Alternativas ante el conflicto entre autoridades ambientales y habitantes de áreas protegidas en páramos colombianos

Colombia es uno de los países denominados megadiversos biológica y culturalmente. Presenta a su interior la mayor extensión de páramos del mundo, los cuales son considerados fábricas de agua del planeta y hábitats de rica diversidad biológica. Por otro lado, la ocupación humana de los páramos colombianos ha generado conflictos entre las normativas ambientales vigentes y los usos productivos del suelo. El presente artículo analiza las alternativas aplicadas ante el conflicto entre autoridades ambientales de áreas protegidas y habitantes de los páramos en Colombia. Se encontraron dos tipos de alternativas: la primera plantea la concesión de servicios ecoturísticos en los parques naturales y la compra de tierras por parte de sociedades de economía mixta. La segunda plantea el abandono de las actividades productivas de los agricultores, mediado por procesos educativos o de cumplimiento de las normas ambientales vigentes, so pena de enfrentar acciones punitivas por parte del Estado. Este trabajo presenta una tercera alternativa, que parte de la crítica a las dos anteriores e incluye diferentes estrategias: planes de manejo comunitario con tiempo y financiación institucional pertinente, aplicación de modelos agroecológicos y rescate de la memoria biocultural y cambios en la estructura agraria.

Alternativas ante el conflicto entre autoridades ambientales y habitantes de áreas protegidas en páramos colombianos

Colombia es uno de los países denominados megadiversos biológica y culturalmente. Presenta a su interior la mayor extensión de páramos del mundo, los cuales son considerados fábricas de agua del planeta y hábitats de rica diversidad biológica. Por otro lado, la ocupación humana de los páramos colombianos ha generado conflictos entre las normativas ambientales vigentes y los usos productivos del suelo. El presente artículo analiza las alternativas aplicadas ante el conflicto entre autoridades ambientales de áreas protegidas y habitantes de los páramos en Colombia. Se encontraron dos tipos de alternativas: la primera plantea la concesión de servicios ecoturísticos en los parques naturales y la compra de tierras por parte de sociedades de economía mixta. La segunda plantea el abandono de las actividades productivas de los agricultores, mediado por procesos educativos o de cumplimiento de las normas ambientales vigentes, so pena de enfrentar acciones punitivas por parte del Estado. Este trabajo presenta una tercera alternativa, que parte de la crítica a las dos anteriores e incluye diferentes estrategias: planes de manejo comunitario con tiempo y financiación institucional pertinente, aplicación de modelos agroecológicos y rescate de la memoria biocultural y cambios en la estructura agraria.

Alternativas ante el conflicto entre autoridades ambientales y habitantes de áreas protegidas en páramos colombianos

Colombia es uno de los países denominados megadiversos biológica y culturalmente. Presenta a su interior la mayor extensión de páramos del mundo, los cuales son considerados fábricas de agua del planeta y hábitats de rica diversidad biológica. Por otro lado, la ocupación humana de los páramos colombianos ha generado conflictos entre las normativas ambientales vigentes y los usos productivos del suelo. El presente artículo analiza las alternativas aplicadas ante el conflicto entre autoridades ambientales de áreas protegidas y habitantes de los páramos en Colombia. Se encontraron dos tipos de alternativas: la primera plantea la concesión de servicios ecoturísticos en los parques naturales y la compra de tierras por parte de sociedades de economía mixta. La segunda plantea el abandono de las actividades productivas de los agricultores, mediado por procesos educativos o de cumplimiento de las normas ambientales vigentes, so pena de enfrentar acciones punitivas por parte del Estado. Este trabajo presenta una tercera alternativa, que parte de la crítica a las dos anteriores e incluye diferentes estrategias: planes de manejo comunitario con tiempo y financiación institucional pertinente, aplicación de modelos agroecológicos y rescate de la memoria biocultural y cambios en la estructura agraria.

Interview forms for integrating education for conservation in marine protected areas management in Colombia

Environmental Education (EE) is a key component in any marine protected area management. However, its visibility and action plans are still poorly developed and structured as a clear element in management procedures. The objective of this study is to contribute with a methodological route that integrates EE to the existing model of management planning and strategies, taking the Colombian National Natural Parks System as a case study. The creation of the route is proposed as a participatory research with different stakeholders in order to respond to the specific conservation needs and goals for the National Parks System. The EE national diagnosis has shown that its integration within the parks management structure is a first priority need, being a converging result on the two case studies on National Parks from the Pacific Coast of Colombia. The diagnosis also demonstrates that communication, participation, training and evaluation have to be reinforced, linking the community and stakeholders involved in the park management to the whole EE process. The proposed methodology route has been agreed upon by the National Parks staff and incorporates advice and recommendations from different stakeholders, in order to better include the park users. This step will help us to advance toward sustainable management in marine and coastal protected areas elsewhere, taking into account not only the biological but also the social-cultural prism. The main challenges in the management and conservation of coastal and marine ecosystems today are discussed.

A PCR based method to detect Russula spp. in soil samples and Limodorum abortivum roots in Mediterranean environments

Aim of study. Orchidaceae has the largest number of species of any family in the plant kingdom. This family is subject to a high risk of extinction in natural environments, such as natural parks and protected areas. Recent studies have shown the prevalence of many species of orchids to be linked to fungal soil diversity, due to their myco-heterotrophic behaviour. Plant communities determine fungal soil diversity, and both generate optimal conditions for orchid development. Area of study. The work was carried out in n the two most important natural parks in Alicante (Font Roja and Sierra Mariola), in South-eastern of Spain. Material and Methods. We designed a molecular tool to monitor the presence of Russula spp. in soil and orchids roots, combined with phytosociological methods. Main results. Using a PCR-based method, we detected the presence in the soil and Limodorum abortivum orchid roots of the mycorrhizal fungi Russula spp. The species with highest coverage was Quercus rotundifolia in areas where the orchid was present. Research highlights. We present a useful tool based on PCR to detect the presence of Russula spp. in a natural environment. These results are consistent with those obtained in different studies that linked the presence of the mycorrhizal fungi Russula spp. in roots of the species Limodorum and the interaction between these fungal species and Quercus ilex trees in Mediterranean forest environments.

Irrigation canals in a semi-arid agricultural landscape surrounded by wetlands: Their role as a habitat for birds during the breeding season

Traditional water supply systems in semi-arid agrarian ecosystems, mainly irrigation canals, contribute to the diversity of the landscape and influence the composition of species. To evaluate their effect on bird communities in the breeding season, we selected a rural area in southeastern Spain, where an intricate and extensive network of irrigation canals and cultivated areas is located between two wetlands declared as Natural Parks. Birds were counted at representative points distributed throughout the canal network at which we recorded several variables related to the physical features, the vertical and horizontal structure of associated vegetation, reed development (Phragmites australis) and land use in the neighboring areas. We detected 37 bird species, most of which were also breeding in the wetlands nearby. We used Hierarchical Partitioning analyses to identify the variables most strongly related to the probability of the presence of selected species and species richness. Vegetation cover and height close to the canals, together with reed development, were the most important types of variables explaining species presence and richness. We found that current management practices for reeds in canals are not well-suited for biodiversity conservation. We therefore propose alternatives that could be implemented in the area in cooperation with stakeholders.

Conflictos ambientales derivados de la urbanización turístico-residencial. Un caso aplicado al litoral alicantino

La actividad turística desarrollada en el Mediterráneo español, en general, y en el litoral valenciano, en particular, está vinculada a la demanda de segundas residencias y, con ella, al desarrollo urbanístico. Se trata de un modelo que incide negativamente sobre el territorio y genera fuertes impactos, especialmente medioambientales, apenas frenados por las medidas conservacionistas llevadas a cabo en las últimas décadas. Para comprobar tales afirmaciones, el presente artículo se centra en un territorio concreto como el litoral de la provincia de Alicante, donde los parques naturales mantienen una estrecha relación con algunos de los principales destinos de sol y playa.

Estimating social carrying capacity in protected Mediterranean mountain areas. Methodological orientation

The concept of social carrying capacity, though opens to debate and critique, is a valuable tool that enhances the management of recreational use in protected natural areas. In this study, conducted in Sierra de las Nieves natural park (Spain), we first categorised the hikers making use of the park and then, from the profiles obtained, analysed their perception of crowding on the trails. This assessment was subsequently used to assess levels of user satisfaction and thus to determine the psychosocial carrying capacity of the park. The results obtained can be extrapolated to most of the Spanish natural parks in Mediterranean mountain areas, due to their comparable levels of visitor numbers and to the prevalence of recreational hiking use. The results suggest that management efforts should be directed toward relocating trails outside the core areas, such that user preferences may be satisfied while less impact is made on the areas of highest environmental value.

Review of the Department of Natural Resources Parks Reservation System and the Electronic Licensing System for Iowa for the period July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2011

Review of the Department of Natural Resources Parks Reservation System and the Electronic Licensing System for Iowa for the period July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2011

Remembering Lee Metcalf - Natural Resources, Environmental and Conservation Excerpts (done for 75th Anniversary of Montana State Parks System - 2014)

Montana's Lee Metcalf was an extraordinary Montana leader with an unbelievable record of accomplishment fighting for the little people against the forces of economic and political power. The public memory is so short that this film will serve to help reacquaint Lee & Donna Metcalf to most of those who were around during their time. But it will also provide an opportunity for new generations to receive a perspective of an important leader from an important time. (Language from YouTube version of the film, written and provided by Executive Producer Evan Barrett) Lee Warren Metcalf (January 28, 1911 – January 12, 1978) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. Representative (1953–1961) and a U.S. Senator (1961–1978) from Montana. He was permanent acting President pro tempore of the Senate, the only person to hold that position, from 1963 until his death in 1978. Excerpts from main film for 75th Anniversary of Montana State Parks System

National Park Service concessions management : hearings before the Subcommittee on National Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session to review the National Park Service implementation of management policies and procedures to comply with the provisions of Titles I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII of the National Parks Omnibus Management Act of 1998, March 22, 2001, March 29, 2001.

Shipping list no.: 2001-0261-P.

Miscellaneous national parks bills : hearing before the Subcommittee on National Parks of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, on S. 423, S. 941, S. 1057, S. 1105, H.R. 640, July 26, 2001.

"Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources."

Governors Island, Vicksburg Military Park, Niagara Falls Heritage Area, and Craters of the Moon Preserve bills : hearing before the Subcommittee on National Parks of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session on S. 689, to convey certain federal properties on Governors Island, New York; S. 1175, to modify the boundary of Vicksburg National Military Park to include the property known as Pemberton's Headquarters, and for other purposes; S. 1227, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study on the suitability and feasibility of establishing the Niagara Falls National Heritage Area in the state of New York, and for other purposes; H.R. 601, to redesignate certain lands within the Craters of the Moon National Monument, and for other purposes, July 31, 2001.

Shipping list no.: 2002-0096-P.

Miscellaneous parks and public land measures : hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Lands, National Parks, and Forests of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on S. 574, S. 578, S. 892, S. 1012, S. 1259, S. 1297, H.R. 242, H.R. 797, H.R. 990, H.R. 1205, H.R. 1366, H.R. 1744, July 30, 1987.

Mode of access: Internet.

Rio Chama River, New Mexico : hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Lands, National Parks, and Forests of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session on S. 850 to amend the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act to designate a segment of the Rio Chama River in New Mexico as a component of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System.

"December 17, 1987"--Pt. 2.