators and political elites in the Indonesian sociopolitical domain

This thesis examines the ways Indonesian politicians exploit the rhetorical power of metaphors in the Indonesian political discourse. The research applies the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Metaphorical Frame Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis to textual and oral data. The corpus comprises: 150 political news articles from two newspapers (Harian Kompas and Harian Waspada, 2010-2011 edition), 30 recordings of two television news and talk-show programmes (TV-One and Metro-TV), and 20 interviews with four legislators, two educated persons and two laymen. For this study, a corpus of written bahasa Indonesia was also compiled, which comprises 150 texts of approximately 439,472 tokens. The data analysis shows the potential power of metaphors in relation to how politicians communicate the results of their thinking, reasoning and meaning-making through language and discourse and its social consequences. The data analysis firstly revealed 1155 metaphors. These metaphors were then classified into the categories of conventional metaphor, cognitive function of metaphor, metaphorical mapping and metaphor variation. The degree of conventionality of metaphors is established based on the sum of expressions in each group of metaphors. Secondly, the analysis revealed that metaphor variation is influenced by the broader Indonesian cultural context and the natural and physical environment, such as the social dimension, the regional, style and the individual. The mapping system of metaphor is unidirectionality. Thirdly, the data show that metaphoric thought pervades political discourse in relation to its uses as: (1) a felicitous tool for the rhetoric of political leaders, (2) part of meaning-making that keeps the discourse contexts alive and active, and (3) the degree to which metaphor and discourse shape the conceptual structures of politicians‟ rhetoric. Fourthly, the analysis of data revealed that the Indonesian political discourse attempts to create both distance and solidarity towards general and specific social categories accomplished via metaphorical and frame references to the conceptualisations of us/them. The result of the analysis shows that metaphor and frame are excellent indicators of the us/them categories which work dialectically in the discourse. The acts of categorisation via metaphors and frames at both textual and conceptual level activate asymmetrical concepts and contribute to social and political hierarchical constructs, i.e. WEAKNESS vs.POWER, STUDENT vs. TEACHER, GHOST vs. CHOSEN WARRIOR, and so on. This analysis underscores the dynamic nature of categories by documenting metaphorical transfers between, i.e. ENEMY, DISEASE, BUSINESS, MYSTERIOUS OBJECT and CORRUPTION, LAW, POLITICS and CASE. The metaphorical transfers showed that politicians try to dictate how they categorise each other in order to mobilise audiences to act on behalf of their ideologies and to create distance and solidarity.

Getting to know a stranger-rural nurses' experiences of mentoring : a grounded theory

Background: Mentoring is often proposed as a solution to the problem of successfully recruiting and retaining nursing staff. The aim of this constructivist grounded theory study was to explore Australian rural nurses' experiences of mentoring. Design: The research design used was reflexive in nature resulting in a substantive, constructivist grounded theory study. Participants: A national advertising campaign and snowball sampling were used to recruit nine participants from across Australia. Participants were rural nurses who had experience in mentoring others. Methods: Standard grounded theory methods of theoretical sampling, concurrent data collection and analysis using open, axial and theoretical coding and a story line technique to develop the core category and category saturation were used. To cultivate the reflexivity required of a constructivist study, we also incorporated reflective memoing, situational analysis mapping techniques and frame analysis. Data was generated through eleven interviews, email dialogue and shared situational mapping. Results: Cultivating and growing new or novice rural nurses using supportive relationships such as mentoring was found to be an existing, integral part of experienced rural nurses' practice, motivated by living and working in the same communities. Getting to know a stranger is the first part of the process of cultivating and growing another. New or novice rural nurses gain the attention of experienced rural nurses through showing potential or experiencing a critical incidence. Conclusions: The problem of retaining nurses is a global issue. Experienced nurses engaged in clinical practice have the potential to cultivate and grow new or novice nurses-many already do so. Recognising this role and providing opportunities for development will help grow a positive, supportive work environment that nurtures the experienced nurses of tomorrow.

Grounded theory : a methodological spiral from positivism to postmodernism

Aim. Our aim in this paper is to explain a methodological/methods package devised to incorporate situational and social world mapping with frame analysis, based on a grounded theory study of Australian rural nurses' experiences of mentoring. Background. Situational analysis, as conceived by Adele Clarke, shifts the research methodology of grounded theory from being located within a postpositivist paradigm to a postmodern paradigm. Clarke uses three types of maps during this process: situational, social world and positional, in combination with discourse analysis. Method. During our grounded theory study, the process of concurrent interview data generation and analysis incorporated situational and social world mapping techniques. An outcome of this was our increased awareness of how outside actors influenced participants in their constructions of mentoring. In our attempts to use Clarke's methodological package, however, it became apparent that our constructivist beliefs about human agency could not be reconciled with the postmodern project of discourse analysis. We then turned to the literature on symbolic interactionism and adopted frame analysis as a method to examine the literature on rural nursing and mentoring as secondary form of data. Findings. While we found situational and social world mapping very useful, we were less successful in using positional maps. In retrospect, we would argue that collective action framing provides an alternative to analysing such positions in the literature. This is particularly so for researchers who locate themselves within a constructivist paradigm, and who are therefore unwilling to reject the notion of human agency and the ability of individuals to shape their world in some way. Conclusion. Our example of using this package of situational and social worlds mapping with frame analysis is intended to assist other researchers to locate participants more transparently in the social worlds that they negotiate in their everyday practice. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Live my work : rural nurses and their multiple perspectives of self

Aim. This paper is a report of a study to explore rural nurses' experiences of mentoring. Background. Mentoring has recently been proposed by governments, advocates and academics as a solution to the problem for retaining rural nurses in the Australian workforce. Action in the form of mentor development workshops has changed the way that some rural nurses now construct supportive relationships as mentoring. Method. A grounded theory design was used with nine rural nurses. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted in various states of Australia during 2004-2005. Situational analysis mapping techniques and frame analysis were used in combination with concurrent data generation and analysis and theoretical sampling. Findings. Experienced rural nurses cultivate novices through supportive mentoring relationships. The impetus for such relationships comes from their own histories of living and working in the same community, and this was termed 'live my work'. Rural nurses use multiple perspectives of self in order to manage their interactions with others in their roles as community members, consumers of healthcare services and nurses. Personal strategies adapted to local context constitute the skills that experienced rural nurses pass-on to neophyte rural nurses through mentoring, while at the same time protecting them through troubleshooting and translating local cultural norms. Conclusion. Living and working in the same community creates a set of complex challenges for novice rural nurses that are better faced with a mentor in place. Thus, mentoring has become an integral part of experienced rural nurses' practice to promote staff retention. © 2007 The Authors.