885 resultados para modified starch


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The aim of this work was to study the effects of heat-moisture treatment (27% moisture, 100 degrees C, 16 h) and of enzymatic digestion (alpha-amylase and glucoamylase) on the properties of sweet potato (SP), Peruvian carrot (PC) and ginger (G) starches. The structural modification with heat-moisture treatment (HMT) affected crystallinity, enzyme susceptibility and viscosity profile. The changes in PC starch were the most pronounced, with a strong decrease of relative crystallinity (from 0.31 to 0.21) and a shift of X-ray pattern from B- to A-type. HMTof SP and G starch did not change the Xray pattern (A-type). The relative crystallinity of these starches changed only slightly, from 0.32 to 0.29 (SP) and from 0.33 to 0.32 (G). The extent of these structural changes (PC > SP > G) altered the susceptibility of the starches to enzymatic attack, but not in same order (PC > G > SP). HMT increased the starches digestion, probably due to rearrangement of disrupted crystallites, increasing accessible areas to attack of enzymes. The viscosity profiles and values changed significantly with HMT, resulting in higher pasting temperatures, decrease of viscosity values and no breakdown, i.e., stability at high temperatures and shear rates. Changes in pasting properties appeared to be more significant for PC and SP starch, whereas the changes for G starch were small. Setback was minimized following HMT in SP and G starches.

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Microencapsulation of Lippia sidoides essential oil was carried out by spray drying. Blends of maltodextrin and gum arabic were used as carrier. Spray dried microparticles were characterized using conventional (thermogravimetry, evolved gas analysis) and combined (thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry analysis) thermal analysis techniques in order to evaluate the abilities of carriers with different compositions in retaining and in releasing the core vs. dynamic heating. Thermal analysis was useful to evaluate the physico-chemical interactions between the core and carriers and to determine the protective effect of the carriers on the evaporation of essential oil.

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A pimenta rosa é o fruto da aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), uma planta nativa do Brasil. A extração e caracterização do seu óleo essencial viabiliza a sua utilização industrial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adição de óleo essencial de pimenta rosa em queijo Minas Frescal . Foram identificados 95,36% dos constituintes do óleo essencial, sendo o δ-careno-3 o componente majoritário. O óleo essencial de pimenta rosa apresentou características antioxidante (2,53 ± 0,28 μmols de trolox por mL de óleo) e antimicrobiana para o desenvolvimento de Staphylococcus aureus. Foi observado, no teste de difusão em ágar, a formação do halo de inibição de 1,35 ± 0,32 cm, e na análise de concentração inibitória mínima, o valor de 3,13%. O óleo essencial é sensível à degradação no meio em que se encontra, portanto necessita de processos tecnológicos para assegurar sua ação. Para proteger o óleo essencial foi realizada a microencapsulação por meio da secagem por spray dryer. O óleo foi microencapsulado utilizando três formulações com diferentes concentrações de goma arábica, maltodextrina e amido modificado como papel de parede. As microcápsulas obtidas foram analisadas quanto às suas características físico-químicas e morfológicas e foi selecionada uma formulação para posterior adição ao queijo Minas Frescal. A formulação com 5% de amido modificado, 10% de maltodextrina e 5% de goma arábica foi selecionada. Para definição da concentração de óleo essencial que foi utilzada no queijo, foi realizado teste sensorial de ordenação-preferência, visto que a concentração inibitória mínima (3,13%) era muito alta para ser utilizada nos queijos. A formulação com 0,01% de óleo essencial foi a preferida e utilizada para fabricação dos queijos. Foram elaborados e caracterizados os queijos controle (CO) e o queijo com adição das microcápsulas de óleo essencial de pimenta rosa (OEPR). Em relação às características físico-químicas, os queijos CO e OEPR só apresentaram diferença significativa em relação à umidade (P= 0,0021; α=0,05). O queijo OEPR teve boa aceitação sensorial com média de aceitação global de 7,6 ± 0,97, não apresentando diferença significativa, ao nível de 95% de confiança, do queijo controle (7,6 ± 1,18). Para avaliar a capacidade do óleo essencial de pimenta rosa microencapsulado em inibir o desenvolvimento de S. aureus, foram inoculadas nos queijos CO e OEPR concentrações iniciais de 106 UFG.g. Os queijos foram armazenados em BOD à temperatura de 4 ± 1 °C até realização das análises, que ocorreram nos tempos: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 e 30 dias. Houve redução de 1,53 ciclos Log no queijo adicionado de óleo essencial de pimenta rosa. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o óleo essencial de pimenta rosa é uma alternativa viável de utilização em queijo Minas Frescal , devido ao seu potencial antioxidante, antimicrobiano e à sua aceitação sensorial.

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The increasing need for starches with specific characteristics makes it important to study unconventional starches and their modifications in order to meet consumer demands. The aim of this work was to study physicochemical characteristics of native starch and phosphate starch of S. lycocarpum. Native starch was phosphated with sodium tripolyphosphate (5-11%) added with stirring. Chemical composition, morphology, density, binding ability to cold water, swelling power and solubility index, turbidity and syneresis, rheological and calorimetric properties were determined. Phosphorus was not detected in the native sample, but the phosphating process produced modified starches with phosphorus contents of 0.015, 0.092 and 0.397%, with the capacity of absorbing more water, either cold or hot. Rheological data showed the strong influence of phosphorus content on viscosity of phosphate starch, with lower pasting temperature and peak viscosity higher than those of native starch. Enthalpy was negatively correlated with the phosphorus content, requiring 9.7; 8.5; 8.1 and 6.4 kJ g-1 of energy for the transition from the amorphous to the crystalline state for the starch granules with phosphorus contents of 0; 0.015; 0.092 and 0.397%, respectively. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that starches with 0.015 and 0.092% phosphorus have similar characteristics and are different from the others. Our results show that the characteristics of phosphate modified S. lycocarpum starch have optimal conditions to meet the demands of raw materials, which require greater consistency in stickiness, combined with low rates of retrogradation and syneresis.

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Polysaccharide-based drilling fluids have been often applied in horizontal wells of petroleum reservoirs in Campos, Rio de Janeiro. The present study aimed to understand the mechanism of adsorption and desorption of the drill-in fluid, xanthan, modified starch and lubricant on SiO2 by means of ellipsometry. The effect of pH and brine on the mean thickness (D) of adsorbed layer was systematically investigated. The adsorption was mainly favored under alkaline conditions. A model has been proposed to explain this effect. The adsorption isotherms determined separately for xanthan and starch on SiO2 surfaces could be fitted with the Langmuir model, which yielded similar adsorption constant values.

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The purpose of this study was to follow-up color changes in low-calorie strawberry and guava jellies during storage. To this end, one formulation of each flavor was prepared varying the application of hydrocolloids (pectin and modified starch). The jellies were studied regarding pH, soluble solids, water activity and syneresis. In order to follow-up color changes, the samples remained stored for 180 days in chambers with controlled temperatures of 10 °C (control) and 25 °C (commercial), and color instrumental analyses (L*, a*, and b*) were performed every 30 days. Arrhenius model was applied to reaction speeds (k) at different temperatures, where light strawberry and guava jellies showed greater color changes when stored at 25 °C compared to the samples stored at 10 °C. Activation energy values between 13 and 15 kcal.mol-1 and Q10 values between 2.1 and 2.3 were obtained for light strawberry jelly and light guava jelly, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that, with respect to color changes, every 10 °C temperature increase reduces light jellies shelf-life by half.

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This study had as objective to evaluate the effect of yam starch, modified starch from Cargill-Brasil (Amidomax 4800 (R)) and gelatin from Gelita-Brasil (GEL-LAC) as stabilizers/thickeners in different ratios and combinations in the soy yoghurt fermented with Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus helveticus ssp jugurti. Ten soy yoghurt formulations containing these different stabilizers/thickeners, always totalizing 0.5% in relation to the final formulation, were analyzed in sensorial and physical-chemical terms. Based on the observed results, it was concluded in relation to the sensorial point of view that the more appropriate product was processed only with gelatin at 0.5% concentration. This product also presented the best physical-chemical results related to consistency, syneresis and water holding capacity. However, the isolated use of gelatin increased fermentation time of the soy yoghurt.

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Amidos nativos e modificados têm grande importância na indústria de alimentos, sendo empregados principalmente como espessantes e/ou estabilizantes. As limitações das pastas e géis obtidos a partir de amidos nativos tornaram necessário o desenvolvimento de muitos tipos de amidos modificados para aplicações alimentícias. Neste trabalho, algumas amostras de amidos modificados (n=20) disponíveis no Brasil foram recebidas de empresas produtoras e analisadas em relação a algumas características físico-químicas e propriedades tecnológicas. Um levantamento do uso de amidos modificados em alimentos também é apresentado, revelando crescente interesse pela indústria nesses ingredientes. Constatou-se que, enquanto alguns alimentos industrializados, como maioneses contêm em suas formulações amidos modificados, outros como condimento preparado de mostarda contêm apenas amido nativo. As análises físico-químicas permitiram concluir que alguns amidos modificados apresentavam teores elevados de acidez, relacionados à presença de reagentes utilizados em sua obtenção, não havendo presença de carboxilas nas suas macromoléculas. de maneira geral, os resultados de algumas propriedades tecnológicas avaliadas, tais como viscosidade aparente das pastas, resistência a congelamento/descongelamento e propriedade de expansão, estavam de acordo com a descrição dos produtos. As fontes mais observadas nas modificações foram, em ordem decrescente de importância, a mandioca, o milho ceroso e o milho regular.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Starches and modified starch derivations are used as carriers in the spray drying processing where apparent density is an important characteristic and should be controlled in dehydrated products for pharmaceutical use. In Brazil, the commercial starches are made from corn and cassava, but there are others with potential for extraction. The canna and taro starches were selected because they represent the extremes of granule size and thus allow the effect of this size on the apparent density of spray dried products to be tested. For comparison, commercial cassava and corn starches which are used in spray-drying and have granules of intermediate size, were also tested. The spray-drying process was carried out with a LabPlant SD 04 Spray Dryer, operating at a pressure of 6 lb/in2, air of 7,6 mL/minute, and 1 cm atomizing nozzle. The air inlet temperature was set at 200°C this model does not allow regulating outlet temperature. The spray-dryer products had boldo leaf extract as base, using the four starches as carrier. The dry product was evaluated for humidity, water activity (Aw), granulometry and apparent density. The results showed that the size of the particles, which was a consequence of the size of the starch granules, influenced the apparent density of the spray dried products, which as higher (694, 27 g/mL) for the canna starch and lower (456, 13 g/mL) for taro starch. Corn and cassava starches showed very close and intermediate values, 521,51 and 58,48 g/mL, which also represent the standard range of starch granule size.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)