Motivation scolaire et adaptation psychosociale d'élèves du secondaire scolarisés en classe de prolongation de cycle

Depuis la mise en place de la réforme, il y a plus de dix ans, les directions d’établissement sont tenues de trouver des solutions alternatives au redoublement, afin d’aider les élèves en difficulté à rattraper leur retard. C’est afin de répondre à cet impératif que la classe de prolongation de cycle a été mise en place dans les écoles secondaires. Des élèves en fin de 1er cycle, jugés incapables de poursuivre au cycle supérieur, y sont regroupés et pendant une année, ils bénéficient de mesures de soutien afin d’atteindre le niveau de compétence attendu (plus précisément en français en en mathématiques) pour pouvoir vivre un passage réussi au second cycle. Peu de résultats de recherches sont toutefois disponibles quant à l’efficacité de cette modalité. La présente étude vise donc à estimer l’incidence de deux modèles de prolongation de cycle (co-enseignement et avec enseignant unique), sur la motivation et l’adaptation psychosociale des élèves. Ainsi, les élèves qui expérimentent un modèle de co-enseignement demeurent en groupe fermé et sont accompagnés par trois enseignants titulaires qui se partagent la responsabilité de la quasi-totalité des composantes du programme de formation. Les élèves qui expérimentent un modèle avec enseignant unique demeurent eux aussi en groupe fermé, mais sont encadrés par une seule enseignante titulaire qui assume la responsabilité des enseignements en français et en mathématiques. Les autres matières sont enseignées par des spécialistes. Cent trente-quatre élèves au total, fréquentant trois écoles secondaires francophones montréalaises situées en milieu défavorisé, ont donc formé les groupes expérimentaux et témoins. En début et en fin d’année, les participants ont répondu à un questionnaire d’enquête mesurant l’évolution de leur motivation générale pour les apprentissages, de leur motivation spécifique aux disciplines, de leur adaptation psychosociale, de même que certaines facettes de leurs relations avec leurs pairs, leurs enseignants et leurs parents. Les résultats d’analyses de variance multivariées à mesures répétées (MANOVA) et des tests univariés subséquents permettent d’observer, chez les élèves qui ont expérimenté la prolongation de cycle en co-enseignement, une augmentation de leur sentiment de compétence général vis-à-vis l’école. De plus, leurs buts de performance-évitement et leur anxiété sociale ont diminué. Chez les élèves qui ont expérimenté la prolongation de cycle avec enseignant unique, ce même sentiment de compétence vis-à-vis l’école et celui spécifique au français ont augmenté. En revanche, ces derniers s’expriment plus négativement que leurs homologues en ce qui concerne leur intérêt général envers l’école, leur sentiment d’appartenance à leur école et leurs relations avec leurs pairs. Ces résultats indiquent donc que cette mesure a un effet mitigé sur la motivation et l’adaptation psychosociale des élèves. De plus, les quelques bénéfices perçus peuvent être la conséquence du fait de se retrouver dans un environnement scolaire moins compétitif. Cela dit, il apparaît important de préciser que les enseignants qui ont testé le modèle de co-enseignement en étaient à une première expérience. Leurs pratiques sont susceptibles de se bonifier, ce qui laisse croire que des résultats plus disparates pourraient éventuellement être observés entre ces deux modèles de prolongation. Par ailleurs, la pérennité des gains observés est inconnue. En conséquence, il conviendrait de poursuivre cette étude pour être en mesure de déterminer si ceux-ci sont durables dans le temps et afin de constater la pleine mesure de l’efficacité du modèle de prolongation de co-enseignement.

Assessing phonemic awareness skills in hearing impaired students

This paper discusses phonemic awareness and its role in providing appropriate literacy instruction to both hearing and hearing impaired children. The ability of hearing-impaired students to gain phonological awareness skills is examined and instructional models for teaching phonological and phonemic awareness skills are presented. Also included is a checklist to be used to assess phonological and phonemic awareness skills in hearing-impaired students.

Dental training system using haptic technology

In the U.K., dental students require to perform training and practice on real human tissues at the very early stage of their courses. Currently, the human tissues, such as decayed teeth, are mounted in a human head like physical model. The problems with these models in teaching are; (1) every student operates on tooth, which are always unique; (2) the process cannot be recorded for examination purposes and (3) same training are not repeatable. The aim of the PHATOM Project is to develop a dental training system using Haptic technology. This paper documents the project background, specification, research and development of the first prototype system. It also discusses the research in the visual display, haptic devices and haptic rendering. This includes stereo vision, motion parallax, volumetric modelling, surface remapping algorithms as well as analysis design of the system. A new volumetric to surface model transformation algorithm is also introduced. This paper includes the future work on the system development and research.

Integrando comunicação, saúde e educação: experiência do UNI-Botucatu

Relata-se experiência inicial de trabalho com as áreas de Comunicação e Educação em Saúde em projeto de cooperação entre universidade, serviços de saúde e organizações comunitárias para o desenvolvimento integrado de modelos inovadores de ensino, de sistemas locais de saúde e de ação comunitária. Apresenta-se proposta de operacionalização de ações de Comunicação e Educação em Saúde, com ênfase na interação serviços-comunidade. Nesta busca-se não só fortalecer as instâncias formais de participação dos usuários, mas ainda desenvolver outros espaços de comunicação e interação serviços-comunidade, procurando, assim, transformar progressivamente pacientes em usuários-cidadãos.

História do ensino primário rural em São Paulo e Santa Catarina (1921-1952): uma abordagem comparada

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Para além da leitura linear: uma contribuição ao processo de compreensão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A evolução na prática da educação: o uso das mídias como ferramentas no ensino/aprendizagem da educação matemática

It is possible to note that the teaching done in the usual way goes against the language of youth today. It is essential that there be incentives and subsidies regarding the use of such media, whether the responsible government agencies and their members, be they principals and teachers, so there is a reform in the existing educational models and teaching. Currently, teaching is in a purely encyclopedic context of teaching models with pre-defined, ignoring the teaching based on the context in which the student lives (ethnomathematics). The objective of this work is to show how the use of audiovisual best known, such as newspapers, magazines, TV and computers can assist in teaching and learning of mathematics education, making teaching more enjoyable and inserted into the day-to-day student

Educação a distância na modernidade líquida: uma análise descritiva

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Ser professor e a relação ensino-aprendizagem: uma contribuição piagetiana

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Discovering the Parameters of Sound Creation: Physics Informed String Pedagogy

Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Distance Learning Education of Software Engineering: Principles and Experiences

Whether distance learning spells the end of traditional campuses, as some maintain, or whether distance learning instead represents a powerful addition to a growing array of delivery options for higher education, its impact on higher education is great and growing. Distance learning is creating alternative models of teaching and learning, new job descriptions for faculty, and new types of higher education providers. The advent of Distance and Distributed Learning has raised numerous questions about quality and quality assurance: ² How do established distance learning institutions ensure quality? ² What more needs to be done? ² How do quality assurance agencies view the distinction between on- and off-campus teaching and learning? This talk discusses these issues from the viewpoints of funding organisa- tion, quality assurance agencies and the learners.

A közalkalmazotti béremelés hatása a tanárok pályaelhagyási döntéseire (The effect of a public-sector pay increase on teachers attrition)

A tanárok pályaelhagyási döntését vizsgálva, a tanulmány a következő két kérdésre keresi a választ. Milyen szerepet játszanak e döntésekben a keresetek, alternatív kereseti lehetőségek? Hogyan hatott a tanárok pályaelhagyására a 2002. évi közalkalmazotti béremelés? Az elemzéshez az OEP-ONYF-FH összekapcsolt nagymintás adatbázis felhasználásával kétféle modellt becsült a szerző: 1. két lehetőséget megkülönböztetve (elhagyja a tanári pályát/nem hagyja el) Cox-féle arányos hazárdfüggvényeket, 2. a pályaelhagyás okai között a más állásba kerülést és az egyéb pályaelhagyási okokat megkülönböztetve versengő kockázati modelleket. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a kereseti lehetőségek hatnak a pályaelhagyási döntésekre. A magasabb jövedelem és magasabb relatív kereset csökkenti annak valószínűségét, hogy egy tanár elhagyja a pályát, és más pályán helyezkedjen el, vagy nem foglalkoztatotti státusba kerüljön. A közalkalmazotti béremelés átmenetileg csökkentette a pályaelhagyás valószínűségét a fiatal tanárok körében, de a hatás egy-két év alatt eltűnt. Az 51 évesnél idősebb tanárokat pedig inkább a pályán tartotta a béremelés, csökkentette annak valószínűségét is, hogy más pályán helyezkedjenek el, vagy hogy nem foglalkoztatotti státusba kerüljenek. ______ The paper investigates teachers decisions to leave the profession. It first examines the role in such decisions of pay compared with earnings in alternative occupations, and then discusses how the public-sector pay increase of 2002 af-fected exit decisions by teachers. Duration models were estimated using large merged administrative data sets. First binary-choice Cox proportional hazard models (leaving teaching profession or not), then competing risk models that distinguish exits to another occupation and exits to a non-working state. Results show that earnings matter. Higher wages reduce the probability of exiting teacher profession to go to another occupation or to non-employment. The public-sector pay increase decreased the probability of inexperienced teachers leaving the teacher profession temporarily, but the effect disappeared after one or two years. For experienced teachers over 51 years old, the wage increase was found to reduce attrition.

Interface de app para dispositivos móveis de universidade virtual, caso da UAb

O avanço das tecnologias de informação continua a mudar os paradigmas de ensino e aprendizagem. Os meios disponíveis são cada vez mais diversificados e, com a necessidade de procurar novos estudantes e diversificar o público-alvo, as instituições de ensino superior estão a repensar os seus modelos de negócio e estratégias pedagógicas. A proliferação de dispositivos móveis catalisa uma aposta crescente no ensino a distância (EaD) no sentido de proporcionar aprendizagens em mobilidade (m-learning). No entanto, as soluções existentes para m-learning são ainda pouco adaptadas às recentes metodologias de EaD, na maioria das vezes funcionando como extensão de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem ou com muito foco nos conteúdos. Sendo a Universidade Aberta (UAb) a única instituição de ensino superior público em Portugal de ensino a distância, com um modelo pedagógico próprio, constitui um natural caso de aplicação de tecnologia móvel em novos contextos de aprendizagem, importando por isso estudar e desenhar os mecanismos de interação mais adequados com professores e estudantes em mobilidade. Adotou-se neste trabalho a metodologia Design Science Research, tendo sido identificadas as características e comportamentos de potenciais utilizadores, e definidas as funcionalidades que devem ser disponibilizadas na primeira versão de uma aplicação para dispositivos móveis (app) no contexto do ensino a distância. É proposto o design da interface dessa app, usando o modelo da UAb como caso de aplicação, e disponibilizada uma lista de orientações para o desenvolvimento do protótipo funcional. Da investigação realizada, concluiu-se que a interface proposta constitui um modelo válido para o desenho de uma app para aprendizagens em mobilidade, no regime de ensino de uma universidade virtual. A partir deste modelo, as instituições de ensino superior podem desenvolver apps adaptando-se ao avanço das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação e ficarem alinhadas com as necessidades dos seus alunos e docentes, particularmente se dispuserem de oferta formativa a distância.

Years 2 to 6 students' ability to generalise : models, representations and theory for teaching and learning

Over the last three years, in our Early Algebra Thinking Project, we have been studying Years 3 to 5 students’ ability to generalise in a variety of situations, namely, compensation principles in computation, the balance principle in equivalence and equations, change and inverse change rules with function machines, and pattern rules with growing patterns. In these studies, we have attempted to involve a variety of models and representations and to build students’ abilities to switch between them (in line with the theories of Dreyfus, 1991, and Duval, 1999). The results have shown the negative effect of closure on generalisation in symbolic representations, the predominance of single variance generalisation over covariant generalisation in tabular representations, and the reduced ability to readily identify commonalities and relationships in enactive and iconic representations. This chapter uses the results to explore the interrelation between generalisation and verbal and visual comprehension of context. The studies evidence the importance of understanding and communicating aspects of representational forms which allowed commonalities to be seen across or between representations. Finally the chapter explores the implications of the studies for a theory that describes a growth in integration of models and representations that leads to generalisation.

Examining workload models in online and blended teaching

Over the past decade, most Australian universities have moved increasingly towards online course delivery for both undergraduate and graduate programs. In almost all cases, elements of online teaching are part of routine teaching loads. Yet detailed and accurate workload data are not readily available. As a result, institutional policies on academic staff workload are often guided more by untested assumptions about reduction of costs per student unit, rather than being evidence-based, with the result that implementation of new technologies for online teaching has resulted in poorly defined workload expectations. While the academics in this study often revealed a limited understanding of their institutional workload formulas, which in Australia are negotiated between management and the national union through their local branches, the costs of various types of teaching delivery have become a critical issue in a time of increasing student numbers, declining funding, pressures to increase quality and introduce minimum standards of teaching and curriculum, and substantial expenditure on technologies to support e-learning. There have been relatively few studies on the costs associated with workload for online teaching, and even fewer on the more ubiquitous ‘blended’, ‘hybrid’ or ‘flexible’ modes, in which face-to-face teaching is supplemented by online resources and activities. With this in mind the research reported here has attempted to answer the following question: What insights currently inform Australian universities about staff workload when teaching online?